A Data Model and Processing Environment for Ocean-Wide Bathymetric Data Compilations

The compilation of ocean-wide digital bathymetric models (DBM) requires specific features of the bathymetric data storage and great flexibility of the data processing chain. In this article a solution based upon a spatial relational database management system and a Geographical Information System front end is introduced, which will eventually serve the compilation of a new DBM of the North Atlantic Ocean. As shown in a preliminary case study, the abundance of sounding data-both single beam and multibeam-available in that area to date bears an extremely high potential to derive a DBM with much greater accuracy and resolution than the DBMs commonly used today.La compilacion de modelos batimetricos digitales oceanicos requiere caracterfsticas especfficas de almacenamiento de datos batimetricos y una gran flexibilidad en la cadena de procesamiento de datos. En este articulo se presenta una solucion basada en un sistema de administracion de una base de datos relacionales espaciales y se introduce un Sistema de Informacion Geografica, que servira finalmente para la compilacion de un nuevo Modelo Batimetrico Digital del Oceano Atlantica Norte. Tal y como se muestra en un estudio de un caso preliminar, la abundancia de datos de sondeos - tanto multihaz como monohaz - disponibles actualmente en esa zona ofrecen un potencial extremadamente alto para alcanzar un Modelo Batimetrico Digital con mayor precision y resolucion que los modelos utilizados comunmente hoy en dia.La compilation des modeles bathymetriques numeriques (DBM) des oceans necessite des elements specifiques du stockage des donnees bathymetriques et une grande flexibilite de la chaine de traitement des donnees. Dans cet article, une solution reposant sur le systeme de gestion de la base de donnees relationnelle et un systeme d'information geographique frontal sont introduits, ce qui servira en fin de compte a la compilation d'un nouveau systeme DBM de l'ocean atlantique nord septentrional. Comme indique dans l'etude de cas preliminaire, le grand nombre de donnees de sondage, a la fois monofaisceau et multifaisceaux, disponible dans cette zone, constitue a ce jour un potentiet tres eteve pour la mise au point d'un DBM avec une exactitude et une resolution bien superieures a celle aujourd'hui des DBMs en service dans ces jours

A New Bathymetry Model for the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a good example of a marine region with a complex coincidence of inter-ests ranging from research, administration, environmental protection and exploration. Detailed bathymetry data is necessary for many applications in these fields, and can be used for much more than ensuring safety of navigation at sea. The Baltic Sea Bathymetry Database (BSBD) has been developed to provide a harmonized bathymetry grid of the Baltic Sea, from survey data provided by the surrounding hydrographic offices. In this article we discuss the background on the BSBD production, and its reception by the public after its release.El Mar Báltico es un buen ejemplo de región marina con una compleja coincidencia de intereses, que incluyen la investigación, la administración, la protección y la exploración del medio ambiente. Los datos detallados de batimetría son necesarios para muchas aplicaciones en estos campos, y pueden ser utilizados para mucho más que para garantizar la seguridad de la navegación en el mar. Se ha desarrollado una Base de Datos de Batimetría del Mar Báltico (BSBD) para proporcionar una retícula de batimetría armonizada del Mar Báltico, a partir de los datos de levantamientos proporcionados por los servicios hidrográficos circundantes. En este artículo discutimos las bases de los antecedentes de la producción de la BSBD, y respecto de su recepción por el público después de su publicación.La mer Baltique est un bel exemple de région maritime ayant une convergence d’intérêts complexe couvrant la recherche, l’administration, la protection et l’exploration environne-mentales. Des données bathymétriques détaillées sont nécessaires pour de nombreuses applications dans ces domaines et peuvent être utilisées à bien d’autres fins que pour assurer la sécurité de la navigation maritime. La base de données bathymétrique de la mer Baltique (BSBD) a été élaborée pour fournir un quadrillage bathymétrique harmonisé de la mer Baltique, à partir des données des levés fournies par les services hydrographiques riverains. Dans l’article qui suit, nous présentons l’historique de la production de la BSBD, et son accueil par le public, après publication

Optimizing Apparent Display Resolution Enhancement for Arbitrary Videos

Display resolution is frequently exceeded by available image resolution. Recently, apparent display resolution enhancement techniques (ADRE) have demonstrated how characteristics of the human visual system can be exploited to provide super-resolution on high refresh rate displays. In this paper we address the problem of generalizing the apparent display resolution enhancement technique to conventional videos of arbitrary content. We propose an optimization-based approach to continuously translate the video frames in such a way that the added motion enables apparent resolution enhancement for the salient image region. The optimization takes the optimal velocity, smoothness and similarity into account to compute an appropriate trajectory. Additionally, we provide an intuitive user interface which allows to guide the algorithm interactively and preserve important compositions within the video. We present a user study evaluating apparent rendering quality and demonstrate versatility of our method on a variety of general test scenes.Aktuelle Kameras sind in der Lage, Videos mit sehr hoher Auflösung aufzunehmen (> 4K Pixel). Monitore, Fernseher und Projektoren haben jedoch meist eine deutlich niedrigere Auflösung (FullHD). Bei der Darstellung hochaufgelöster Videos auf diesen Geräten gehen durch das nötige Herrunterrechnen der Videodaten feine Details verloren, z.B. Haare oder die Pigmentierung von Oberflächenmaterialien. Es wird ein Verfahren präsentiert, welches die Darstellung eines beliebigen Videos mit einer Auflösung ermöglicht, die perzeptuell höher ist als die Auflösung des Ausgabegerätes

