Personality heterogeneity in female adolescent inpatients with features of eating disorders

Objective: This study examined evidence for personality variability in adolescents with eating disorder features in light of previous evidence that personality variability in adult women with eating disorder symptoms carries important clinical implications. Method: Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory personality data from adolescent girls with disturbed eating who were psychiatrically hospitalized were cluster analyzed, and resulting groups were compared in eating and comorbid psychopathology. Results: Three subgroups were identified among the 153 patients with eating disorder features: high functioning, internalizing, and externalizing. The internalizing group was marked by eating-related and mood dysfunction; the externalizing group by elevated eating and mood psychopathology as well as impulsivity, aggression, and substance use; and the high-functioning group by lower levels of psychopathology and relatively high self-esteem. Conclusions: These findings converge with previous research using different personality models in adult samples and highlight the clinical use of considering personality heterogeneity among adolescent and adult women with disturbed eating

Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11 : An international perspective on key changes and controversies

The Author(s). 2020Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link tothe Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.An update of the chapter on Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is of great interest around the world. The recent approval of the 11th Revision of the ICD (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization (WHO) raises broad questions about the status of nosology of mental disorders as a whole as well as more focused questions regarding changes to the diagnostic guidelines for specific conditions and the implications of these changes for practice and research. This Forum brings together a broad range of experts to reflect on key changes and controversies in the ICD-11 classification of mental disorders. Taken together, there is consensus that the WHO's focus on global applicability and clinical utility in developing the diagnostic guidelines for this chapter will maximize the likelihood that it will be adopted by mental health professionals and administrators. This focus is also expected to enhance the application of the guidelines in non-specialist settings and their usefulness for scaling up evidence-based interventions. The new mental disorders classification in ICD-11 and its accompanying diagnostic guidelines therefore represent an important, albeit iterative, advance for the field.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Environmentally friendly synthesis methods to obtain the misfit [Ca2CoO3-δ]0.62[CoO2] thermoelectric material

This work reports the microstructural and thermoelectric characterization of the misfit [Ca2CoO3-δ]0.62[CoO2] compound obtained by a solid-state synthesis using mollusk shells and a proteic sol-gel method, which uses gelatin as a polymerizing agent. The results clearly demonstrate the capability of these routes to produce pure Ca3Co4O9 with plate-like morphology. Sintered ceramic samples show randomly oriented grains and relative densities in the range of 63–67%. The obtained microstructures provide reasonable electrical properties and result in competitive thermoelectric performance for the material prepared by the proteic sol-gel synthesis (P.F. of 205 μW/K2 m at 700 °C).publishe

Battery-like behavior of Ni-ceria based systems: synthesis, surface defects and electrochemical assessment

NiO, CeO2 and respective composites are extensively used in energy storage devices due to mostly their high electrochemical activity. However, the assessment of battery-like behavior of Ni-ceria based systems comprising (Ni or Gd)-doped ceria combined with NiO seems to be neglected in the literature. In this work, NiO and ceria-based solid solutions composite powders were obtained by a co-precipitation synthesis method. The structure and particle size of the calcined powders were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. Oxidative states of composites were inspected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of powders was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy. Refinement of the XRD patterns showed that powders have nanosized crystallites and mean size of particles within 20 – 70 nm were revealed by FESEM. The improved specific capacity of the NiO-CeO2 electrode material (about 2.5 times higher than that of NiO-CGO at 5 mV s−1) is due to an increase in Faradic reactions taken place on its surface with a higher fraction of defects (namely Ni3+, Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies), as determined by XPS. The superior electrochemical performance of the NiO-CeO2 electrode is also confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.publishe

Differences in the Use and Opinions About New eHealth Technologies Among Patients With Psychosis: Structured Questionnaire

