Selección de un método para la conservación y preservación de actinomicetos aislados del suelo del Jardín Botánico de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Los microorganismos son los seres más primitivos y numerosos que existen en la Tierra, colonizan todo ambiente: suelo, agua y aire, participan de forma vital en todos los ecosistemas y están en interacción continua con las plantas, los animales y el hombre. Son clave para el funcionamiento de los sistemas biológicos y el mantenimiento de la vida sobre el planeta, pues participan en procesos metabólicos, ecológicos y biotecnológicos de los cuales depende sobrevivir y afrontar los desafíos del futuro, como lo son: alta demanda de alimentos, producción de medicamentos y mitigar el impacto ambiental por medio de desarrollo biotecnológico. (Montaño N, Sandoval A. Camargo S, Sánchez J., 2010). Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que se le ha dado a los actinomicetos, se busca obtener una manera apropiada de mantener estos microorganismos, la preservación de cepas microbianas no es tarea fácil y debe garantizar la viabilidad, pureza y estabilidad genética de los cultivos, características que coinciden con los objetivos de un buen método de conservación. (García MD 2000) y (Floccari M 1998). El método de preservación y conservación que se elija debe garantizar la supervivencia de al menos el 70 % de las células por un período considerable de tiempo, de forma tal que la población sobreviviente se asemeje a la original como sea posible, conserve las propiedades de importancia de los cultivos. De igual manera debe reducir al mínimo el riesgo de contaminación y permitir que la pureza del cultivo permanezca inalterable. (Castro G, Hernández JT 2000) y (Smith D, Green P, Day J 2000)

Clinical and etiological characterization of a sam-ple of children and adults with dysphagia treated in two healthcare centers in Medellín/Colombia: a retrospective study

Introduction: Dysphagia is a frequent disorder throughout the life cycle, which has different etiolo-gies in relation to its clinical type in oropharyngeal or esophageal.Objective: Clinical and etiological characterization of a sample with dysphagia attended in two health care centers in the city of Medellín (Colombia), showing the etiology and clinical type of dysphagia according to age groups. Methods: Observational, descriptive, and retrospective study, through the review and analysis of and clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of dysphagia, treated between 2012 and 2018 in a university hospital and a speech therapy center in swallowing. Results: Sample of 527 patients. Distributed in tho-se under 18 years 45.4% (239/527); 18 to 59: 20.1% (106/527) and over 60: 34.5% (182/527). Clinical type, etiology, and most frequent health condition in the entire sample: oropharyngeal dysphagia, functional etiology, and neurological diseases. The most frequent conditions causing dysphagia in children under 18 years of age were childhood development disorders; group 18 to 59 years, cancer and, in those over 60 years of age, neurodegenerative processes. Conclusion: Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to functional etiology is common throughout the life cycle, and neurological diseases seem to largely explain its pathophysiology. In older adults it is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, and in those under 60 years of age (including children) the etiology is diverse. Its causes and clinical characteristics must be considered for promotion, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation processes

Cátedra abierta de la interculturalidad en territorios de paz : capítulo 1: semillas, alimentos y comida. Una lectura intercultural

CD-T 306.4 S55; 146 p CD-T 306.4 S55c; 142 pEl proyecto catedra abierta de la interculturalidad de la Universidad Libre construye escenarios de paz para la construcción de nuestra identidad nacional en tres municipios : La Virginia, Mistrató, Pereira; hoy se logra llegar a estos tres municipios y con estos se inicia el camino de la mano de niñas y niños de centros educativas urbanos y rurales; el sector educativo caracterizó el inicio histórico y el tema pre-texto fue: las semillas, los alimentos y la comida, tema qué esta propuesto desde el primer encuentro intercultural realizado en el municipio de Mistrató, con la participación activa de comunidades nativas y del fundador de la catedra el TAITA JAVIER CALAMBAS, de la comunidad indígena MISAK del Cauca. El proceso de la catedra se orientó con la metodología MARDIC, la cual propicio la participación activa de grupos organizados denominados grupos focales.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereir

