Polyaniliiniemäksen liukoisuus

Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli selvittää polyaniliinin emäsmuodon rakenteen ja sen liukoisuuden välistä suhdetta. Tavoitteena oli myös etsiä keinoja, joilla päästäisiin tuotteen hyvään liukoisuuteen sekä analyysimenetelmiä, joita voitaisiin käyttää laaduntarkkailun apuvälineinä teollisuudessa. Tutkimuksessa tuli ilmi puhalluskuivauksessa tapahtuva polymeerin silloittuminen ja hapetusasteen kasvaminen. Laadun kannalta nämä ovat merkittäviä asioita, sillä silloittuneiden tuotteiden liukoisuus oli huonompi kuin silloittumattomien. Karakterisoinnissa oleellisimmat analyysimenetelmät olivat optinen mikroskopia liukoisuuskokeissa, geelikromatografia, liuosviskositeetin määritys sekä NMR- ja IR-spektroskopia. Lisäksi käytettiin hyväksi muutamia muita menetelmiä, kuten ominaispinta-alan määritystä, laajakulmaröntgendiffraktiota ja dynaamista valonsirontaa. Polyaniliinin kuivausta simuloitiin laboratoriomittakaavan laitteistolla. Tulosten perusteella todettiin, että mitä suurempi polymeerin moolimassa oli, sitä huonommin se liukeni. Toisaalta havaittiin, että mitä enemmän ketjussa oli imiinisiä, kaksoissidoksellisia typpiatomeja, sitä huonompi oli liukoisuus. Koska sekä moolimassan että hapetusasteen todettiin kasvavan puhalluskuivauksessa, kuivaus suositeltiin tehtäväksi tyhjöuunissa 40 °C:een lämpötilassa (vakuumitaso 10[-2] mbar). Työssä todettiin myös, että kaikkien tutkittujen näytteiden hapetusasteet olivat nigraniliinin tasolla (75 %:sti hapettunut PANI), vaikka aikaisemman kokemuksen perusteella polymeerien oletettiin olevan emeraldiinia (50 %:sti hapettunut PANI). Laaduntarkkailun apuvälineiksi sopivia analyysimenetelmiä ovat liukoisuuskokeet N-metyyli-2-pyrrolidonissa, johon on lisätty 0,2 mol/1 litiumkloridia, liuosviskositeetin määritys rikkihappoliuoksissa 0,1 p-%:n polymeeripitoisuudella sekä IR-spektroskopia hapetusasteen selvittämiseksi

Critical review of allocation rules : the case of Finnish rainbow trout

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Hunting for Finnish Hops: Are They Indeed Growing in That North And How Do They Look Like?

Posteri201

Profiling Finnish Polar Hops - Are They Native And How Do They Look Like?

Posteritiivistelmä on julkaistu Maataloustieteen päivien 2018 Abstraktikirjassa s. 279 http://www.smts.fi/sites/smts.fi/files/MTP2018_Abstraktikirja.pd

Time related Characteristics of cardiac systole, diastole, baroreeeptor activity and inactivity during vagal stimulation and mild haemorrhage in the dog

The duration of cardiac systole and diastole in each individual cardiac cycle were measured from aortic pressure curves during vagal stimulation and mild haemorrhage with simultaneous recording of aortic baroreceptor single fibre nerve activity. The duration of cardiac diastole was highly correlated with the duration of cardiac cycle in all the interventions. The correlation coefficient between the duration of cardiac systole and the duration of cardiac cycle was not as high as that between the duration of cardiac cycle and cardiac diastole. A highly linear correlation also existed between the duration of cardiac cycle and the duration of baroreceptor inactivity time. The same was true when the duration of baroreceptor inactivity time was compared with the duration of cardiac diastole. It is concluded that the duration of baroreceptor inactivity time may inform the central nervous system about heart rate

Antiarrhythmic drug therapy among patients presenting to emergency department with symptomatic atrial fibrillation - a prospective nationwide cohort

