Cost of Capital Indicator for EU Member States - Methodology

The actions taken in the framework of the Lisbon Strategy are intended to improve the competitiveness of the EU's economy. To properly monitor the progress resulting from those actions, some indicators have been identified. One of those indicators is on ¿cost of capital¿. The ¿cost of capital¿ is a key concept as it reflects the corporation¿s cost of investment funding. The purpose of this document is to outline the methodology recommended to develop a cost of capital indicator for EU non-financial corporations, across all the EU Member States.JRC.G.9-Econometrics and statistical support to antifrau

Cost of Capital Indicator for EU Member States

The actions taken in the framework of the Lisbon Strategy and in the forthcoming EU2020 strategy are intended to improve the competitiveness of the EU¿s economy. To properly monitor the progress resulting from those actions, some indicators have been identified. One of those indicators is on the ¿cost of capital¿. The cost of capital is a key concept as it reflects the corporation¿s cost of investment funding. Thus, there is a need to develop an indicator to monitor how that cost changes over time. This report presents an overall cost of capital composite indicator that can be updated on a quarterly basis and is covering the EU-27, the euro area, and each of the 27 EU Member States. This composite indicator is based on the first three out of the four major sources of capital: loans, corporate bonds, listed equity, and unlisted equity.JRC.DG.G.9-Econometrics and applied statistic

Synthesis and electronic properties of nitrogen-bridged dimers of boron subphthalocyanines

The synthesis of new symmetric and unsymmetric axial nitrogen-bridged dimers of subphthalocyanines (μ-azo dimers) has been carried out via activated triflate intermediates. Their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties have been studied and compared to their μ-oxo analoguesFinancial support from the MINECO, Spain (CTQ‐2014‐52869‐P, T.T.;  CTQ2014‐57729‐P,  D.G.‐R.),  the  Comunidad  de  Madrid  (S2013/MIT‐2841 FOTOCARBON, T.T.) and the European Research  Council  (ERC‐StG  279548,  D.G.‐R.)  is  acknowledge

Ferroelectric self-assembled molecular materials showing both rectifying and switchable conductivity

Advanced molecular materials that combine two or more physical properties are typically constructed by combining different molecules, each being responsible for one of the properties required. Ideally, single molecules could take care of this combined functionality, provided they are self-assembled correctly and endowed with different functional subunits whose strong electronic coupling may lead to the emergence of unprecedented and exciting properties. We present a class of disc-like semiconducting organic molecules that are functionalized with strong dipolar side groups. Supramolecular organization of these materials provides long-range polar order that supports collective ferroelectric behavior of the side groups as well as charge transport through the stacked semiconducting cores. The ferroelectric polarization in these supramolecular polymers is found to couple to the charge transport and leads to a bulk conductivity that is both switchable and rectifying. An intuitive model is developed and found to quantitatively reproduce the experimental observations. In a larger perspective, these results highlight the possibility of modulating material properties using the large electric fields associated with ferroelectric polarization.The work of A.V.G. was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Nano program. The work of J.G. was funded by the Ministerio de Educación, Culture y Deporte (MECD) (FPU fellowship). This work was supported by MINECO, Spain (grants CTQ-2014-52869-P to T.T. and CTQ2014-57729-P to D.G.-R.), Comunidad de Madrid (grant S2013/MIT-2841 FOTOCARBON to T.T.), and the European Research Council (grant StG-279548 to D.G.-R.). The Dutch Polymer Institute is thanked for funding M.G.I. and the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Gravitation program 024.001.035) for funding E.W.M. T.D.C. acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU no. 2009 00971)

Possible models for risk-based contributions to EU Deposit Guarantee Schemes

JRC has investigated potential risk-based models for computing contributions of Deposit Guarantee Scheme (DGS) and assessed their potential impact across Member States. The report illustrates three possible approaches for calculating contributions on the basis of the risk profile of the DGS members (i.e. banks) and presents a preliminary impact assessment exercise.JRC.DG.G.9-Econometrics and applied statistic

Síntesis, propiedades y aplicaciones de derivados de subftalocianina como materiales moleculares

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Fecha de lectura: 15-12-201

Medida de atenuación de radiofrecuencia en vidrios utilizando un radar FMCW.

Este trabajo consiste en implementar un sistema radar FMCW utilizando una tarjeta de radio definida por software, evaluar las posibilidades que este nos proporciona a la hora de realizar medidas de radiofrecuencia en un entorno no aislado y finalmente poner a prueba un sistema capaz de medir la atenuación de radiofrecuencia en vidrios haciendo uso de este radar.<br /

Direct Access to Axially Substituted Subphthalocyanines from Trimethylsilyl-Protected Nucleophiles

A new synthetic one-step approach to perform the axial ligand exchange reaction in subphthalocyanines that employs trimethylsilyl-protected nucleophiles as starting materials is reported. Theoretical calculations indicate that the exchange reaction proceeds through a similar 4-centered σ-bond metathesis transition state as the substitution with phenols. This direct method allowed us to synthesize new axial derivatives of singular importance within the chemistry of subphthalocyanines, for which the reactivity and X-ray crystalline structure were studiedFinancial support from the MINECO, Spain (CTQ-2014-52869-P, T.T.; CTQ2014-57729-P, D.G.-R.), and the Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/MIT-2841 FOTOCARBON, T.T.) is acknowledged. M.Y. thank the MICINN (Spain) for the Project No.CTQ2012-35513-C02-0

Subphthalocyanine-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene-aniline conjugates: stereoisomerism and photophysical properties

Two subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) decorated at their peripheral (SubPc 1) or peripheral and axial (SubPc 2) positions with tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD)–aniline moieties have been prepared as novel electron donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugates. In 1 and 2, the multiple functionalization of C3-symmetric SubPcs by TCBD moieties, each of them having a chiral axis, results in the formation of several stereoisomers. Variable temperature 1 H-NMR studies in chlorinated solvents suggest that these latter species, which are detected at low temperatures, rapidly interconvert – on the NMR timescale – into each other at room temperature. Beside their unique structural and stereochemical features, 1 and 2 present interesting physicochemical properties. Steady-state absorption and fluorescence, as well as electrochemical studies on 1 and 2 clearly point to an important degree of electronic communication between the SubPc, the TCBD and the aniline subunits. Moreover, in both derivatives, photoexcitation of the SubPc moiety yields charge transfer products involving the electron-rich SubPc moiety and the electronwithdrawing TCBD fragment. Interestingly, such polarized excited state species evolve in 1 and 2 in different ways. While in the former compound, it directly decays to the ground state, the fourth axial TCBD moiety in 2 leads to the formation of an intermediate fully charge separated state prior to the ground state deactivationFinancial support from the “Solar Energy goes Hybrid” Initiative of the Bavarian Ministry for Science, Culture and Education (SolTech) and Spanish MICINN (CTQ2017-85393-P) is acknowledged. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV2016-0686