The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Comment: Accepted to ApJ

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : targeting and first spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Selenium in Germinated Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Increases the Stability of Its Oil Fraction

Selenium is an essential mineral in human nutrition. In order to assess its effect on the stability of chickpea oil, seeds were germinated and tested with different amounts of sodium selenite (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/100g seeds) for four days. Oil was extracted from sprouted chickpea and its physical properties, fatty acid profile (FAME), oxidative stability index (OSI), lipase and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and phenolics and carotenoids were assessed and compared to chickpea seed oil. The amount of chickpea oil and its acid value (AV) increased during germination. The OSI increased by 28%, 46% and 14% for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/100g compared with non-selenium treated sprouts. Phenolics increased up to 36% and carotenoids reduced by half in germinated sprouts with and without selenium compared to seeds. Carotenoids increased by 16% in sprouts treated with 1.0 mg/100 g selenium compared to their counterparts without selenium. FAME was not affected by treatments but samples with the highest selenium concentration increased lipase activity by 19% and decreased lipoxygenase activity by 55% compared with untreated sprouts. The CAA of oils increased by 43% to 66% in all germinated treatments compared with seeds. Results suggest that Se-enriched chickpea sprouts could represent an excellent source of oil with a high OSI and CAA, associated with a reduction in LOX activity and an increase in phenolics, respectively

Ensino e avaliação formativa das artes visuais com suportes virtuais

This investigation article brings together the research Avatares, led by the Grupo Hipertrópico: Convergencia entre Arte y Tecnología, and with the support of the Area de Investigación y Propuestas (aip) of the Departamento de Artes Visuales of the Facultad de Artes de la Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). The objective is to develop a pedagogical strategy that integrates conceptual, artistic, didactic, and methodological considerations towards the implementation of a virtual platform to support face-to-face teaching; as well as the construction and dissemination of knowledge in the research-creation processes of the Talleres de Integrado y Grado of the aip. For this, actions aimed at the conceptual and normative diagnosis were implemented, the design of pedagogical and didactic components, and the generation of processes of awareness, socialization, documentation, and archiving, were implemented through the action-participatory research methodology. The results are condensed in the Avatars pedagogical strategy document, as a proposal to update the central concepts of the area and the evaluation processes, based on the concept of formative evaluation, to guarantee the communication and participation of the academic community. The architecture and contents of the first stage of the aic Platform were also designed, and a pilot and open access repository was created using the Graph Commons platform, with relevant references to the artistic field. In conclusion, the research suggests continuous reflection on new methodologies for teaching and learning of the plastic arts, mediated by ict; in which the formative evaluation constitutes a methodological element that enhances the research-creation processes.Este artículo de investigación reúne la información Avatares,1 liderada por el Grupo Hipertrópico: Convergencia entre Arte y Tecnología, con apoyo del Área de Investigación y Propuestas (aip) del Departamento de Artes Visuales de la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). El objetivo es desarrollar una estrategia pedagógica que integre consideraciones conceptuales, artísticas, didácticas y metodológicas hacia la implementación de una plataforma virtual de apoyo a la docencia presencial; así como la construcción y difusión del conocimiento en los procesos de investigación-creación de los Talleres de Integrado y Grado del aip. Así, se implementaron acciones orientadas al diagnóstico conceptual y normativo, el diseño de componentes pedagógicos y didácticos, y la generación de procesos de sensibilización, socialización, documentación y archivo, mediante la metodología Investigación-Acción Participativa. Los resultados se condensan en el documento Estrategia pedagógica Avatares, como propuesta de actualización de los conceptos centrales del área y de los procesos evaluativos, a partir del concepto de evaluación formativa, para facilitar la comunicación y la participación de la comunidad académica. Se hizo además el diseño de la arquitectura y los contenidos de la primera etapa de la Plataforma aic, y mediante la plataforma Graph Commons, un repositorio piloto y de acceso abierto. En conclusión, la investigación sugiere la reflexión continua frente a nuevas metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las artes plásticas, mediadas por las tic; en las cuales la evaluación formativa constituye un elemento metodológico que potencia los procesos de investigación-creación.Este artigo de pesquisa reúne a informação Avatares, liderada pelo Grupo Hipertrópico: Convergênciaentre Arte e Tecnologia, com o apoio da Área de Investigação e Propostas (aip) do Departamento deArtes Visuales da Faculdade de Artes da Universidade de Antioquia (Medellín, Colômbia). O objetivodo texto é desenvolver uma estratégia pedagógica que integre considerações conceituais, artísticas,didáticas e metodológicas para a implementação de uma plataforma virtual de apoio à docênciapresencial ; bem como a construção e difusão do conhecimento nos processos de investigação-criaçãodas Oficinas Integradas e o Nivel da aip. Assim, foram implementadas ações voltadas ao diagnósticoconceitual e normativo, ao desenho de componentes pedagógicos e didáticos e à geração de processosde conscientização, socialização, documentação e arquivamento, por meio da metodologia dePesquisa-Ação Participativa. Os resultados estão condensados no documento de Estratégia pedagógicados Avatares, como proposta de atualização dos conceitos centrais da área e dos processos avaliativos,a partir do conceito de avaliação formativa, para garantir os processos de comunicação e participaçãoda comunidade acadêmica. Também, foram elaborados a arquitetura e os conteúdos da primeira etapada Plataforma aic, e a través da plataforma Graph Commons, um repositório piloto e de acesso aberto.Em conclusão, com referências relevantes para a área artística. Em conclusão, a pesquisa sugere umareflexão contínua sobre novas metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem das artes plásticas, mediadaspelas tic, em que a avaliação formativa constitui um elemento metodológico que potencializa osprocessos de investigação-criação

