Actuality of colloid chemistry in chemical education of students of medical and pharmaceutical faculty

The article is dedicated to the one of the modern medical chemistry section named colloidal chemistry. It is not only component of basic chemical equation of future doctors and pharmacist, subject of medical and pharmacephtical scientific and experiment investigations but colloidal chemistry is the base of a modern and more promising direction of medicine called nanomedicine

Clinical features of pregnancy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and type I diabetes mellitus comorbidities (a case report).

Objective – to update the literature data with the clinical features of pregnancy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MRD-TB) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) comorbidities based on an example from own clinical experience. A clinical case of pregnancy course in MRD-TB and T1DM comorbidities was described based on our own clinical experience. We report the clinical case of newly diagnosed MRD-TB in a 38-year-old woman suffering from T1DM. Her general condition was unstable from satisfactory to moderately severe despite an adequate treatment of MRD-TB and T1DM with manifestations of intoxication syndrome and nephropathy. Adenomyosis with periodic bloody vaginal discharge was diagnosed. There was no clinical-radiological dynamics and sputum culture conversion. After an intensive phase of antimycobacterial therapy within 3 months, the patient got pregnant. Based on the medical indications (MRD-TB, absence of sputum culture conversion and clinical-radiological dynamics, moderate severity of T1DM, nephropathy) and adenomyosis with bloody vaginal discharge, the patient was requested to induce the pregnancy termination, and she consented. On month 7 of antimycobacterial therapy, an extensive drug-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimycobacterial agents and negative dynamics by follow-up chest X-ray were diagnosed. The feature of pregnancy course in MRD-TB and T1DM comorbidities was an unfavorable coexistence of both these diseases simultaneously resulting in an induced abortion. In this case, doctors to working with patients suffering from both MRD-TB and T1DM are recommended to advise patients the use of contraception in order to prevent pregnancy during treatment of active MRD-TB

Респираторно-синцитиальная вирусная инфекция у детей. Роль в структуре респираторной патологии и клинико-иммунологические особенности

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) consistently occupy a leading place in the structure of infectious pathology, especially among children. The spectrum of pathogens is usually determined by the season and age aspect of the observed. In a large number of respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occupies a special place due to the variety and severity of clinical manifestations of the disease caused by it in young children. This article is devoted to the analysis of the clinical course of RSV infection in children, the study of the features of the immune status against the background of this disease.It was found that in most cases of RSV infection in children was characterized by signs of bronchial obstruction syndrome and as a consequence in this group of children were found to have dysfunction of the immune system and reduction in the total number of T-lymphocytes, the hyperactivation In-cell component of adaptive immunity, manifested disimmunoglobulinemia (increase in the content of total IgE at lower IgA and IgG), that is, with the formation of immunodeficiency states from T- and B-cell links of adaptive immunity, with long-term recovery of impaired performance, even against the background of effective antiviral therapy.Острые респираторные инфекции (ОРИ) неизменно занимают ведущее место в структуре инфекционной патологии, особенно среди детей. Спектр возбудителей, как правило, обусловлен сезоном и возрастным аспектом наблюдаемых. В многочисленном ряду респираторных вирусов, респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (РСВ) занимает особое место в связи с многообразием и тяжестью клинических проявлений вызываемой им болезни у детей раннего возраста. Данная статья посвящена анализу клинического течения РСВ инфекции у детей, изучению особенностей иммунного статуса на фоне данного заболевания.Было установлено, что в большинстве случаев РСВ инфекция у детей протекала с признаками бронхообструктивного синдрома и как следствие у данной группы детей была выявлена дисфункция иммунной системы в виде снижения общего количества Т-лимфоцитов, гиперактивации В-клеточного звена адаптивного иммунитета, проявляющейся дисиммуноглобулиемией (повышение содержания общего IgЕ при снижении IgA и IgG), то есть с формированием иммунодефицитного состояния со стороны Т- и В-клеточного звеньев адаптивного иммунитета, с длительным восстановлением нарушенных показателей, даже на фоне эффективной противовирусной терапии

Актуальність колоїдної хімії у хімічнiї освітi студентів медичного та фармацевтичного факультетiв

The article is dedicated to the one of the modern medical chemistry section named colloidal chemistry. It is not only component of basic chemical equation of future doctors and pharmacist, subject of medical and pharmacephtical scientific and experiment investigations but colloidal chemistry is the base of a modern and more promising direction of medicine called nanomedicine.Стаття присвячується одному з розділів сучасної медичної хімії – колоїдної хімії, яка є не лише складовою частиною базової хімічної освіти майбутніх лікарів і провізорів, напрямком наукових і експериментальних досліджень в медицині та фармації, але стає основою найбільш перспективного напряму медицини – наномедицині

