Multimedia para la enseñanza de la asignatura economía regional y desarrollo local de la carrera economía

Los medios de enseñanza como elemento fundamental para el desarrollo de la actividad congnitiva y el aprendizaje requiere en el contexto actual del vínculo de forma eficiente con el empleo de las Técnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs). Por tal razón el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo: Diseñar una multimedia para la enseñanza de la asignatura de Economía Regional y Desarrollo Local que se imparte a estudiantes de 4to. año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Economía. La multimedia confeccionada es una herramienta de trabajo de gran utilidad ya que permite la generalización, sistematización e integración delos conocimientos, es de fácil manejo y transportación, la información que contiene no se encuentra en los diferentes soportes alcanzables, ya sean en formato digital o impresos y su búsqueda se hace engorrosa, además no existe un documento específico que contenga dicha información. Estos elementos ayudan a resolver la problemática para la impartición de la asignatura que solo contaba con el texto básico impreso del año 2006 y bibliografía en soporte digital dispersa, y además carece de los niveles de actualización.Los medios de enseñanza como elemento fundamental para el desarrollo de la actividad congnitiva y el aprendizaje requiere en el contexto actual del vínculo de forma eficiente con el empleo de las Técnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs). Por tal razón el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo: Diseñar una multimedia para la enseñanza de la asignatura de Economía Regional y Desarrollo Local que se imparte a estudiantes de 4to. año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Economía. La multimedia confeccionada es una herramienta de trabajo de gran utilidad ya que permite la generalización, sistematización e integración delos conocimientos, es de fácil manejo y transportación, la información que contiene no se encuentra en los diferentes soportes alcanzables, ya sean en formato digital o impresos y su búsqueda se hace engorrosa, además no existe un documento específico que contenga dicha información. Estos elementos ayudan a resolver la problemática para la impartición de la asignatura que solo contaba con el texto básico impreso del año 2006 y bibliografía en soporte digital dispersa, y además carece de los niveles de actualización.The teaching means like fundamental element for the development of the knowledge, and the learning requires in the current context of the bond in an efficient way with the employment of the Técnologías of the Information and the Communications (TICs). For such a reason the present work has as objective: To design a multimedia for the teaching of the subject of Regional Economy and Local Development that it is imparted students of 4to. year of the career of Degree in Economy. The made multimedia is since a tool of work of great utility it allows the generalization, systematizing and integration of the knowledge, it is of easy handling and transportation. The information that contains is not in the different ones you support alcanzables, be already in digital format or forms and its search becomes annoying, a specific document that contains this information doesn't also exist. These elements help to solve the problem for the impartición of the subject that alone it had the text basic form of the year 2006and bibliography in dispersed digital support, and it also lacks the levels of upgrade

LA IDENTIDAD DE LA FAMILIA. RETOS DEL CAMBIO EDUCATIVO EN LOS MOMENTOS ACTUALES: LA IDENTIDAD DE LA FAMILIA. RETOS DEL CAMBIO EDUCATIVO EN LOS MOMENTOS ACTUALES

Economic, socio-political changes and the challenges of development in the scientific-technical field in an increasingly globalized world impose on education the challenge of the integral formation of new generations whenever they have to be prepared to face the accelerated pace of the scientific revolution - predominant technique. Communication responds to the research project Management competencies in education, which takes place at the University of Las Tunas. Working the family identity from the initial training of the professional of Pedagogy-Psychology, is an imperative need in these times of so many changes and transformations that are happening today's Cuban society, where the family is not alien to them if we take into account that these professionals they will be in charge of guiding and advising the formative work that takes place in the school and in other educational institutions. In the research an analysis of the definition of identity is carried out and the main challenges, challenges and perspectives on which this professional must be prepared for his actions in pre-professional practice are shown. We used research methods of theoretical and empirical level that allowed us to corroborate the need to study this problem, based on the problems that the family presents in the fulfillment of its basic functions, despite the diversity and types with which today it has Cuban society.Los cambios económicos, sociopolíticos y los desafíos del desarrollo en el campo científico-técnico en un mundo cada vez más globalizado imponen a la educación el reto de la formación integral de las nuevas generaciones toda vez que tienen que estar preparados para enfrentar el ritmo acelerado de la revolución científico – técnica predominante. La comunicación responde al proyecto de investigación Competencias de dirección en educación, que se desarrolla en la Universidad de Las Tunas. Trabajar la identidad familiar desde la formación inicial del profesional de Pedagogía-Psicología, constituye una necesidad imperiosa en estos tiempos de tantos cambios y transformaciones que están ocurriendo la sociedad cubana actual, donde la familia no está ajena a ellos si tenemos en cuenta que estos profesionales serán los encargados de orientar y asesorar la labor formativaque se desarrolla en la escuela y en otras instituciones educativas. En la investigación se realiza un análisis de la definición de identidad y se muestran los principales retos, desafíos y perspectivas sobre los cuales debe estar preparado este profesional para su accionar en la práctica pre profesional. Fueron utilizados métodos de investigación de nivel teórico y empírico que permitieron corroborar la necesidad del estudio de esta problemática, a partir de los problemas que presenta la familia en el cumplimiento de sus funciones básicas, a pesar de la diversidad y tipos con los que hoy cuenta la sociedad cubana

