Selective Attention for Context-aware Neural Machine Translation

Despite the progress made in sentence-level NMT, current systems still fall short at achieving fluent, good quality translation for a full document. Recent works in context-aware NMT consider only a few previous sentences as context and may not scale to entire documents. To this end, we propose a novel and scalable top-down approach to hierarchical attention for context-aware NMT which uses sparse attention to selectively focus on relevant sentences in the document context and then attends to key words in those sentences. We also propose single-level attention approaches based on sentence or word-level information in the context. The document-level context representation, produced from these attention modules, is integrated into the encoder or decoder of the Transformer model depending on whether we use monolingual or bilingual context. Our experiments and evaluation on English-German datasets in different document MT settings show that our selective attention approach not only significantly outperforms context-agnostic baselines but also surpasses context-aware baselines in most cases.Comment: Accepted at NAACL-HLT 201

SOME IMPORTANT SELEUCID AND PARTHIAN DATES IN THE BABYLONIAN GOAL-YEAR TEXTS

SOME IMPORTANT SELEUCID AND PARTHIAN DATESIN THE BABYLONIAN GOAL-YEAR TEXT

SOME REMARKS ON THE CHRONOLOGY AND COINAGE OF THE PARTHIAN “DARK AGE

SOME REMARKS ON THE CHRONOLOGY AND COINAGEOF THE PARTHIAN “DARK AG

The effect of the magnetically dead layer on the magnetization and the magnetic anisotropy of the dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles

We present a study on the magnetic behavior of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles (DM NPs) with sizes between 3 and 19 nm, synthesized by hydrothermal-assisted co-precipitation method. The decrease of saturation magnetization (M-s) with decreasing particle size has been modeled by assuming the existence of a spin-disordered layer at the particle surface, which is magnetically dead. Based on this core-shell model and taking into account the weight contribution of non-magnetic coating layer (dextran) to the whole magnetization, the dead layer thickness (t) and saturation magnetization M-s of the magnetic cores in our samples were estimated to be t = 6.8 angstrom and M-s = 98.8 emu/g, respectively. The data of M-s were analyzed using a law of approach to saturation, indicating an increase in effective magnetic anisotropy (K-eff) with decreasing the particle size as expected from the increased surface/volume ratio in small MNPs. The obtained K-eff values were successfully modeled by including an extra contribution of dipolar interactions due to the formation of chain-like clusters of MNPs. The surface magnetic anisotropy (K-s) was estimated to be about K-s = 1.04x10(5) J/m(3). Our method provides a simple and accurate way to obtain the M-s core values in surface-disordered MNPs, a relevant parameter required for magnetic modeling in many applications. GRAPHICS]

Involvement of polyamine metabolism in the response of Medicago truncatula genotypes to salt stress

Salinity constitutes one of the most important causes leading to severe reduction in plant yield. Several reports correlate the accumulation of polyamines in plants with tolerance to abiotic stress cues. The present study examined three Medicago truncatula genotypes with differing sensitivities to salinity (TN1.11, tolerant; Jemalong A17, moderately sensitive; TN6.18, sensitive), with the aim of examining the genotype-specific involvement of the polyamine metabolic pathway in plant response to salinity. The study was carried out with leaves harvested 48 h after watering plants with 200 mM NaCl. A comprehensive profile of free polyamines was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. All genotypes showed spermidine and spermine as the most abundant polyamines under control conditions. In salinity conditions, spermine levels increased at the expense of putrescine and spermidine, indicating a drift of polyamine metabolism towards the synthesis of increasing polycationic forms as a stress response. The increasing balance between high and low polycationic forms was clearly diminished in the salt-sensitive genotype TN6.18, showing a clear correlation with its sensitive phenotype. The polyamine metabolic profile was then supported by molecular evidence through the examination of polyamine metabolism transcript levels by RT-qPCR. General suppression of genes that are involved upstream in the PA biosynthetic pathway was determined. Contrarily, an induction in the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of spermine and spermidine was observed, in agreement with the metabolic analysis. A significant induction in diamino oxidase expression, involved in the catabolism of putrescine, was specifically found in the sensitive genotype ΤΝ6.18, indicating a distinct metabolic response to stress. Present findings highlight the involvement of polyamines in the defense response of Medicago genotypes showing sensitivity to salt stress

Brood production of Barbus xanthopterus by fingerling rearing

This study has been carried out to determine the possibility of producing Gattan fish (Barbus xanthopterus) brooders in captivity condition. For this reason during in year 2004-2005, 600 specimen of Gattan in three pond and in 2008, from two local point shilat and research center, 200 specimen in two ponds were placed. The area of each pond was 1800 square meters. In the first period of rearing, total weight and total length of nearly two years old brooders reached to 989 g and 44 cm respectively. All of the fishes were male (except one case) and they had become mature. In second rearing period, 27 percent of shilat specimens and 42 percent of research center specimens were female. In 22 months old fishes, the males and females of shilat specimens reached to mean weight 716 and 658 g and mean length 382 and 365 cm respectively. Also, the male and females of research center specimens reached to mean weight was 1195 and 11064 g and mean length 443 and 425 cm respectively, when they were 22 months old. The absolute and specific growth rate in two rearing periods showed ascending trend and the 100 percent of brooders were survived. The male fishes were matured in 2 years old and the mature female fishes were not observed. The brooders response to pituitary extract in research center specimens was found to be more than shilat specimens

