Using research vignettes to explore co-production in a large diverse team: implications for research in superdiverse contexts

This chapter responds to Vertovec and Wessendorf’s (2010) call for new methodologies in exploring linguistic and cultural transformations in superdiverse settings by focusing on the potential insights generated by large diverse research teams. To explore the divergent perspectives which emerge from teamwork, we focus on vignettes produced as part of a large Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)-funded project exploring multilingualism as a communicative resource across four UK cities (the Translation and Translanguaging [TLANG] project). Vignettes have traditionally been used as a participant-orientated method to elicit reflections (Hughes 1998). In this case, the vignettes were significantly different: they represented researchers’ own accounts of being involved in ethnographic fieldwork. This methodological shift in the application of vignettes was developed by members of TLANG on two earlier projects (e.g. Creese and Blackledge et al. 2015). On the current project, the team comprised a core group of linguists and other scholars at various career stages and with different project roles, as well as key participants (KPs) who were embedded in a range of community settings and who brought experience from various language, socio-cultural and educational backgrounds

Structures of power: from imperial villa to monastic estate at Villamagna (Italy)

In early medieval Italy, some medieval settlements were anchored on ancient Roman sites which may have provided authority and legitimacy for their post-Roman inhabitants. The current paper examines the broad phenomena of use and reuse of an ancient imperial site, through the case study of the recently excavated site of Villamagna, near Anagni in Central-Southern Italy. This site provides new information about the life of an imperial villa over the Late Antique and Early Medieval periods and the influence that ancient legacies had on the shape of later use of the site. We will argue that the ancient estate of Villa Magna, founded in the second century, remained an imperial property through the seventh century and was transferred to the papacy at some point before the ninth century. The history of the estate between the late fifth and the twelfth century is described, and the evidence for changes of ownership is discussed. The use of some of the villa’s physical structures, the maintenance of its agricultural terrain and the remains of its architectural materials to project power over the landscape of Southern Italy can be seen as a case of imperial ownership, over time, providing an unbreakable stability and anchoring a centre of power even through very changed historical contexts

Long-Term evolution of Discs around Magnetic Stars

We investigate the evolution of a thin viscous disc surrounding magnetic star, including the spindown of the star by the magnetic torques it exerts on the disc. The transition from an accreting to a non-accreting state, and the change of the magnetic torque across the corotation radius are included in a generic way, the widths of the transition taken in the range suggested by numerical simulations. In addition to the standard accreting state, two more are found. An accreting state can develop into a 'dead' disc state, with inner edge well outside corotation. More often, a 'trapped' state develops, in which the inner disc edge stays close to corotation even at very low accretion rates. The long-term evolution of these two states is different. In the dead state the star spins down incompletely, retaining much of its initial spin. In the trapped state the star asymptotically can spin down to arbitarily low rates, its angular momentum transferred to the disc. We identify these outcomes with respectively the rapidly rotating and the very slowly rotating classes of Ap stars and magnetic white dwarfs.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by MNRA

Rheumatoid arthritis patients receive less frequent acute reperfusion and secondary prevention therapy after myocardial infarction compared with the general population

INTRODUCTION: The 30-day case-fatality rate after acute myocardial infarction (MI) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is twice that of the general population. This study compared the frequency and timeliness of early reperfusion therapy and treatment with secondary prevention medications after acute MI in RA patients and controls. METHODS: We performed a structured medical chart review of RA patients and matched controls who had been admitted with acute MI to one of three hospitals in Victoria, Australia, between 1995 and 2005. The administration and timing of acute reperfusion therapy and in-hospital treatment with secondary prevention medications were compared between the two groups. Acute reperfusion was defined as thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hours of the first symptom of MI. RESULTS: The medical charts of 90 RA patients and 90 matched controls were reviewed. The RA patients were significantly less likely to receive acute reperfusion compared with the controls (16% versus 37%: odds ratio (OR), 0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.10 to 0.64)), and this difference persisted after adjusting for type of MI, clinical setting of MI, and prior MI (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.6). The RA patients also received less-frequent in-hospital treatment with beta blockers (71% versus 83%; OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.96) and lipid-lowering agents (40% versus 70%; OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: RA patients who experience acute MI receive acute reperfusion and secondary prevention medications less frequently than do controls. This may contribute to higher case-fatality rates after MI in RA patients