Incidence of cardiovascular events and associated risk factors in kidney transplant patients: a competing risks survival analysis

[Abstract] Background: The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among the renal transplant population accounts for increased mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of cardiovascular events and factors associated with cardiovascular events in these patients. Methods: An observational ambispective follow-up study of renal transplant recipients (n = 2029) in the health district of A Coruña (Spain) during the period 1981-2011 was completed. Competing risk survival analysis methods were applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of developing cardiovascular events over time and to identify which characteristics were associated with the risk of these events. Post-transplant cardiovascular events are defined as the presence of myocardial infarction, invasive coronary artery therapy, cerebral vascular events, new-onset angina, congestive heart failure, rhythm disturbances, peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular disease and death. The cause of death was identified through the medical history and death certificate using ICD9 (390-459, except: 427.5, 435, 446, 459.0). Results: The mean age of patients at the time of transplantation was 47.0 ± 14.2 years; 62% were male. 16.5% had suffered some cardiovascular disease prior to transplantation and 9.7% had suffered a cardiovascular event. The mean follow-up period for the patients with cardiovascular event was 3.5 ± 4.3 years. Applying competing risk methodology, it was observed that the accumulated incidence of the event was 5.0% one year after transplantation, 8.1% after five years, and 11.9% after ten years. After applying multivariate models, the variables with an independent effect for predicting cardiovascular events are: male sex, age of recipient, previous cardiovascular disorders, pre-transplant smoking and post-transplant diabetes. Conclusions: This study makes it possible to determine in kidney transplant patients, taking into account competitive events, the incidence of post-transplant cardiovascular events and the risk factors of these events. Modifiable risk factors are identified, owing to which, changes in said factors would have a bearing of the incidence of events

Obesity and asthma: an association modified by age

[Abstract] Background. Some studies indicate some causal relationship between obesity and asthma, while others show inconsistent results. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of asthma according to obesity in children. Methods. A cross-sectional study, following the ISAAC study methodology, was conducted on two randomly selected groups consisting of 6–7 year-old children (n = 7485) and 13–14 year-old adolescents (n = 8496). The asthma symptoms and potential risk factors were determined from the questionnaire. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the body mass index. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Obesity was associated with an increase in wheezing ever (OR: 1.35) and exercise-induced asthma (OR: 1.62) in the 6–7 year-old group. No significant relationship was observed in the adolescent population. Conclusion. Obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in young children, but not in adolescents

A randomized clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of CO-oximetry and anti-smoking brief advice in a cohort of kidney transplant patients who smoke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Randomized controlled trial[Abstract]Background: The cardiovascular risk in renal transplant patients is increased in patients who continue to smoke after transplantation. The aim of the study is to measure the effectiveness of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurement plus brief advisory sessions, in comparison to brief advice, to reduce smoking exposure and smoking behavior in kidney transplant recipients who smoke. The effectiveness will be measured by: (1) abandonment of smoking, (2) increase in motivation to stop smoking, and (3) reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Design: a randomized, controlled, open clinical trial with blinded evaluation. Scope: A Coruña Hospital (Spain), reference to renal transplantation in the period 2012-2015. Inclusion criteria: renal transplant patients who smoke in the precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stages according to the Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change model, and who give their consent to participate. Exclusion criteria: smokers attempting to stop smoking, patients with terminal illness or mental disability that prevents them from participating. Randomization: patients will be randomized to the control group (brief advisory session) or the intervention group (brief advisory session plus measuring exhaled CO). The sample target size is n = 112, with 56 patients in each group. Allowing for up to 10 % loss to follow-up, this would provide 80 % power to detect a 13 % difference in attempting to give up smoking outcomes at a two-tailed significance level of 5 %. Measurements: sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, treatment, rejection episodes, infections, self-reported smoking habit, drug use, level of dependence (the Fagerström test), stage of change (Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change model), and motivation to giving up smoking (the Richmond test). Response: the effectiveness will be evaluated every 3, 6, 9 and 12 months as: pattern of tobacco use (self-reported tobacco use), smoking cessation rates, carbon monoxide (CO) levels in exhaled air measured by CO-oximetry, urinary cotinine tests, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test), motivational stages of change (Prochaska and DiClemente's stages) and motivation to stop smoking (the Richmond test). Analysis: descriptive statistics and linear/logistic multiple regression models will be performed. Clinical relevance will be measured as relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and the number needed to treat. Ethics: informed consent of the patients and Ethical Review Board was obtained (code 2011/061). Discussion: Tobacco is a modifiable risk factor that increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. If effectiveness of CO-oximetry is confirmed to reduce tobacco exposure, we would have an intervention that is easy to use, low cost and with great implications about cardiovascular risk prevention in these patients.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI11/0135