[EN] Background: Despite a growing interest in the use of technology in order to support the treatment of psychotic disorders, limited knowledge exists about the viability and acceptability of these eHealth interventions in relation to the clinical characteristics of patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the access and use of, as well as experiences and interest in, new technologies using a survey of patients diagnosed with early psychosis compared with a survey of patients diagnosed with chronic psychotic disorders. Methods: We designed a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire was divided into five parts: (1) clinical and demographic information, (2) access and use of the internet, (3) use of the internet in relation to mental health, (4) experiences with technology, and (5) patients¿ interest in eHealth services. In total, 105 patients were recruited from early psychosis units (n=65) and recovery units (n=40). Results: In this study, 84.8% (89/105) of the patients had access to the internet and 88.6% (93/105) owned an electronic internet device. In total, 71.3% (57/80) of patients who owned a mobile phone were interested in eHealth systems and 38.2% (37/97) reported negative experiences related to the internet usage. We observed differences between the groups in terms of device ownership (P=.02), the frequency of internet access (P<.001), the use of social media (P=.01), and seeking health information (P=.04); the differences were found to be higher in the early psychosis group. No differences were found between the groups in terms of the use of internet in relation to mental health, experiences and opinions about the internet, or interest in eHealth interventions (P=.43). Conclusions: The availability and use of technology for the participants in our survey were equivalent to those for the general population. The differences found between the groups in relation to the access or use of technology seemed to due to age-related factors. The use of technology involving mental health and the interest in eHealth interventions were mainly positive and equivalent between the groups. Accordingly, this group of patients is a potential target for the emerging eHealth interventions, regardless of their clinical status. However, 28.7% (23/80) of the studied patients rejected the use of internet interventions and 38.2% (37/97) had unpleasant experiences related to its usage; thus, more in-depth studies are needed to better define the profile of patients with psychosis who may benefit from eHealth treatments.This study was supported by Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2016/082 grant) and CIBERSAM and Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (PI01399, PI13/00447; PI17/00402, Cofunded FEDER).Bonet, L.; Llácer, B.; Hernandez-Viadel, M.; Arce Grilo, AD.; Blanquer Espert, I.; Cañete, C.; Escartí, MJ.... (2018). Differences in the Use and Opinions About New eHealth Technologies Among Patients With Psychosis: Structured Questionnaire. JMIR Mental Health. 5(3):1-12. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.9950S11253Perkins, D. O., Gu, H., Boteva, K., & Lieberman, J. A. (2005). Relationship Between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Outcome in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1785-1804. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1785Marshall, M., & Rathbone, J. (2011). Early intervention for psychosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004718.pub3Amos, A. (2012). Assessing the cost of early intervention in psychosis: A systematic review. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(8), 719-734. doi:10.1177/0004867412450470Bonet, L., Izquierdo, C., Escartí, M. J., Sancho, J. V., Arce, D., Blanquer, I., & Sanjuan, J. (2017). Utilización de tecnologías móviles en pacientes con psicosis: una revisión sistemática. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 10(3), 168-178. doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.01.003World Health Organization2007Global Observatory for eHealth http://www.who.int/goe/en/Bucci, S., Barrowclough, C., Ainsworth, J., Morris, R., Berry, K., Machin, M., … Haddock, G. (2015). Using mobile technology to deliver a cognitive behaviour therapy-informed intervention in early psychosis (Actissist): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0943-3Schlosser, D., Campellone, T., Kim, D., Truong, B., Vergani, S., Ward, C., & Vinogradov, S. (2016). Feasibility of PRIME: A Cognitive Neuroscience-Informed Mobile App Intervention to Enhance Motivated Behavior and Improve Quality of Life in Recent Onset Schizophrenia. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(2), e77. doi:10.2196/resprot.5450Garety, P. A., Ward, T., Freeman, D., Fowler, D., Emsley, R., Dunn, G., … Hardy, A. (2017). SlowMo, a digital therapy targeting reasoning in paranoia, versus treatment as usual in the treatment of people who fear harm from others: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 18(1). doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2242-7Depp, C. A., Harmell, A. L., Vahia, I. V., & Mausbach, B. T. (2015). Neurocognitive and functional correlates of mobile phone use in middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia. Aging & Mental Health, 20(1), 29-35. doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1008987National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)2017-10-10Health and Technology Study 2014https://www.nami.org/About-NAMI/Publications-Reports/Survey-Reports/Health-and-Technology-Study-(2014)SmithAThe Smartphone difference: U.S. Smartphone Use in2015Washington, DCPew Research Centrehttp://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015Tobitt, S., & Percival, R. (2017). Switched on or switched off? A survey of mobile, computer and Internet use in a community mental health rehabilitation sample. Journal of Mental Health, 28(1), 4-10. doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1340623Firth, J., Cotter, J., Torous, J., Bucci, S., Firth, J. A., & Yung, A. R. (2015). Mobile Phone Ownership and Endorsement of «mHealth» Among People With Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional Studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(2), 448-455. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv132Thomas, N., Foley, F., Lindblom, K., & Lee, S. (2017). Are people with severe mental illness ready for online interventions? Access and use of the Internet in Australian mental health service users. Australasian Psychiatry, 25(3), 257-261. doi:10.1177/1039856217689913Gitlow, L., Abdelaal, F., Etienne, A., Hensley, J., Krukowski, E., & Toner, M. (2017). Exploring the Current Usage and Preferences for Everyday Technology among People with Serious Mental Illnesses. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 33(1), 1-14. doi:10.1080/0164212x.2016.1211061Trefflich, F., Kalckreuth, S., Mergl, R., & Rummel-Kluge, C. (2015). Psychiatric patients׳ internet use corresponds to the internet use of the general public. Psychiatry Research, 226(1), 136-141. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.037Gay, K., Torous, J., Joseph, A., Pandya, A., & Duckworth, K. (2016). Digital Technology Use Among Individuals with Schizophrenia: Results of an Online Survey. JMIR Mental Health, 3(2), e15. doi:10.2196/mental.5379Berry, N., Lobban, F., Emsley, R., & Bucci, S. (2016). Acceptability of Interventions Delivered Online and Through Mobile Phones for People Who Experience Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(5), e121. doi:10.2196/jmir.5250Birnbaum, M. L., Rizvi, A. F., Correll, C. U., Kane, J. M., & Confino, J. (2015). Role of social media and the Internet in pathways to care for adolescents and young adults with psychotic disorders and non-psychotic mood disorders. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 11(4), 290-295. doi:10.1111/eip.12237Ben-Zeev, D., Scherer, E. A., Gottlieb, J. D., Rotondi, A. J., Brunette, M. F., Achtyes, E. D., … Kane, J. M. (2016). mHealth for Schizophrenia: Patient Engagement With a Mobile Phone Intervention Following Hospital Discharge. JMIR Mental Health, 3(3), e34. doi:10.2196/mental.6348Kannisto, K. A., Adams, C. E., Koivunen, M., Katajisto, J., & Va lima ki, M. (2015). Feedback on SMS reminders to encourage adherence among patients taking antipsychotic medication: a cross-sectional survey nested within a randomised trial. BMJ Open, 5(11), e008574-e008574. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008574Instituto Nacional de EstadísticaEncuesta sobre equipamiento y uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación en los hogares2016 http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176741&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735976608Robotham, D., Satkunanathan, S., Doughty, L., & Wykes, T. (2016). Do We Still Have a Digital Divide in Mental Health? A Five-Year Survey Follow-up. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(11), e309. doi:10.2196/jmir.6511Miller, B. J., Stewart, A., Schrimsher, J., Peeples, D., & Buckley, P. F. (2015). How connected are people with schizophrenia? Cell phone, computer, email, and social media use. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 458-463. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.067Borzekowski, D. L. G., Leith, J., Medoff, D. R., Potts, W., Dixon, L. B., Balis, T., … Himelhoch, S. (2009). Use of the Internet and Other Media for Health Information Among Clinic Outpatients With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatric Services, 60(9), 1265-1268. doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.9.1265Aref-Adib, G., O’Hanlon, P., Fullarton, K., Morant, N., Sommerlad, A., Johnson, S., & Osborn, D. (2016). A qualitative study of online mental health information seeking behaviour by those with psychosis. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0952-0Baup, H., & Verdoux, H. (2017). Frequency and pattern of Internet use in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders seeking medical information. Psychiatry Research, 247, 152-154. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.028Digital Marketing Trends (DiTrendia)MT(Informe mobile en España y en el mundo20162018-07-122016 http://www.amic.media/media/files/file_352_1050.pdfLal, S., Dell’Elce, J., Tucci, N., Fuhrer, R., Tamblyn, R., & Malla, A. (2015). Preferences of Young Adults With First-Episode Psychosis for Receiving Specialized Mental Health Services Using Technology: A Survey Study. JMIR Mental Health, 2(2), e18. doi:10.2196/mental.4400Schrank, B., Sibitz, I., Unger, A., & Amering, M. (2010). How Patients With Schizophrenia Use the Internet: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(5), e70. doi:10.2196/jmir.1550Asociaciónpara la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (AIMC)Encuesta AIMC a usuarios de internet2017-10-192017 http://www.aimc.es/-Navegantes-en-la-Red-.htmlNowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2017). Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 70-87. doi:10.1177/1745691617713052Heinz, A., Deserno, L., & Reininghaus, U. (2013). Urbanicity, social adversity and psychosis. World Psychiatry, 12(3), 187-197. doi:10.1002/wps.20056Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Priede, A., Hetrick, S. E., Bendall, S., Killackey, E., Parker, A. G., … Gleeson, J. F. (2012). Risk factors for relapse following treatment for first episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Schizophrenia Research, 139(1-3), 116-128. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.007Berry, N., Bucci, S., & Lobban, F. (2017). Use of the Internet and Mobile Phones for Self-Management of Severe Mental Health Problems: Qualitative Study of Staff Views. JMIR Mental Health, 4(4), e52. doi:10.2196/mental.8311Bhugra, D., Tasman, A., Pathare, S., Priebe, S., Smith, S., Torous, J., … Ventriglio, A. (2017). The WPA- Lancet Psychiatry Commission on the Future of Psychiatry. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(10), 775-818. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30333-4Lachmann, B., Sindermann, C., Sariyska, R. Y., Luo, R., Melchers, M. C., Becker, B., … Montag, C. (2018). The Role of Empathy and Life Satisfaction in Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00398Stodt, B., Brand, M., Sindermann, C., Wegmann, E., Li, M., Zhou, M., … Montag, C. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Personality, Internet Literacy, and Use Expectancies in Internet-Use Disorder: A Comparative Study between China and Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 579. doi:10.3390/ijerph1504057