УПРАВЛЯЕМОСТЬ СУЩЕСТВЕННО РАЗНОТЕМПОВЫХ СИНГУЛЯРНО ВОЗМУЩЕННЫХ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The paper considers the controllability problem of essentially various-speed singularly perturbed dynamic system consisting of three subsystems of different dimensions, containing a small parameter to a variable degree as a multiplier for derivatives.   A method for studying complete and relative controllability of such systems has been proposed in the paper. The method is based on investigation of a controllability matrix rank. The matrix is composed of solution components of algebraic recurrent equations, which are drawn directly in accordance with the studied system of differential equations. The obtained effective algebraic conditions of controllability, expressed through parameters of the investigated system are obtained are illustrated by the case of essentially various-speed singularly perturbed dynamic system of fifth order with rational powers of small parameter.Исследуется проблема управляемости существенно разнотемповой сингулярно возмущенной динамической системы (РСВДС), состоящей из трех подсистем разных размерностей, содержащих в качестве множителя при производных малый параметр в различных степенях. Предложен метод исследования полной относительной управляемости таких систем. Он основан на исследовании ранга матрицы управляемости, составленной из компонент решений матричных алгебраических рекуррентных уравнений, записанных непосредственно по виду изучаемой системы дифференциальных уравнений. Полученные эффективные алгебраические условия управляемости, выраженные через параметры исследуемой системы, иллюстрируются случаем РСВДС пятого порядка с рациональными степенями малого параметра

Сравнительная оценка результатов измерения емкости вдоха с помощью побудительного спирометра и метода ультразвуковой спирографии в раннем послеоперационном периоде у кардиохирургических пациентов

Incentive spirometry is one of the most common methods used for respiratory rehabilitation in the early period after cardiac surgery. Inspiratory capacity values, obtained by a patient using spirometer, are not reliably trusted.Objectives. To compare volumetric parameters measured with incentive spirometer and results obtained with bedside ultrasound-based spirometer to assure the feasibility of the use of incentive spirometry to assess the inspiratory capacity and effectiveness of postoperative respiratory rehabilitation.Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients after elective cardiac surgery. Pulmonary rehabilitation involved the use of various respiratory therapy methods. Spirography was performed before and after each session. Both approaches were used simultaneously to obtain the spirometry maximum inspiratory capacity (SMIC) with a bedside ultrasonic spirography and maximum inspiratory capacity (MIC) index using an incentive spirometer. Patient’s discomfort and adverse events during the procedures were recorded.Results. The absolute values of the MIC measured before and after each session by the two methods were dissimilar, however, the average increment values (6) did not show statistically significant differences. The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive statistically significant relationship between 6 SMIC and 6 MIC (R = 0.74 before the session, R = 0.79 after the session, R = 0.77 across the whole data set, P < 0.01), also consistent with the Bland–Altman analysis, evidencing that more than 95% of all values fell within ± 1.96 SD of the mean difference. The inspiratory spirometry method showed good diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 87%, specificity 85%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.8 (95% CI: [0.76; 0.83]), P < 0.001). Refusals of procedure were more often documented with ultrasonic spirography.Conclusion. The increment in the inspiratory capacity index measured with incentive spirometer shows good agreement with ultrasonic spirography measurements. Therefore, incentive spirometry can be reliably used to assess the effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation interventions in cardiac surgery patients during early postoperative period.Побудительная спирометрия относится к наиболее распространенным методам, применяемым для респираторной реабилитации в ранние сроки после кардиохирургических вмешательств. Процедура основана на самостоятельном измерении объема вдоха пациентом, однако остается неясным, насколько можно доверять результатам этих измерений.  Цель исследования. Сравнить волюметрические показатели, измеренные с помощью побудительного спирометра с данными прикроватной ультразвуковой спирометрии и оценить возможность использования побудительной спирометрии для оценки емкости   вдоха и эффективности послеоперационной респираторной реабилитации.Материалы и методы.  В исследование вошли 50 пациентов после плановых кардиохирургических операций. Реабилитацию проводили с использованием различных респираторных методов. До и после каждого сеанса выполняли спирографию с использованием прикроватного ультразвукового спирометра. Оценивали максимальную емкость вдоха (СМЕВд), одновременно определяли  показатель максимальной емкости вдоха (МЕВд) с помощью побудительного спирометра. Регистрировали  нежелательные явления и дискомфорт при проведении процедур.Результаты. Абсолютные величины максимальной емкости вдоха, измеренные до и после каждого сеанса с помощью сравниваемых методов, отличаются, однако средние значения их прироста (Δ) не имели статистически достоверных различий. По результатам корреляционного анализа выявлена сильная положительная статистически достоверная взаимосвязь между Δ СМЕВд и Δ МЕВд (до сеанса r = 0,74, после сеанса r = 0,79, по всему массиву данных r = 0,77,  р<0,01), которая имеет хорошую согласованность по анализу Блэнда–Альтмана, о чем свидетельствует то, что  более 95% значений  находились в пределах  ± 1,96 SD от средней разницы. Метод побудительной спирометрии показал хорошую диагностическую точность при ROC-анализе (чувствительность 87%, специфичность 85%, площадь под кривой (AUC) 0,8 (95% ДИ: [0,76;0,83]), р<0,001). Отказ от процедуры чаще наблюдали при использовании метода ультразвуковой спирографии.Заключение. Прирост показателя емкости вдоха, измеренной с помощью побудительного спирометра, хорошо согласуется с измеренным методом ультразвуковой  спирографии и может использоваться для оценки эффективности реабилитационных мероприятий в раннем послеоперационном периоде у кардиохирургических пациентов

