Encoding information onto the charge and spin state of a paramagnetic atom using MgO tunnelling spintronics

An electrical current that flows across individual atoms or molecules can generate exotic quantum-based behavior, from memristive effects to Coulomb blockade and the promotion of quantum excited states. These fundamental effects typically appear one at a time in model junctions built using atomic tip or lateral techniques. So far, however, a viable industrial pathway for such discrete state devices has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a commercialized device platform can serve as this industrial pathway for quantum technologies. We have studied magnetic tunnel junctions with a MgO barrier containing C atoms. The paramagnetic localized electrons due to individual C atoms generate parallel nanotransport paths across the micronic device as deduced from magnetotransport experiments. Coulomb blockade effects linked to tunnelling magnetoresistance peaks can be electrically controlled, leading to a persistent memory effect. Our results position MgO tunneling spintronics as a promising platform to industrially implement quantum technologies

Accessing nanoscopic polarization reversal processes in an organic ferroelectric thin film

International audienceTowards eliminating toxic substances from electronic devices, Croconic Acid (CA) has great potential as a sublimable organic ferroelectric material. While studies on CA thin films are just beginning to emerge, its capability to be integrated in nanodevices remains unexplored. We demonstrate at the laterally nanoscopic scale robust ferroelectric switching of a stable enduring polarization at room temperature in CA thin films, without leakage. The challenging ferroelectric characterization at the nanoscale is performed using a unique combination of piezoresponse force microscopy, polarization switching current spectroscopy and concurrent strain response. This helps rationalize the otherwise asymmetric polarization-voltage hysteresis due to background noise limited undetectable switching currents, which are statistically averaged in macrojunctions but become prevalent at the nanoscale. Apart from successfully estimating the nanoscopic polarization in CA thin films, we show that CA is a promising lead-free organic ferroelectric towards nanoscale device integration. Our results, being valid irrespective of the ferroelectrics' nature; organic or inorganic, pave the way for fundamental understandings and technological applications of nanoscopic polarization reversal mechanisms

Strain-induced magnetization control in an oxide multiferroic heterostructure

Controlling magnetism by using electric fields is a goal of research towards novel spintronic devices and future nanoelectronics. For this reason, multiferroic heterostructures attract much interest. Here we provide experimental evidence, and supporting density functional theory analysis, of a transition in La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 thin film to a stable ferromagnetic phase, that is induced by the structural and strain properties of the ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) substrate, which can be modified by applying external electric fields. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements on Mn L edges with a synchrotron radiation show, in fact, two magnetic transitions as a function of temperature that correspond to structural changes of the BTO substrate. We also show that ferromagnetism, absent in the pristine condition at room temperature, can be established by electrically switching the BTO ferroelectric domains in the out-of-plane direction. The present results confirm that electrically induced strain can be exploited to control magnetism in multiferroic oxide heterostructures

Strain-engineering of magnetic anisotropy in Co x Ni 1 − x − SrTiO 3 / SrTiO 3 (001) vertically assembled nanocomposites

International audienceUltrathin CoxNi1−x alloy nanowires vertically embedded in SrTiO3 /SrTiO3 (001) thin films were grown using a self-assembly approach based on sequential pulsed laser deposition. Due to vertical epitaxial coupling of the metallic and oxide phases, a large average tensile strain of up to 4% arises within the nanowires, which is evidenced using a combination of x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Macroscopic magnetometry experiments are used to demonstrate that this huge deformation allows to enhance the uniaxial anisotropy of the nanowires, leading to saturation field in excess of 1 T in the hard direction, large coercive field at low temperature along the easy axis, and to a blocking temperature exceeding 600 K in the case of nanowires with a diameter of 5 nm and 78% Co content. These data are complemented with angular dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the Co and Ni L2,3-edges. The value of the magnetic moment was extracted from these measurements by applying sum rules and the anisotropy of the orbital moment was investigated