The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 3.0

[1] The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a wide range of Arctic science activities, for example, by providing constraint for ocean circulation models and the means to define and formulate hypotheses about the geologic origin of Arctic undersea features. IBCAO Version 3.0 represents the largest improvement since 1999 taking advantage of new data sets collected by the circum-Arctic nations, opportunistic data collected from fishing vessels, data acquired from US Navy submarines and from research ships of various nations. Built using an improved gridding algorithm, this new grid is on a 500 meter spacing, revealing much greater details of the Arctic seafloor than IBCAO Version 1.0 (2.5 km) and Version 2.0 (2.0 km). The area covered by multibeam surveys has increased from ∼6% in Version 2.0 to ∼11% in Version 3.0

Projective center point and Tverberg theorems

We present projective versions of the center point theorem and Tverberg's theorem, interpolating between the original and the so-called "dual" center point and Tverberg theorems. Furthermore we give a common generalization of these and many other known (transversal, constraint, dual, and colorful) Tverberg type results in a single theorem, as well as some essentially new results about partitioning measures in projective space.Comment: 10 page

Three-Dimensional, Tomographic Super-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging of Serially Sectioned Thick Samples

Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of thick tissue samples with near-molecular resolution remains a fundamental challenge in the life sciences. To tackle this, we developed tomoSTORM, an approach combining single-molecule localization-based super-resolution microscopy with array tomography of structurally intact brain tissue. Consecutive sections organized in a ribbon were serially imaged with a lateral resolution of 28 nm and an axial resolution of 40 nm in tissue volumes of up to 50 µm×50 µm×2.5 µm. Using targeted expression of membrane bound (m)GFP and immunohistochemistry at the calyx of Held, a model synapse for central glutamatergic neurotransmission, we delineated the course of the membrane and fine-structure of mitochondria. This method allows multiplexed super-resolution imaging in large tissue volumes with a resolution three orders of magnitude better than confocal microscopy

Model Convolution: A Computational Approach to Digital Image Interpretation

Digital fluorescence microscopy is commonly used to track individual proteins and their dynamics in living cells. However, extracting molecule-specific information from fluorescence images is often limited by the noise and blur intrinsic to the cell and the imaging system. Here we discuss a method called “model-convolution,” which uses experimentally measured noise and blur to simulate the process of imaging fluorescent proteins whose spatial distribution cannot be resolved. We then compare model-convolution to the more standard approach of experimental deconvolution. In some circumstances, standard experimental deconvolution approaches fail to yield the correct underlying fluorophore distribution. In these situations, model-convolution removes the uncertainty associated with deconvolution and therefore allows direct statistical comparison of experimental and theoretical data. Thus, if there are structural constraints on molecular organization, the model-convolution method better utilizes information gathered via fluorescence microscopy, and naturally integrates experiment and theory

Extensive Regulation of Diurnal Transcription and Metabolism by Glucocorticoids.

Altered daily patterns of hormone action are suspected to contribute to metabolic disease. It is poorly understood how the adrenal glucocorticoid hormones contribute to the coordination of daily global patterns of transcription and metabolism. Here, we examined diurnal metabolite and transcriptome patterns in a zebrafish glucocorticoid deficiency model by RNA-Seq, NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-based methods. We observed dysregulation of metabolic pathways including glutaminolysis, the citrate and urea cycles and glyoxylate detoxification. Constant, non-rhythmic glucocorticoid treatment rescued many of these changes, with some notable exceptions among the amino acid related pathways. Surprisingly, the non-rhythmic glucocorticoid treatment rescued almost half of the entire dysregulated diurnal transcriptome patterns. A combination of E-box and glucocorticoid response elements is enriched in the rescued genes. This simple enhancer element combination is sufficient to drive rhythmic circadian reporter gene expression under non-rhythmic glucocorticoid exposure, revealing a permissive function for the hormones in glucocorticoid-dependent circadian transcription. Our work highlights metabolic pathways potentially contributing to morbidity in patients with glucocorticoid deficiency, even under glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Moreover, we provide mechanistic insight into the interaction between the circadian clock and glucocorticoids in the transcriptional regulation of metabolism