The Effect of Rate and Source of Nitrogen and Cutting System on Bromegrass

An objective of this research was to study the effects of three N fertilizers, including a slowly available N source, on the growth of a cool-season grass. The effect of cutting systems on the productivity of this grass was also studied to better evaluate the effect of N treatments. Factors examined were: dry matter produced, percent crude protein of the forage, forage mineral composition, and plant nitrogen uptake. Cool-season grass production is influenced by many factors; among these are the stage of growth at harvest and the amount and source of nitrogen (n) fertilizer applied. These factors will be discussed in terms of their effect on forage quantity in the following review

Paper Session III-B - In-Space Operations Driven Mars Transfer Vehicle System

Mars transfer vehicles (MTV\u27s) using nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) to reduce transit time introduce a new dimension in the design for in-space operations. The objective of the paper is to define practical concepts based on a set of design-for-operation strategies. An artificial-g MTV using NTP is characterized in this study. Manifests of MTV elements for the heavy lift launch vehicles (HLLV\u27s) are shown to affect in-space assembly and maintenance requirements. A main goal is to minimize EVA operations during the assembly of a MTV in Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO). Self-build, self-build/ depot hybrid, free-flyer robotic spacecrafts, build-up by lunar vehicles, and construction platform are concepts investigated. Maintainability analysis indicates that the self-build/ depot hybrid concept is optimum over the self- build and platform concept

A New Approach to Non-CMA/CA Areas

Non-metropolitan areas in Canada are often simply referred as rural Canada, without enough attention paid to their inner differences. The Metropolitan Influence Zones (MIZ) conceptual framework allows us to divide non-metropolitan areas into No Metropolitan Influence Zone (No MIZ), Weak Metropolitan Influence Zone (Weak MIZ), and Moderate Metropolitan Influence Zone (Moderate MIZ), according to the commuting flows to and from metropolitan areas. Analyses on New Brunswick show that the nonmetropolitan population are economically disadvantaged overall compared to metropolitan population. However, there are substantial differences within nonmetropolitan areas. Population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone do not appear to be the most disadvantaged economically. In so far as the No Metropolitan Zone may be regarded as the most rural, this casts doubt on the conventional wisdom regarding "rural" as the synonym of socio-economic disadvantage. In fact, the urban population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone is shown to be the most disadvantaged economically. The pattern in Saskatchewan is quite different from New Brunswick. In general, median family income decreases, unemployment rate and incidence of low income families increase as the influence of metropolitan areas decreases. Together with the findings concerning New Brunswick, it is clear that non-metropolitan Canada is anything but homogeneous. More research is needed to bring out this diversity so that social policies can be better tailored to the needs of non-metropolitan Canadian population.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

A Short Guide To Material Speculation: Actual Artifacts For Critical Inquiry

Speculative and fictional approaches have long been implemented in human-computer interaction and design techniques through scenarios, prototypes, forecasting, and envisionments. Recently, speculative and critical design approaches have reflectively explored and questioned possible, and preferable futures in HCI research. We propose a complementary concept – material speculation – that utilizes actual and situated design artifacts in the everyday as a site of critical inquiry. We see the literary theory of possible worlds and the related concept of the counterfactual as informative to this work. We briefly present three examples of interaction design artifacts that can be viewed as material speculations.&nbsp

Material Speculation: Actual Artifacts for Critical Inquiry

Speculative and fictional approaches have long been implemented in human-computer interaction and design techniques through scenarios, prototypes, forecasting, and envisionments. Recently, speculative and critical design approaches have reflectively explored and questioned possible, and preferable futures in HCI research. We propose a complementary concept – material speculation – that utilizes actual and situated design artifacts in the everyday as a site of critical inquiry. We see the literary theory of possible worlds and the related concept of the counterfactual as informative to this work. We present five examples of interaction design artifacts that can be viewed as material speculations. We conclude with a discussion of characteristics of material speculations and their implications for future design-oriented research.&nbsp

Sustainability and Maturation of School Turnaround: A Multiyear Evaluation of Tennessee’s Achievement School District and Local Innovation Zones

Recent evaluations of reforms to improve low-performing schools have almost exclusively focused on shorter term effects. In this study, we extend the literature by examining the sustainability and maturation of two turnaround models in Tennessee: the state-led Achievement School District (ASD) and district-led local Innovation Zones (iZones). Using difference-in-differences models, we find overall positive effects on student achievement in iZone schools and null effects in ASD schools. Additional findings suggest a linkage between staff turnover and the effectiveness of reforms. ASD schools experienced high staff turnover in every cohort, and iZone schools faced high turnover in its latest cohort, the only one with negative effects. We discuss how differences in the ASD and iZone interventions may help explain variation in the schools’ ability to recruit and retain effective teachers and principals