Cephalopod genomics: a plan of strategies and organization

The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, "Paths to Cephalopod Genomics-Strategies, Choices, Organization," held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod mollusks. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing. The conclusions and recommendations of this meeting are described in this white paper

Cephalopod genomics : a plan of strategies and organization

© The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Standards in Genomic Sciences 7 (2012): 175-188, doi:10.4056/sigs.3136559.The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, “Paths to Cephalopod Genomics- Strategies, Choices, Organization,” held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod molluscs. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing. The conclusions and recommendations of this meeting are described in this White Paper.The Catalysis Group Meeting was supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) under grant number NSF #EF-0905606

Outcome and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1–4 status in invasive breast carcinomas with proliferation indices evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine labelling

BACKGROUND: We have shown previously that whereas overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1, HER2 and HER3 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, HER4 is associated with a good prognosis. Cell proliferation is a key component of aggressive cancers and is driven by growth factors. In this study, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-derived proliferation indices are correlated with clinical outcome and HER1–4 status for further clarification of the differing roles for the HER family at a biological level. METHODS: Seventy-eight invasive breast cancers had BrdU labelling in vivo to determine the BrdU labelling index (BLI) and the potential tumour doubling time (T(pot)). Long-term clinical follow-up was available for these patients. We used immunohistochemistry to establish the HER1–4 status in 55 patients from the BrdU cohort. RESULTS: We demonstrate a significant correlation between high BLI values and breast cancer-specific death (P = 0.0174). Low T(pot )times were also significantly correlated with breast cancer-specific death (P = 0.0258). However, BLI did not independently predict survival in Cox's multiple regression analysis when combined with other prognostic factors such as size, grade and nodal status. Tumours found to be positive for HER1, HER2 or HER3 had significantly (P = 0.041) higher labelling indices, with HER1 also showing significantly higher indices when considered independently (P = 0.024). Conversely, HER4 positivity was significantly correlated (P = 0.013) with low BLI values, in line with previous data associating this receptor with good prognosis tumours. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that HER1–3 are associated with driving tumour proliferation, whereas HER4 is involved in a non-proliferative or even protective role

A disciplina estatística no curso de pedagogia da USP: uma abordagem histórica

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem histórica acerca da disciplina estatística no curso de pedagogia da Universidade de São Paulo – USP (1939-1999). O objetivo foi investigar as origens da disciplina, os conteúdos e métodos propostos e seu papel na formação do pedagogo. A análise documental e a história oral foram utilizadas como recursos metodológicos. Fundamentando-se na história do currículo, a pesquisa dialogou especialmente com as ideias centrais de Ivor Goodson, ao compreender o currículo como construção social e investigar como e por que certo conhecimento é ensinado (ou não) em determinado contexto histórico. Constatou-se que a estatística foi considerada muito importante para a área educacional na primeira metade do século XX, por contribuir com a produção de diagnósticos para o planejamento de políticas públicas, com os trabalhos de inspeção escolar e com a classificação de alunos. Com origem nos cursos de administradores escolares do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo nos anos 1930, a estatística ganhou espaço no curso de pedagogia, criado em 1939, mantendo-se presente no currículo, ainda que tenha passado por várias reformulações curriculares. A partir dos anos 1980, começou a sofrer limitações no campo educacional, seja pelo enfoque das pesquisas educacionais, que perderam gradualmente o cunho quantitativo, seja pela redefinição do curso de pedagogia, que passou a defender a docência como a base da formação do pedagogo