Case report of leprosy in the Russian Federation

A clinical case of leprosy diagnosis in a citizen of the Republic of Chad (lepra-endemic region), а 24 year old male, student is presented. In 2019 the patient received permission to stay in the Russian Federation for educational purposes, entered one of the federal universities, and studied in Moscow, living in a hostel. During these years, he applied to various clinics, complaining of skin rashes and other symptoms characteristic of leprosy, without the effect of the prescribed treatment. In 2023, after contacting the clinic of skin diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), was first sent to the The Federal State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of Russia with suspicion of leprosy. The results of clinical and laboratory studies including bacterioscopic examination of skin scarifications and pathohistological study of the skin confirmed the diagnosis: A30.5 Leprosy, multibacterial form, lepromatous type, active stage. This case presentation testifies to the lack of alertness regarding leprosy, especially among doctors conducting medical examinations of foreign citizens in order to obtain permission to stay in the Russian Federation, which may cause the spread of dangerous infectious diseases on the territory of the Russian Federation

Особенности психологического статуса больных бронхиальной астмой с алекситимией

One hundred and eighteen bronchial asthma (BA) patients were examined by means of the Toronto alexithymie scale (TAS), and a brief version of the personality multilateral investigation method (PMIM), and the Spilberg-Khanin’s anxiety scale. Among them 55.1% of the patients were recognized as alexithymie persons. Asthmatic patients with alexithymia were reliably more neurotized compared with non-alexithymic ones. The revealed peculiarities of an actual personal condition of the alexithymie bronchial asthma patients cause a necessity of including methods of psychotherapeutic correction of alexithymia to a prevention measures system.Обследовано 118 больных бронхиальной астмой (БА) с помощью Торонтской апекситимической шкалы (TAS), сокращенного варианта методики многостороннего исследования личности (СМОЛ), шкалы тревоги Спилберга-Ханина. Алекситимичными признаны 55,1% пациентов с БА. Больные БА с алекситимией имели достоверно более высокий уровень невротизации личности, чем неалекситимичные индивиды. Выявленные нами особенности актуального личностного состояния алекситимичных больных бронхиальной астмой обуславливают необходимость включения в систему профилактических мероприятий методов психотерапевтической коррекции алекситимии

Respiratory syncytial viral infection in children. Role in the structure of respiratory pathology and clinical and immunological features

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) consistently occupy a leading place in the structure of infectious pathology, especially among children. The spectrum of pathogens is usually determined by the season and age aspect of the observed. In a large number of respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occupies a special place due to the variety and severity of clinical manifestations of the disease caused by it in young children. This article is devoted to the analysis of the clinical course of RSV infection in children, the study of the features of the immune status against the background of this disease.It was found that in most cases of RSV infection in children was characterized by signs of bronchial obstruction syndrome and as a consequence in this group of children were found to have dysfunction of the immune system and reduction in the total number of T-lymphocytes, the hyperactivation In-cell component of adaptive immunity, manifested disimmunoglobulinemia (increase in the content of total IgE at lower IgA and IgG), that is, with the formation of immunodeficiency states from T- and B-cell links of adaptive immunity, with long-term recovery of impaired performance, even against the background of effective antiviral therapy

CONTROLLABILITY OF ESSENTIALLY VARIOUS-SPEED SINGULARLY PERTURBED DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

The paper considers the controllability problem of essentially various-speed singularly perturbed dynamic system consisting of three subsystems of different dimensions, containing a small parameter to a variable degree as a multiplier for derivatives.   A method for studying complete and relative controllability of such systems has been proposed in the paper. The method is based on investigation of a controllability matrix rank. The matrix is composed of solution components of algebraic recurrent equations, which are drawn directly in accordance with the studied system of differential equations. The obtained effective algebraic conditions of controllability, expressed through parameters of the investigated system are obtained are illustrated by the case of essentially various-speed singularly perturbed dynamic system of fifth order with rational powers of small parameter