Solar Thermal Upper Stage Liquid Hydrogen Pressure Control Testing

High-energy cryogenic propellant is an essential element in future space exploration programs. Therefore, NASA and its industrial partners are committed to an advanced development/technology program that will broaden the experience base for the entire cryogenic fluid management community. Furthermore, the high cost of microgravity experiments has motivated NASA to establish government/aerospace industry teams to aggressively explore combinations of ground testing and analytical modeling to the greatest extent possible, thereby benefitting both industry and government entities. One such team consisting of ManTech SRS, Inc., Edwards Air Force Base, and Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) was formed to pursue a technology project designed to demonstrate technology readiness for an SRS liquid hydrogen (LH2) in-space propellant management concept. The subject testing was cooperatively performed June 21-30, 2000, through a partially reimbursable Space Act Agreement between SRS, MSFC, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. The joint statement of work used to guide the technical activity is presented in appendix A. The key elements of the SRS concept consisted of an LH2 storage and supply system that used all of the vented H2 for solar engine thrusting, accommodated pressure control without a thermodynamic vent system (TVS), and minimized or eliminated the need for a capillary liquid acquisition device (LAD). The strategy was to balance the LH2 storage tank pressure control requirements with the engine thrusting requirements to selectively provide either liquid or vapor H2 at a controlled rate to a solar thermal engine in the low-gravity environment of space operations. The overall test objective was to verify that the proposed concept could enable simultaneous control of LH2 tank pressure and feed system flow to the thruster without necessitating a TVS and a capillary LAD. The primary program objectives were designed to demonstrate technology readiness of the SRS concept at a system level as a first step toward actual flight vehicle demonstrations. More specific objectives included testing the pressure and feed control system concept hardware for functionality, operability, and performance. Valuable LH2 thermodynamic and fluid dynamics data were obtained for application to both the SRS concept and to future missions requiring space-based cryogen propellant management

Globalisation from Above? Corporate Social Responsibility, the Workers' Party and the Origins of the World Social Forum

In its assessment of the origins and early development of the World Social Forum this article challenges traditional understandings of the Forum as representing ‘globalisation from below’. By tracing the intricate relations among elements of business, civil society, and the Workers’ Party in the first years of the Forum, this article reveals the major role played by a corporate movement stemming from the Brazilian democratisation process in the 1980s, and how this combined with the transformed agenda of the Workers’ Party as it gained higher political offices to constrain the Forum’s activities from the outset. In so doing, this article challenges not only widespread conceptions of the Forum as a counter‐hegemonic alternative but also current critiques concerning its subsequent limitations. Furthermore, it reveals how traditional understandings of the World Social Forum and of global civil society are underpinned by flawed assumptions which typecast political activities in the global ‘South’

Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis programs in resource-limited settings: opportunities for improved outcomes and more cost-effective interventions

Early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV-1 infection confers substantial benefits to HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected infants, to their families, and to programs providing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, but has been challenging to implement in resource-limited settings. In order to correctly inform parents/caregivers of infant infection status and link HIV-infected infants to care and treatment, a 'cascade' of events must successfully occur. A frequently cited barrier to expansion of EID programs is the cost of the required laboratory assays. However, substantial implementation barriers, as well as personnel and infrastructure requirements, exist at each step in the cascade. In this update, we review challenges to uptake at each step in the EID cascade, highlighting that even with the highest reported levels of uptake, nearly half of HIV-infected infants may not complete the cascade successfully. We next synthesize the available literature about the costs and cost effectiveness of EID programs; identify areas for future research; and place these findings within the context of the benefits and challenges to EID implementation in resource-limited settings

[Letter from George E. Gautney to John J. Herrera - March 28, 1947]

Copy of the letter sent by George E. Gautney to John J. Herrera. Gautney informs Herrera that there is no alternate radio frequency available for the applicant in Mexia. Gautney provides details about the possibility of a 1500 kilocycles frequency and coverage for the Houston location. Gautney requests a letter of authorization to proceed with the preparation of the engineering for amending Felix H. Morales' application

[Statement of Account for John J. Herrera from John Barron Consulting Radio Engineers - February 1, 1949]