Giant magneto-electric coupling in 100 nm thick Co capped by ZnO nanorods

14ere we report a giant, completely reversible magneto–electric coupling of 100 nm polycrystalline Co layer in contact with ZnO nanorods. When the sample is under an applied bias of ±2 V, the Co magnetic coercivity is reduced by a factor 5 from the un-poled case, with additionally a reduction of total magnetic moment in Co. Taking into account the chemical properties of ZnO nanorods measured by X-rays absorption near edge spectroscopy under bias, we conclude that these macroscopic effects on the magnetic response of the Co layer are due to the microstructure and the strong strain-driven magneto–electric coupling induced by the ZnO nanorods, whose nanostructuration maximizes the piezoelectric response under bias.reservedmixedVinai, Giovanni; Ressel, Barbara; Torelli, Piero; Loi, Federico; Gobaut, Benoit; Ciancio, Regina; Casarin, Barbara; Caretta, Antonio; Capasso, Luca; Parmigiani, Fulvio; Cugini, Francesco; Solzi, Massimo; Malvestuto, Marco; Ciprian, Roberta*Vinai, Giovanni; Ressel, Barbara; Torelli, Piero; Loi, Federico; Gobaut, Benoit; Ciancio, Regina; Casarin, Barbara; Caretta, Antonio; Capasso, Luca; Parmigiani, Fulvio; Cugini, Francesco; Solzi, Massimo; Malvestuto, Marco; Ciprian, Robert

Systèmes épitaxiés combinant oxydes et semiconducteurs

7-8 avril 2014International audienceno abstrac

Role and optimization of the active oxide layer in TiO2-based RRAM

TiO2 is commonly used as the active switching layer in resistive random access memory (RRAM). The electrical characteristics of these devices are directly related to the fundamental conditions inside the TiO2 layer and at the interfaces between it and the surrounding electrodes. However, it is complex to disentangle the effects of film &ldquo;bulk&rdquo; properties and interface phenomena. The present work uses hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) at different excitation energies to distinguish between these regimes. Changes are found to affect the entire thin film, but the most dramatic effects are confined to an interface. These changes are connected to oxygen ions moving and redistributing within the film. Based on the HAXPES results, post-deposition annealing of the TiO2 thin film was investigated as a possible optimisation pathway in order to reach an ideal compromise between device resistivity and lifetime. The structural and chemical changes upon annealing are investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and are further supported by a range of bulk and surface sensitive characterisation methods. In summary, it is shown that the management of oxygen content and interface quality is intrinsically important to device behaviour and that careful annealing procedures are a powerful device optimisation technique.</span

Quantum advantage in a spintronic engine with coherently coupled ultrafast strokes using molecular superexchange

Recent theory and experiments have showcased how to harness quantum mechanics to assemble heat/information engines with efficiencies that surpass the classical Carnot limit. So far, implementing work-producing quantum resources has required atomic engines driven by external laser and microwave energy sources We propose a spin electronic implementation that operates autonomously. Our concept heuristically deploys several known quantum resources upon placing a quantum-entangled chain of spin qubits formed by the Co centers of phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules between electron-spin selecting Fe/C60 interfaces. Density functional calculations reveal that transport fluctuation strokes across the interfaces can stabilize spin coherence on the Co paramagnetic centers, which host spin swap engine strokes. Across solid-state vertical molecular nanojunctions, we measure large enduring dc current generation, sizeable output power above room temperature, and two quantum thermodynamical signatures. The Fe/C60 interface's record 89% spin polarization also enables a spintronic feedback and control over the flow and direction of charge current. Beyond these first results, further research into spintronic quantum engines, and retooling the spintronic-based information technology chain7, could help accelerate the transition to clean energy.Comment:

Outcomes of minimally invasive simple prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: (1) To assess the outcomes of minimally invasive simple prostatectomy (MISP) for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with large prostates and (2) to compare them with open simple prostatectomy (OSP). METHODS: A systematic review of outcomes of MISP for benign prostatic hyperplasia with meta-analysis was conducted. The article selection process was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Twenty-seven observational studies with 764 patients were analyzed. The mean prostate volume was 113.5 ml (95 % CI 106-121). The mean increase in Qmax was 14.3 ml/s (95 % CI 13.1-15.6), and the mean improvement in IPSS was 17.2 (95 % CI 15.2-19.2). Mean duration of operation was 141 min (95 % CI 124-159), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 284 ml (95 % CI 243-325). One hundred and four patients (13.6 %) developed a surgical complication. In comparative studies, length of hospital stay (WMD -1.6 days, p = 0.02), length of catheter use (WMD -1.3 days, p = 0.04) and estimated blood loss (WMD -187 ml, p = 0.015) were significantly lower in the MISP group, while the duration of operation was longer than in OSP (WMD 37.8 min, p &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences in improvements in Qmax, IPSS and perioperative complications between both procedures. The small study sizes, publication bias, lack of systematic complication reporting and short follow-up are limitations. CONCLUSIONS: MISP seems an effective and safe treatment option. It provides similar improvements in Qmax and IPSS as OSP. Despite taking longer, it results in less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. Prospective randomized studies comparing OSP, MISP and laser enucleation are needed to define the standard surgical treatment for large prostates