Amélioration génétique de la moutarde brune (Brassica juncea) : Apports du marquage moléculaire pour la création de génotypes de type hiver

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Analysis by Raman spectroscopy of the conformational structure of whey proteins constituting fouling deposits during the processing in a heat exchanger

International audienceWhey protein fouling deposits generated on the hot wall downstream a plate heat exchanger were analyzed by micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS) carried out in the 800-1800 cm(-1) range. Deposits were formed using a model beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) fouling solution which was made using a whey protein isolate powder (89 wt.% in BLG) and a known amount of calcium. Thermal denaturation of the fouling solution was also analyzed by MRS as well as isolated BLG aggregates obtained by microfiltration of heated solutions. Specific Raman signatures of aggregates were identified, which were not detected in the Raman spectra of denatured (i.e. unfolded BLG molecule) solutions. MRS analyses at different depths of the deposit reveal a loss of alpha-helix structures, as observed in denatured BLG solutions, without the detection of aggregate signatures. For the range of calcium content investigated (from 97 to 160 mgl(-1)), no effect of calcium ions on the molecular conformation of BLG within the deposit was shown. Of great significance, results suggest that, for our set of operating conditions used, the mass distribution of the fouling deposit in a plate heat exchanger is primarily controlled by the distribution of the unfolded protein generated by the denaturation process

Data on agronomic traits, biochemical composition of lipids, proteins and polysaccharides and rheological measurement in a brown mustard seed collection

International audienceThe data were collected from a brown mustard seeds collection of 18 accessions during two years and in three distinct sites of production in France. The 18 accessions of mustard seeds were selected to be representative of genetic, agronomical and technological variabilities. All accessions were produced in the "Bourgogne " area. This article describes agronomical data (PMG, yield), genotyping data, global composition of mustard seeds (lipids, proteins and polysaccharides) and fine composition of the previous macronutrients potentially involved in the technological properties (fatty acids, storage proteins and osidic composition of polysaccharides). Additional data regarding the potential rheological property of each accessions were also reported. These data can be reused by food industries, breeders and geneticists in order to understand pedoclimatic effects (year and location) and the relation between mustard seed composition and the end uses properties (paste mustard quality)

Effect of Cultivars, Environment, and Year on Agronomic Traits, Biochemical Composition of Major Constituents (Lipids, Proteins, and Polysaccharides), and Rheological Properties of Seeds in Brassica juncea

International audienceIn order to provide varieties of Brassica juncea that meet agronomic and technological qualities, it is necessary to define criteria that are predictive of the quality of the finished product. The objective of our study is to characterize the macromolecula r components of the mustard seed in order to identify the compositional profile responsible for the technological quality of mustard pastes. A collection of cultivars that maximizes genetic and technological diversity were grown on three plots and over two years. Our results showed (i) the impact of the genetic and pedoclimatic factors on seed macromolecular components and on rheological properties estimated by measuring the flow in a Bostwick consistometer, and (ii) the potential role of seed storage proteins and cell wall polysaccharides in the mustard paste consistency. Data analyses allow us to propose new criteria for evaluating the technological quality of seeds and to identify interesting genotypes as candidates for future breeding programs

CORIOLIS. Rapport d’activités 2016

Rapport d'activité Coriolis pour l'année 2016 dans le cadre de la convention cadre Coriolis 2014-202

Effect of Cultivars, Environment, and Year on Agronomic Traits, Biochemical Composition of Major Constituents (Lipids, Proteins, and Polysaccharides), and Rheological Properties of Seeds in <i>Brassica juncea</i>

In order to provide varieties of Brassica juncea that meet agronomic and technological qualities, it is necessary to define criteria that are predictive of the quality of the finished product. The objective of our study is to characterize the macromolecular components of the mustard seed in order to identify the compositional profile responsible for the technological quality of mustard pastes. A collection of cultivars that maximizes genetic and technological diversity were grown on three plots and over two years. Our results showed (i) the impact of the genetic and pedoclimatic factors on seed macromolecular components and on rheological properties estimated by measuring the flow in a Bostwick consistometer, and (ii) the potential role of seed storage proteins and cell wall polysaccharides in the mustard paste consistency. Data analyses allow us to propose new criteria for evaluating the technological quality of seeds and to identify interesting genotypes as candidates for future breeding programs

Adaptation des systèmes de production agricole aux changements de contexteenvironnemental, agricole et social, et place des légumineuses dans la transitionagroécologique

In the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regions, the PSDR4 projects POEETE andProSys dealt with the adaptation of agricultural production systems to changes in the environmental,agricultural and social context, focusing on different scales and taking into account the context of reducedinputs and the search for autonomy by introducing legume crops. The processed data come from various approaches: surveys, experimental monitoring, modelling approach... The impact of climate change onthe ecophysiology of legume crops was addressed through a model plant, the pea, and two criteria:flowering date and frost stress. To ensure the sustainability of mixed farming operations, new foragemixtures have been tested. Then the ecosystemic services provided by legume crops were studied:precedent effect, nitrogen content and interest in improving the protein autonomy of farms. Theprioritization of ecosystem services in the adoption of these crops was studied via surveys of pioneerfarmers in the region. Finally, the agroecological transition was studied via questions about thecomplementarity of mixed farming and livestock production, the performance of cropping systemsincluding legume crops, farmers’ motivations to develop more agro-ecological practices and the study ofmodel farm trajectories.Les projets PSDR4 POEETE et ProSys traitaient de l’adaptation des systèmes de production agricoleaux changements de contexte environnemental, agricole et social, en régions Bourgogne-Franche-Comtéet Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, en s’intéressant aux différentes échelles et en prenant en compte le contextede la diminution des intrants et de la recherche d’autonomie. Les données traitées sont issuesd’approches variées : enquêtes, suivis expérimentaux, modélisation… L’impact du changementclimatique sur l’écophysiologie des légumineuses a été abordé au travers d’une plante modèle, le pois,et de deux critères : la date de floraison et le stress lié au gel. Pour assurer la durabilité des exploitationsen polyculture-élevage, de nouveaux mélanges fourragers ont été testés. Puis les servicesécosystémiques rendus par les légumineuses ont été étudiés : effet précédent, teneur en azote et intérêtde leur introduction dans une démarche d’amélioration de l’autonomie protéique des exploitations. Desenquêtes auprès des agriculteurs pionniers en région ont permis de réaliser une hiérarchisation desservices écosystémiques lors de l’adoption de ces cultures. Enfin la transition agroécologique a étéétudiée via des questionnements autour de la complémentarité entre polyculture et élevage, desperformances des systèmes de culture incluant des légumineuses, des motivations des agriculteurs pourdévelopper des pratiques plus agroécologiques et l’étude de trajectoires d’exploitations modèles

Recommendations on the management of pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome: A formalised expert consensus

International audienc