Fitness program in musicians.

Objective: To determine the effect of a fitness program in the posture of instrumentalists from the University of Cauca, applied during 2015. Method: A descriptive longitudinal quasi-experimental study was conducted in 9 members of the Wind Ensemble of Metal Music program; The information was collected through a tab that were reported sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and muscle strength; with Kinovea program, the position of the upper quadrant was evaluated; and then a fitness program was applied; after the implementation of the program, the position of the upper quadrant and muscle strength was revalued. Results: With the application of fitness program, 100% of participants showed a reduction in deviation angles upper quadrant, mainly skull and vertebral angle in the alignment of the cervical-thoracic spine in the side view. Conclusion: With the application of fitness program, a positive clinical change manifested in decreasing degrees of alteration in postural angles of the upper quadrant evidence.Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un programa de acondicionamiento físico en la postura de músicos instrumentistas de la Universidad del Cauca, aplicado durante el año 2015. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental longitudinal descriptivo, en 9 integrantes del Ensamble de Vientos de Metal del programa de Música de la Universidad del Cauca; la información se colecto mediante una ficha en la que se reportaron las características sociodemográficas, los estilos de vida y la fuerza muscular; con el programa Kinovea, se evaluó la postura del cuadrante superior; y luego se aplicó un programa de acondicionamiento físico; luego de la aplicación del programa, se revaluó la postura del cuadrante superior y la fuerza muscular. Resultados: Con la aplicación del programa de acondicionamiento físico, el 100% de los participantes presentaron reducción en los ángulos de desviación del cuadrante superior, principalmente del ángulo cráneo vertebral y en la alineación de la columna cervico-dorsal en la vista lateral. Conclusión: Con la aplicación del programa de acondicionamiento físico, se evidencia un cambio clínico positivo manifestado en la disminución de los grados de alteración en los ángulos posturales del cuadrante superior

Programa de acondicionamiento físico en músicos

Objective: To determine the effect of a fitness program in the posture of instrumentalists from the University of Cauca, applied during 2015. Method: A descriptive longitudinal quasi-experimental study was conducted in 9 members of the Wind Ensemble of Metal Music program; The information was collected through a tab that were reported sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and muscle strength; with Kinovea program, the position of the upper quadrant was evaluated; and then a fitness program was applied; after the implementation of the program, the position of the upper quadrant and muscle strength was revalued.Results: With the application of fitness program, 100% of participants showed a reduction in deviation angles upper quadrant, mainly skull and vertebral angle in the alignment of the cervical-thoracic spine in the side view.Conclusion: With the application of fitness program, a positive clinical change manifested in decreasing degrees of alteration in postural angles of the upper quadrant evidence.         Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un programa de acondicionamiento físico en la postura de músicos instrumentistas de la Universidad del Cauca, aplicado durante el año 2015.Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental longitudinal descriptivo, en 9 integrantes del Ensamble de Vientos de Metal del programa de Música de la Universidad del Cauca; la información  se colecto mediante una ficha en la que se reportaron las características sociodemográficas, los  estilos de vida y la fuerza muscular; con el programa Kinovea, se evaluó la postura del cuadrante superior; y luego se aplicó un programa de acondicionamiento físico; luego de la aplicación del programa, se revaluó  la postura del cuadrante superior y la fuerza muscular. Resultados: Con la aplicación del programa de acondicionamiento físico,  el 100% de los participantes presentaron reducción en los ángulos de desviación del cuadrante superior, principalmente  del ángulo cráneo vertebral y en la alineación de la columna cervico-dorsal en la vista lateral. Conclusión:Con la aplicación del programa de acondicionamiento físico,  se evidencia un cambio clínico positivo manifestado en la disminución de los grados de alteración en los ángulos posturales del cuadrante superior.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

Contains fulltext : 125374.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Edoxaban is a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor with proven antithrombotic effects. The long-term efficacy and safety of edoxaban as compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation is not known. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial comparing two once-daily regimens of edoxaban with warfarin in 21,105 patients with moderate-to-high-risk atrial fibrillation (median follow-up, 2.8 years). The primary efficacy end point was stroke or systemic embolism. Each edoxaban regimen was tested for noninferiority to warfarin during the treatment period. The principal safety end point was major bleeding. RESULTS: The annualized rate of the primary end point during treatment was 1.50% with warfarin (median time in the therapeutic range, 68.4%), as compared with 1.18% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.79; 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 0.99; P<0.001 for noninferiority) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 1.07; 97.5% CI, 0.87 to 1.31; P=0.005 for noninferiority). In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend favoring high-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 0.87; 97.5% CI, 0.73 to 1.04; P=0.08) and an unfavorable trend with low-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 1.13; 97.5% CI, 0.96 to 1.34; P=0.10). The annualized rate of major bleeding was 3.43% with warfarin versus 2.75% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.91; P<0.001) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.55; P<0.001). The corresponding annualized rates of death from cardiovascular causes were 3.17% versus 2.74% (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; P=0.01), and 2.71% (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.96; P=0.008), and the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point (a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or death from cardiovascular causes) were 4.43% versus 3.85% (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.96; P=0.005), and 4.23% (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.05; P=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Both once-daily regimens of edoxaban were noninferior to warfarin with respect to the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism and were associated with significantly lower rates of bleeding and death from cardiovascular causes. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00781391.)