Uses of Figures of Speech in Selected Speeches of Jerry Falwell

As early as 350 B.C. Aristotle was cultivating concepts of language usage. It addition to the principles of clarity, accuracy, appropriateness and vividness, he developed concepts on the uses of the metaphor as a stylistic tool. The study of style and its adaptation continued to the Roman Age and the early study of rhetoric in England. During the eighteenth-century various rhetoricians began analyzing style more closely. Francis Bacon noted the ill and unfit choice of words wonderfully obstructs the understanding. He analyzed words and word combinations and their effect on interpretation. Adam Smith instructed that style was the common element present in all communication. He believed that style should have an established position as a canon of rhetoric. He summarized the progress of language and warned against an excessive reliance on tropes and figures of speech. Hugh Blair, at the University of Edinburgh presented a series of forty-seven lectures, fifteen of which dealt with style. Blair believed style has always some reference to an author\u27s manner of thinking. It is a picture of the ideas which rise in his mind, and of the manner in which they rise there. Blair insisted that the tropes and figures of speech be suited to the subject matter addressed and that subjects not be elevated through the use of figures of speech that were not appropriate to the content. During the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, the study of style and the use of the figures of speech continued. John Genung, a professor at Amherst College, in The Working Principles of Rhetoric, included teachings on the appropriate use of various language choices and the figures of speech. He, like the earlier rhetoricians, set forth guidelines for employing these devices and warned against the overuse or use that is contrary to content. Since the early nineteenth century, it seems that the analysis of the figures of speech as a rhetorical tool has diminished. Ten Fundamentals of Speech and Public Speaking textbooks published between 1979 and 1981 were analyzed to determine the extent to which figures of speech were discussed. Of these ten, four made no mention of the figures of speech. The treatment of the figures by the remaining six varied in emphasis. Three included the figures of speech in language choice. James R. Andrews in Essentials of Public Communication identified six figures of speech--metaphor, alliteration, irony, antithesis, personification, eptamorthosis--as they pertained to the speaker\u27s choice of interesting language. Consequently, the origin of this study also stemmed in part from a desire to extend the scope of individuals studied in terms of rhetorical methods used

To Say or Not; To Do or Not — Those are the Questions: Sexual Harassment and the Basic Course Instructor

Although men and women may be the victims of sexual harassment, the majority of women will experience harassment in the classroom and/or on the job. Harassment in the classroom occurs often out of ignorance of knowing what constitutes harassing behaviors. Those feeling harassed often are not the only victims in these situations. Many victims of harassment are the inexperienced instructor or graduate assistant who realize too late that their well-intended actions have been received differently. The specific parameters of what constitutes harassing behaviors and its prevalence are examined. A training module is offered which presents guidelines for the basic course director to use in acquainting his or her staff with appropriate actions to guard against sexual harassment complaints

NCC simulation model. Phase 2: Simulating the operations of the Network Control Center and NCC message manual

The network control center (NCC) provides scheduling, monitoring, and control of services to the NASA space network. The space network provides tracking and data acquisition services to many low-earth orbiting spacecraft. This report describes the second phase in the development of simulation models for the FCC. Phase one concentrated on the computer systems and interconnecting network.Phase two focuses on the implementation of the network message dialogs and the resources controlled by the NCC. Performance measures were developed along with selected indicators of the NCC's operational effectiveness.The NCC performance indicators were defined in terms of the following: (1) transfer rate, (2) network delay, (3) channel establishment time, (4) line turn around time, (5) availability, (6) reliability, (7) accuracy, (8) maintainability, and (9) security. An NCC internal and external message manual is appended to this report

Peer Mentoring in College Freshmen: Effects on Physical and Mental Health

Poster from the 2018 Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo. Poster Session: Wellness and Public Health