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that causes numerous visits to emergency departments (ED). The aim of the FinFib2 study was to evaluate whether treatment of patients with AF in ED is consistent with the contemporary European Society of Cardiology (ESC) management guidelines. Here we report the results of antiarrhythmic drug therapy (AAD) in ED. Methods: All patients within the two-week study period whose primary reason for the ED visit was symptomatic AF were included into this prospective multicentre study. Comprehensive data on factors contributing to the treatment of AF were collected, including a data of previous use of ADDs, and changes made for them during a visit in ED. Results: The study population consisted of 1013 consecutive patients (mean age 70 +/- 13 years, 47.6% female). The mean European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) symptom score was 2.2 +/- 0.8. Rhythm control strategy was opt for 498 (63.8%) and 140 (64.5%) patients with previously and newly diagnosed AF, respectively. In patients with previously diagnosed AF the most frequently used AAD was a beta blocker (80.9%). Prior use of class I (11.4%) and III (9.1%) AADs as well as start or adjustment of their dosage (7.4%) were uncommon. Most of the patients with newly diagnosed AF were prescribed a beta blocker (71.0%) or a calcium channel antagonist (24.0%), and only two of them received class I or class III AADs. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that in patients presenting to the ED with recurrent symptomatic AF and aimed for rhythm control strategy, the use of class I and class III AADs was rare despite ESC guideline recommendations. It is possible that early adaptation of a more aggressive rhythm control strategy might improve a quality of life for symptomatic patients and alleviate the ED burden associated with AF. Beta blockers were used by majority of patients as rate control therapy both in rate and rhythm control groups.Peer reviewe

Associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and asthma symptoms in adolescents

Background: The high prevalence of children's asthma symptoms, worldwide, is unexplained. We examined the relation between maternal pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI), and asthma symptoms in adolescents. Methods: Data from 6945 adolescents born within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 were used. Prospective antenatal and birth outcome data, including maternal pre-pregnancy weight and BMI, and asthma symptoms in adolescent offspring at age 15–16 years, were employed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between relevant prenatal factors and asthma symptoms during adolescence. Results: Current wheeze (within the past year) was reported by 10.6% of adolescents, and physician-diagnosed asthma by 6.0%. High maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was a significant predictor of wheeze in the adolescents (increase per kilogram per square metre unit; 2.7%, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.4 for ever wheeze; 3.5%, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.8 for current wheeze), and adjusting for potential confounders further increased the risk (2.8%, 95% CI 0.5 to 5.1; 4.7%, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.7, respectively). High maternal pre-pregnancy weight, in the top tertile, also significantly increased the odds of current wheeze in the adolescent by 20% (95% CI 4 to 39), and adjusting for potential confounders further increased the risk (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.95). Results were similar for current asthma. Furthermore, these significant associations were observed only among adolescents without parental history of atopy but not among those with parental history of atopy. Conclusions: The association demonstrated here between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, and asthma symptoms in adolescents suggests that increase in asthma may be partly related to the rapid rise in obesity in recent years

Document retrieval on repetitive string collections

Most of the fastest-growing string collections today are repetitive, that is, most of the constituent documents are similar to many others. As these collections keep growing, a key approach to handling them is to exploit their repetitiveness, which can reduce their space usage by orders of magnitude. We study the problem of indexing repetitive string collections in order to perform efficient document retrieval operations on them. Document retrieval problems are routinely solved by search engines on large natural language collections, but the techniques are less developed on generic string collections. The case of repetitive string collections is even less understood, and there are very few existing solutions. We develop two novel ideas, interleaved LCPs and precomputed document lists, that yield highly compressed indexes solving the problem of document listing (find all the documents where a string appears), top-k document retrieval (find the k documents where a string appears most often), and document counting (count the number of documents where a string appears). We also show that a classical data structure supporting the latter query becomes highly compressible on repetitive data. Finally, we show how the tools we developed can be combined to solve ranked conjunctive and disjunctive multi-term queries under the simple model of relevance. We thoroughly evaluate the resulting techniques in various real-life repetitiveness scenarios, and recommend the best choices for each case.Peer reviewe

Comparison of EQ-5D and 15D instruments for assessing the health-related quality of life in cardiac surgery patients

Peer reviewe