Multifunctionality of polypyrrole polyethyleneoxide composites: Concurrent sensing, actuation and energy storage

In films of conducting polymers, the electrochemical reaction(s) drive the simultaneous variation of different material properties (reaction multifunctionality). Here, we present a parallel study of actuation-sensing-energy storage triple functionality of polypyrrole (PPy) blends with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS-), PPy/DBS, without and with inclusion of polyethyleneoxide, PPy-PEO/DBS. The characterization of the response of both materials in aqueous solutions of four different salts indicated that all of the actuating, sensing and charge storage responses were, independent of the electrolyte, present for both materials, but stronger for the PPy-PEO/DBS films: 1.4× higher strains, 1.3× higher specific charge densities, 2.5× higher specific capacitances and increased ion-sensitivity towards the studied counterions. For both materials, the reaction energy, the material potential and the strain variations adapt to and sense the electrical and chemical (exchanged cation) conditions. The driving and the response of actuation, sensing and charge can be controlled/read, simultaneously, via just two connecting wires. Only the cooperative actuation of chemical macromolecular motors from functional cells has such chemical multifunctionality. © 2020 by the authors

Evaluating environmental effects in construction and demolition waste recycling plant with the Iranian Leopold Matrix method

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recycling and reusing construction and demolition debris is a productive step toward solving this problem. Still, the recycling process also leaves industrial effluents, which is evident in producing recycled sand. The present research has investigated the environmental effects of recycling construction debris at sand recycling plants. Considering the negative impacts of sand washing mud produced at the plant in the Aab'Ali Landfill of Tehran in Iran, the material's physicochemical characteristics and environmental impact have also been investigated to regulate practices.                        METHODS: The Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out in physicochemical, biological, socio-cultural, and economic-technical areas. Due to the large dispersion of the studied soil and the composition diversity in each sampling, 30 samples of the sand washing mud and the material mixed with the surrounding soil have been collected. The exploitation phase during the factory construction plan's implementation stage was considered the current research's main phase. Hence, 13 micro activities and 23 environmental parameters were identified, and the results were analyzed in the Environmental Impact Assessment Plus Software using the Iranian Leopold Matrix method and discussed based on the results of the experiments.FINDINGS: According to the results of the matrix calculation, the three micro-activities included washing the sand through a sand-washing machine, fine sand washing through the EvoWash machine with a score of -3.6, converting concrete pieces and large boulders into smaller pieces by jackhammers, transferring to the jaw crusher machine with a score of -2.8, and transferring the remaining sand washing mud produced by the EvoWash machine to the storage pond with a score of -2.7 had the most negative effects. The three micro-activities of waste processing for green space irrigation (+2.2), selling products (+0.9), and hiring employees with a score of +0.5 have the most positive effects on the environment. As ranking smaller than -31 forming 50% of the total average of rows and columns, the activity of the plant and the sand extraction process in this landfill is approved by providing modification alternatives.CONCLUSION: Considering the positive impact on the economy, increasing green spaces in the region, job creation, and also reducing the amount of increasing debris accumulated in the landfill is evaluated positively and can be done considering the reforms; including the prevention of releasing remnant sand washing mud freely and recycling it instead. Reusing the sand washing mud requires improving the water purification systems used in the EvoWash machine

Supersymmetric solutions of PT-/non-PT-symmetric and non-Hermitian Screened Coulomb potential via Hamiltonian hierarchy inspired variational method

The supersymmetric solutions of PT-symmetric and Hermitian/non-Hermitian forms of quantum systems are obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation for the Exponential-Cosine Screened Coulomb potential. The Hamiltonian hierarchy inspired variational method is used to obtain the approximate energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions.Comment: 13 page

Optimization of Brain Tumor MR Image Classification Accuracy Using Optimal Threshold, PCA and Training ANFIS with Different Repetitions.

BACKGROUND: One of the leading causes of death is brain tumors. Accurate tumor classification leads to appropriate decision making and providing the most efficient treatment to the patients. This study aims to optimize brain tumor MR images classification accuracy using optimal threshold, PCA and training Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with different repetitions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The procedure used in this study consists of five steps: (1) T1, T2 weighted images collection, (2) tumor separation with different threshold levels, (3) feature extraction, (4) presence and absence of feature reduction applying principal component analysis (PCA) and (5) ANFIS classification with 0, 20 and 200 training repetitions. RESULTS: ANFIS accuracy was 40%, 80% and 97% for all features and 97%, 98.5% and 100% for the 6 selected features by PCA in 0, 20 and 200 training repetitions, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study demonstrated that accuracy can be raised up to 100% by using an optimized threshold method, PCA and increasing training repetitions. KEYWORDS: ANFIS ; Brain Tumor Detection ; PCA ; Training Repetition; MR