Dietary adaptation for weight loss maintenance at Yale (DAWLY): Protocol and predictions for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundCurrent therapies for obesity treatment are effective at producing short-term weight loss, but weight loss maintenance remains a significant challenge. Here we investigate the impact of pre-intervention dietary fat intake on the efficacy of a dietary supplement to support weight loss maintenance. Preclinical work demonstrates that a vagal afferent pathway critical for sensing dietary lipids is blunted by a high-fat diet (HFD), resulting in a reduced preference for a low-fat emulsion and severe blunting of the dopamine (DA) response to the gastric infusion of lipids. Infusion of the gut lipid messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which is also depleted by HFD, immediately reverses this DA blunting and restores preference for the low-fat emulsion. Studies of OEA supplementation for weight loss in humans have had limited success. Given the strong effect of HFD on this pathway, we designed a study to test whether the efficacy of OEA as a weight loss treatment is related to pre-intervention habitual intake of dietary fat.Methods/DesignWe employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 100 adults with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) were randomized to receive either OEA or placebo daily for 16 months. Following a baseline evaluation of diet, metabolic health, adiposity, and brain response to a palatable an energy dense food, participants in both groups underwent a 4-month behavioral weight loss intervention (LEARN®) followed by a 1-year maintenance period. The study aims are to (1) determine if pre-intervention dietary fat intake moderates the ability of OEA to improve weight loss and weight loss maintenance after a gold standard behavioral weight loss treatment; (2) identify biomarkers that predict outcome and optimize a stratification strategy; and (3) test a model underlying OEA’s effectiveness.DiscussionFocusing on interventions that target the gut-brain axis is supported by mounting evidence for the role of gut-brain signaling in food choice and the modulation of this circuit by diet. If successful, this work will provide support for targeting the gut-brain pathway for weight loss maintenance using a precision medicine approach that is easy and inexpensive to implement.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04614233]