23 research outputs found

    Análise dos genes CYP1A1, CYP2D6 e GSTP1 em portadores de câncer de mama esporádico

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    Orientadora: Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca RibeiroCoorientador: Iglenir João CavalliMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciencias Biológicas. Curso de Graduaçao em Ciencias BiológicasResumo : O câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais freqüente no mundo, sendo o mais comum entre as mulheres (INCA/MS, 2006). Admite-se que a exposição prolongada a níveis aumentados de estrogênio seja o fator central na etiologia do câncer de mama (BERNSTEIN, 2002). O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a associação entre o câncer de mama e polimorfismos em três genes atuantes na via metabólica do estrogênio (CYP1A1, CYP2D6 e GSTP1). A amostra foi composta de 85 pacientes e 85 controles do sexo feminino, pareadas por idade (±5 anos) e etnia. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue periférico para extração de DNA pelo método de salting out, e em seguida realizou-se a análise molecular por PCR-RFLP, seguida de visualização em gel de agarose 3,0%. Nossos resultados não demonstraram associação entre a ocorrência de câncer de mama e os genótipos considerados de risco: OR= 1,57 (IC 95%= 0,77 - 3,20) para o polimorfismo CYP1A1 – Msp1, OR= 1,30 (IC 95%= 0,69 - 2,47) para o polimorfismo CYP2D6*4 e OR= 1,69 (IC 95%=0,92 – 3,11) para o polimorfismo GSTP1 – BsmA1. Ao combinar os genótipos considerados de risco dos três genes, não observamos associações com um genótipo de risco (OR= 1,28; IC 95%=0,61 – 2,70), mas encontramos associação com dois ou três genótipos (OR= 2,94; IC 95%=1,21 – 7,16). Na análise dos parâmetros clínicos (idade da menarca, idade da menopausa, tempo entre menarca e menopausa, tempo de uso de pílulas anticoncepcionais, número de filhos e idade da primeira gravidez), encontramos diferenças entre pacientes e controles quanto à idade média da menarca (t= 6,43; P0,01 para o gene GSTP1) e média do tempo entre menarca e menopausa (t= 2,18; P>0,02 para o gene CYP1A1 e t= 2,16; P>0,02 para o gene GSTP1). A análise dos parâmetros histopatológicos (grau histológico do tumor, envolvimento de linfonodos e tamanho do tumor) não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os subgrupos considerados de risco e as pacientes homozigotas selvagens para cada um dos genes estudados. Portanto, uma interação entre os genes em estudo pode estar influenciando o risco ao câncer de mama, assim como alguns dos parâmetros clínicos analisados. Para corroborar estes e os outros resultados do trabalho, torna-se importante a ampliação da amostra utilizada

    Population analysis of xenobiotic metabolizing genes in South Brazilian Euro and Afro-descendants

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    Individual variability in xenobiotic metabolism has been associated with susceptibility to developing complex diseases. Genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism have been evaluated in association studies; the difficulty of obtaining accurate gene frequencies in mixed populations makes interpretation of the results difficult. We sought to estimate population parameters for the cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase gene families, thus contributing to studies using these genes as markers. We describe the frequencies of six genes (CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and estimate population parameters in 115 Euro-descendants and 196 Afro-descendants from Curitiba, South of Brazil. PCR-based methods were used for genotyping, and statistical analysis were performed by AMOVA with ARLEQUIN software. The mutant allele frequencies in the Afro-descendants and Euro-descendants, respectively, were: CYP1A1*2A = 30.1% and 15.2%; CYP2D6*4 = 14.5% and 21.5%; CYP2E1*5B = 7.9% and 5%; GSTP1*B = 37.8% and 28.3%. The null genotype frequencies were: GSTM1*0 = 36.8% and 46.1%; GSTT1*0 = 24.2% and 17.4%

    Alterações cromossômicas inesperadas em Tayassu tajacu (Artiodactyla: tayassuidae) de cativeiros