A Statement of Account with a balance due of $906.05 sent by John Barron Consulting Radio Engineers to John J. Herrera

Sexual attitudes and behavior of students attending a Southwestern university : Relationships with current theory and related prior research

This investigation was concerned with the sexual attitudes and behavior of college students. Specific areas considered were: (1) Comparisons of students' and reported parents' sexual standards; (2) Familial relationships and students' sexual permissiveness; (3) Relationships between sexual permissiveness and: marital status, children (number and sex), birth order, and parents' marital status; (4) The sexual 'double standard'; (5) Relationships between sexual attitudes and sexual behavior in both sexes; (6) The 'New Impotence' in males and its correlates; (7) Females' 'new' arousal from erotic materials; and (8) Relationships between female orgasmic responsiveness and other factors. Subjects were enrolled in an undergraduate course in Marriage, Family Living, and Sex Education at a Southwestern University. Two questionnaires were administered: the first dealt with sexual attitudes and the second with sexual behavior. The total sample consisted of 603 subjects (275 males and 328 females). Subjects reported more differences than similarities between their own and their parents' sex attitudes. Males perceived their attitudes as closer to those of their fathers, the same being true for females and their mothers. Subjects reporting no similarity between self-parent attitudes usually thought their parents' standards were 'too conservative,' although a surprisingly large number rated, parents as 'about right' in sex attitudes. Subjects reporting similarity between their own and their mothers' sex attitudes were much less permissive in both sex behavior and attitudes when compared with other subjects. There was little relationship between having actually received sex information from parents and similarity with parents' sex attitudes, or sexual permissiveness. Of subjects who had satisfactory discussions of sex with parents, males reported similarity between self and fathers' sex attitudes, while females reported self-mother similarity in attitudes. Subjects who had satisfactory discussions of sex with parents: were less permissive in sex attitudes: and were from families which displayed more overt affection. No relationships were found between such discussions and subjects' behavioral permissiveness or socioeconomic status. There was little relationship between amount of affection in one's family and permissiveness in sex attitudes or behavior. Single and married subjects showed few differences in sex attitudes, while singles were much more permissive in their sex behavior than were marrieds. Of married subjects, males displayed a low relationship between presence of children and permissiveness in sex attitudes or behavior. However, married females with children were more permissive in attitudes and behavior than those without children. Subjects tended to rate their parents as less permissive as the number of children in the family of origin increased. Males showed stronger relationships between sex of children and permissiveness. Males with all boys (vs. all girls) were more permissive in sex attitudes and less permissive in sex behavior.Males displayed stronger relationships between birth-order and sexual permissiveness. They were less permissive in both attitudes and behavior if they were either an only child or the oldest child. A slight tendency was found for subjects to rate their parent(s) as more sexually permissive if widowed, and less permissive if separated or divorced. Subjects who were younger at parents' parting were somewhat less permissive in sex attitudes and behavior than others. On a general level, subjects endorsed a 'transitional' double standard (e.g., coitus acceptable for both sexes, especially if strong affection is present). However, there were also indications of an 'orthodox' double standard (especially for males) when more specific choices (i.e., choice of marital partner) were made. While females were generally less sexually permissive than males, there was almost no sex difference in the relationship between sexual attitudinal and behavioral permissiveness (suggesting a convergence of behavior and attitudes). A higher percentage of males in this sample reported, erectile and ejaculatory impotence than found, by Kinsey. Impotent males as compared, to other males: (1) were somewhat less permissive in attitudes and. behavior; (2) preferred. sexual and marital partners with relatively more experience; (3) reported higher frequencies of sexual intercourse; and (4) reported more unpleasant experiences with sexual intercourse. Compared with Kinsey's results, more females in this sample reported arousal from erotic or pornographic material. Positive relationships were found between females' responsiveness to such material and permissiveness in sexual attitudes and behavior. Females who reached orgasm more frequently in coitus: (1) were older; (2) were from lower socioeconomic classes; (3) had coitus more frequently; (4) reported greater satisfaction with coitus; (5) were from more affectionate families; and (6) were more permissive in their sexual attitudes and behavior.Psychology, Department o