Actinomicetos aislados del suelo del Jardín botánico de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Partiendo del importante papel que desempeñan los microorganismos, especialmente las Rizobacterias denominadas Actinomicetos, en la salud y sostenibilidad del suelo, se realizó una identificación parcial de diferentes tipos de actinomicetos aislados del suelo del Jardín Botánico de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (JBUTP), según género apoyándose en la Clave Taxonómica de Bergey, dando como resultado los siguientes posibles géneros: Nocardia, Actinopolyspora, Streptomyces, Thermonospora, Micromonospora, Actinobispora; presentándose en mayor porcentaje, los géneros Nocardia y Streptomyce

Metabolism and anticancer mechanisms of selocompounds: Comprehensive review

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with several functions in cellular and molecular anticancer processes. There is evidence that Se depending on its chemical form and the dosage use could act as a modulator in some anticancer mechanisms. However, the metabolism of organic and inorganic forms of dietary selenium converges on the main pathways. Different selenocompounds have been reported to have crucial roles as chemopreventive agents, such as antioxidant activity, activation of apoptotic pathways, selective cytotoxicity, antiangiogenic effect, and cell cycle modulation. Nowadays, great interest has arisen to find therapies that could enhance the antitumor effects of different Se sources. Herein, different studies are reported related to the effects of combinatorial therapies, where Se is used in combination with proteins, polysaccharides, chemotherapeutic agents or as nanoparticles. Another important factor is the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes related to Se metabolism or selenoprotein synthesis which could prevent cancer. These studies and mechanisms show promising results in cancer therapies. This review aims to compile studies that have demonstrated the anticancer effects of Se at molecular levels and its potential to be used as chemopreventive and in cancer treatment.This research was supported by the Nutriomics y Tecnologías Emergentes Research Chair Funds from Tecnológico de Monterrey, the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas through the i-Link Program (LINKB20023), and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the PID2019-106071RB-I00 project. The scholarships of Juan Pablo Dávila Vega (CVU-1006860), Ana Carolina Gastélum Hernández (CVU-703109), and Sayra Nayely Serrano Sandoval (CVU-737636) were provided by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT).Peer reviewe