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    Wild animals have been used as bioindicators in situations in which the environment was exposed to chemical agents. In general, chemical agents may induce chromosomal aberrations, such as breaks and gaps. The peccary, Tayassu tajacu is a pig relative that exhibits a very stable karyotype with the only described alterations being of the form of the X chromosome. Chromosomal gaps and breaks were observed at high frequencies during cytogenetics analyses. These alterations were observed in the chromosomes autossomics. Reviews of the literature and of the data described herein suggests that an vermifuge, the ivermectin base, was the most likely cause of these chromosomal alterations.Os animais silvestres têm sido utilizados como bioindicadores quando o ambiente é exposto a estressores químicos. Em geral, os agentes químicos podem induzir às alterações cromossômicas dos tipos falhas e quebras. Tayassu tajacu, é uma espécie aparentada dos porcos verdadeiro e apresenta uma grande estabilidade cariotípica. As únicas alterações descritas são em relação a forma do cromossomo X. Foram observadas falhas e quebras cromossômicas durante as análise citogenética. Estas alterações foram detectadas em cromossomos autossômicos. Levantamentos realizados na literatura associados as dados observados nos exemplares estudados, indicam um vermífugo, a base de ivermectina, como o possível causador dessas alterações cromossômicas

    FANCD2 and BRCA1 have differential expression among the FA-BRCA genes in primary breast cancer/ Expressão diferencial de FANCD2 e BRCA1 no câncer de mama primário

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    The molecular pathways of DNA repair in tumors may play a role in tailoring patient therapy. The Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway operates in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslink induced by several chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study we evaluated the expression of Fanconi anemia DNA repair genes (FANCA, C, D2, F, BRCA1 and PALB2) in 46 primary breast tumors and ten non-compromised breast samples, by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR, and to correlated gene expression with breast cancer subtypes and clinico-pathological parameters. Tumor samples were classified in subtypes based on immunohistochemistry markers, and clinico-pathological parameters were obtained from the medical reports. FANCD2 was twice more expressed in tumors than in the non-compromised group (p= 0.02). BRCA1 showed a differential expression in the luminal group, three times less expressed in Luminal-B than in Luminal-A group (p= 0.01). In conclusion, the higher level of expression of FANCD2 in tumors may indicate activation of the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, which has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis and in chemotherapeutic resistance. The loss of BRCA1 expression in the Luminal-B group may indicate that the use of cisplatin-based neo/adjuvant therapies is preferable, and that the use of taxol-based therapies should be avoided due to the risk of drug resistance

    Characterization of MTAP gene expression in breast cancer patients and cell lines

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    MTAP is a ubiquitously expressed gene important for adenine and methionine salvage. The gene is located at 9p21, a chromosome region often deleted in breast carcinomas, similar to CDKN2A, a recognized tumor suppressor gene. Several research groups have shown that MTAP acts as a tumor suppressor, and some therapeutic approaches were proposed based on a tumors\ub4 MTAP status. We analyzed MTAP and CDKN2A gene (RT-qPCR) and protein (western-blotting) expression in seven breast cancer cell lines and evaluated their promoter methylation patterns to better characterize the contribution of these genes to breast cancer. Cytotoxicity assays with inhibitors of de novo adenine synthesis (5-FU, AZA and MTX) after MTAP gene knockdown showed an increased sensitivity, mainly to 5-FU. MTAP expression was also evaluated in two groups of samples from breast cancer patients, fresh tumors and paired normal breast tissue, and from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) core breast cancer samples diagnosed as Luminal-A tumors and triple negative breast tumors (TNBC). The difference of MTAP expression between fresh tumors and normal tissues was not statistically significant. However, MTAP expression was significantly higher in Luminal-A breast tumors than in TNBC, suggesting the lack of expression in more aggressive breast tumors and the possibility of using the new approaches based on MTAP status in TNB
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