Occupational accidents of those exposed to biological risks at health institutions

Introducción: el accidente de trabajo es un hecho repentino relacionado causalmente con la actividad laboral, provocando al trabajador daño, enfermedad o muerte. En el sector Salud ocurren por el contagio de un agente patógeno o un daño accidental. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la accidentalidad laboral en trabajadores expuestos a riesgos biológicos en instituciones de salud de la provincia Pinar del Río. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con un universo de 87 trabajadores de la salud accidentados por riesgo biológico en la provincia durante 2014-2015. Se revisaron las 87 encuestas epidemiológicas disponibles para obtener la información de las variables seleccionadas. Resultados: se reportaron 87 accidentes por riesgo biológico, predominando mujeres (78,2%) con edades entre 25-34 años. Incidieron más los trabajadores de laboratorios (27,6%) y el personal de enfermería (26,4%), con experiencia de 5 a 9 años. El 95,4% de los accidentados por riesgo biológico presentaron lesiones en manos con piel íntegra. El 48,3% de los trabajadores se realizaron lavado y desinfección de la herida, mientras el 21,8% facilitó el sangrado y otro 21,8% solamente se lavó la herida. Conclusiones: el mayor riesgo de accidentalidad en trabajadores de la salud está en el contacto con sangre y sus derivados. Las lesiones por pinchazos profundos son una causa importante de exposición a enfermedades graves y en ocasiones mortales. La mala calidad de los medios de protección pudiera incidir en la ocurrencia de accidentes. Se requiere una adecuación del Programa de Seguridad Biológica que tome en cuenta factores de comportamiento humano

Exposure to paracetamol and asthma symptoms

Multicenter study[Abstract] Background: Paracetamol is one of the factors that have been associated with the observed increase in asthma prevalence in the last few years. The influence of environmental or genetic factors in this disease may be different in some countries than in others. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between the paracetamol consumption and asthma prevalence in our community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on more than 20,000 children and adolescents in Galicia, Spain. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood methodology was used to collect the information on asthma symptoms in children, paracetamol consumption, body mass index (BMI), pets in the home, education level of the mother and parental asthma and smoking habits. The influence of paracetamol consumption on the prevalence of asthma symptoms was calculated using logistic regression, adjusted for the other parameters included in the study. Results: After adjusting for gender, BMI, having a cat or dog, maternal education, parental asthma and smoking, in 6- to 7-year-old children, the consumption of paracetamol during the first year of life is associated with asthma [odds ratio (OR) 2.04 (1.79-2.31) for wheezing at some time]. Paracetamol consumption in the previous year leads to a significant increase in the probability of wheezing at some time [OR 3.32 (2.51-4.41)] in young children and adolescents [OR 2.12 (1.68-2.67)]. Conclusions: Paracetamol consumption is associated with a significant increase in asthma symptoms. The effect is greater the more often the drug is taken

Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma

[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of the childhood population in this community and its relationship with asthma symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire on children and adolescents in this community. The symptoms "wheezing ever", "current asthma", "severe asthma", and "exercise-induced asthma" were defined by this questionnaire. Parental smoking was classified into four mutually exclusive categories: 1) no parent smokes; 2) only the mother smokes; 3) only the father smokes; and 4) both parents smoke. The odds ratio of the prevalence of asthma symptoms according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression. Results: A total of 10,314 children and 10,453 adolescents were included. Over 51% of the children and adolescents were exposed to ETS at home. ETS is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms, particularly if the mother or both parents smoke. Conclusion: The prevalence of ETS is still high in this community, although there has been a decreasing tendency in the last 15 years. ETS is associated with higher prevalence of asthma