A single H/ACA small nucleolar RNA mediates tumor suppression downstream of oncogenic RAS.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a diverse group of non-coding RNAs that direct chemical modifications at specific residues on other RNA molecules, primarily on ribosomal RNA (rRNA). SnoRNAs are altered in several cancers; however, their role in cell homeostasis as well as in cellular transformation remains poorly explored. Here, we show that specific subsets of snoRNAs are differentially regulated during the earliest cellular response to oncogenic RASG12V expression. We describe a novel function for one H/ACA snoRNA, SNORA24, which guides two pseudouridine modifications within the small ribosomal subunit, in RAS-induced senescence in vivo. We find that in mouse models, loss of Snora24 cooperates with RASG12V to promote the development of liver cancer that closely resembles human steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). From a clinical perspective, we further show that human HCCs with low SNORA24 expression display increased lipid content and are associated with poor patient survival. We next asked whether ribosomes lacking SNORA24-guided pseudouridine modifications on 18S rRNA have alterations in their biophysical properties. Single-molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analyses revealed that these ribosomes exhibit perturbations in aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) selection and altered pre-translocation ribosome complex dynamics. Furthermore, we find that HCC cells lacking SNORA24-guided pseudouridine modifications have increased translational miscoding and stop codon readthrough frequencies. These findings highlight a role for specific snoRNAs in safeguarding against oncogenic insult and demonstrate a functional link between H/ACA snoRNAs regulated by RAS and the biophysical properties of ribosomes in cancer

Situating support for people living with rarer forms of dementia

BACKGROUND: Awareness of a multitude of diseases that can cause neurodegenerative decline and their unique symptom profiles in the dementia care and support sectors remains limited. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis and post-diagnostic care and support is a challenge for many people and their families. As part of a larger study examining multi-component forms of support for people living with rarer dementias, the aim of this present study was to examine how rare dementia was situated within the complex social groupings, their organization and embedded discursive constructions that broadly form dementia care and support delivery. METHODS: Adopting a situational analysis approach, we undertook an examination of public documents and organizational websites within the support sector for people living with dementia in Canada, England, and Wales. We also surveyed professionals to further explore the situation at the point of care and support delivery. Consistent with our approach, data collection and analysis occurred concurrently including the development of a series of analytic maps. RESULTS: Recognizing the complexities within the situation, our findings provided new insights on the situated structures for support action and the discursive representations that illuminate both the limitations of the current support landscape and possibilities for a more flexible and tailored rare dementia support. Alongside, the predominant universal versus tailored support positionings within our data reinforced the complexity from which a promising new social space for people living with rarer dementias is being cultivated. CONCLUSIONS: The social worlds engaged in supportive action with people living with rare dementia are less visible within the shadow of a universally constructed dementia support milieu and appear to be negotiated within this powerful arena. However, their evolving organization and discursive constructions point to an emerging new social space for people living with rarer conditions

Improving Clinical Prediction of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders in Youth.

This report evaluates whether classification tree algorithms (CTA) may improve the identification of individuals at risk for bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD). Analyses used the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) cohort (629 youth, 148 with BPSD and 481 without BPSD). Parent ratings of mania symptoms, stressful life events, parenting stress, and parental history of mania were included as risk factors. Comparable overall accuracy was observed for CTA (75.4%) relative to logistic regression (77.6%). However, CTA showed increased sensitivity (0.28 vs. 0.18) at the expense of slightly decreased specificity and positive predictive power. The advantage of CTA algorithms for clinical decision making is demonstrated by the combinations of predictors most useful for altering the probability of BPSD. The 24% sample probability of BPSD was substantially decreased in youth with low screening and baseline parent ratings of mania, negative parental history of mania, and low levels of stressful life events (2%). High screening plus high baseline parent-rated mania nearly doubled the BPSD probability (46%). Future work will benefit from examining additional, powerful predictors, such as alternative data sources (e.g., clinician ratings, neurocognitive test data); these may increase the clinical utility of CTA models further

Stability of Satellite Planes in M31 II: Effects of the Dark Subhalo Population

The planar arrangement of nearly half the satellite galaxies of M31 has been a source of mystery and speculation since it was discovered. With a growing number of other host galaxies showing these satellite galaxy planes, their stability and longevity have become central to the debate on whether the presence of satellite planes are a natural consequence of prevailing cosmological models, or represent a challenge. Given the dependence of their stability on host halo shape, we look into how a galaxy plane's dark matter environment influences its longevity. An increased number of dark matter subhalos results in increased interactions that hasten the deterioration of an already-formed plane of satellite galaxies in spherical dark halos. The role of total dark matter mass fraction held in subhalos in dispersing a plane of galaxies present non trivial effects on plane longevity as well. But any misalignments of plane inclines to major axes of flattened dark matter halos lead to their lifetimes being reduced to < 3 Gyrs. Distributing > 40% of total dark mass in subhalos in the overall dark matter distribution results in a plane of satellite galaxies that is prone to change through the 5 Gyr integration time period.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRAS September 22 201