45 research outputs found
Toxicity of fine and quasi-ultrafine particles: focus on the effects of extractable and non-extractable matter fractions
Air pollution represents today one of the major risk factors for human health. An important part of this threat is due to the presence in the atmosphere of fine particulate matter (PM). PM forms a heterogeneous mixture of inorganic pollutants (metals, ionsâŠ), organic pollutants (volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs)âŠ), and biological contaminants (pollen, bacteria, fungiâŠ). To date many studies have demonstrated the toxicity of PAHs and some metals, but so far, no study has been able to clearly attribute the toxicological effects observed to a class of pollutants. Therefore, this study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics of PM and PM and to compare the toxicity of native PM, organic fractions of fine (EOM) and quasi ultrafine particles (OEM), and PM freed from this organic fraction (dPM) on BEAS-2B cells in culture. Fine and quasi-ultrafine particles were sampled in the southern suburb of Beirut, Lebanon. Chemical characterization showed that quasi-ultrafine particles were about 40 times more concentrated in PAHs than fines one suggesting a significant influence of anthropogenic activities and combustion sources (industries, road traffic and electric generators) on the emission of quasi-ultrafine particles. The influence of combustion sources was confirmed by investigation of PAHs diagnostic ratios. In addition, BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM, dPM, EOM and EOM lead to different results concerning metabolic activation of PAHs pathway and proteins expression of biomarkers implicated in the pathway of genotoxicity. Globally, EOM was the most inducer for phase I and phase II enzymes implicated in the metabolic activation of PAHs (AhR, AhRR, ARNT, Cyp1A1, Cyp1B1, EPHX-1, GSTA-4) and EOM induced DNA damage, felt by ATR and followed by a cascade of protein phosphorylations contributing to the cell cycle arrest (P21 and P53 induction)
ROLE POTENTIEL DU FER (FE2+, FE3+) DANS LA TOXICITE PULMONAIRE D'UNE EXPOSITION CONCOMITANTE AUX OXYDES DE FER (WUSTITE, HEMATITE) ET AU BENZO(A)PYRENE CHEZ LE RAT SPRAGUE DAWLEY (DOCTORAT (TOXICOLOGIE))
LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Les risques liés à l'usage d'un médicament banalisé (exemple du paracétamol)
LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Exposition professionnelle aux pesticides des travailleurs agricoles
LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Scaling and anisotropic heterogeneities of ocean SST images from satellite data
International audienceOceanic fields display a large variability over large temporal and spatial scales. One way to characterize such variability, borrowed from the field of turbulence, is to consider scaling regimes and multi-scaling properties
Multi-scale coastal surface temperature in the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel
International audienceThe Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, in the Northeastern Atlantic, are considered as a natural laboratory to explore the coastal dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. In those regions, the coastal circulation is constrained by a complex topography (e.g. varying width of the continental shelf, canyons), river runoffs, strong tides and a seasonally contrasted wind-driven circulation. Based on different numerical model experiments (from 400m to 4km spatial resolution, from 40 to 100 sigma vertical layers using 3D primitive equation ocean models), different features of the Bay of Biscay and English Channel circulation are assessed and explored. Both spatial (submesoscale and mesoscale) and temporal (from hourly to monthly) scales are considered. Modelled spatial scales, with a specific focus on the variability of fine scale features (e.g. fronts, filaments, eddies), are compared with remotely sensed observations (i.e. Sea Surface Temperature). Different methodologies as singularity and Lyapunov exponents allow describing fine scales features and are applied on both modelled and observed datasets. For temporal scales, in situ high frequency surface temperature measurements from coastal moorings (from COAST-HF observing network) provide a reference for the temporal variability to be modelled. Exploring differences in the temporal scales (from an Empirical Mode Decomposition) advises on the efficiency of our coastal modelling approach. This result overview in the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel aims illustrating the input of coastal modelling activities in understanding multi-scale interactions (spatial and temporal)
Impact of MICA and NKG2D polymorphisms in HLA-fully matched related and unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
International audienc
Sequential conditioning in unfavorable AML: a single center experience
44th Annual Meeting of the European-Society-for-Blood-and-Marrow-Transplantation (EBMT), Lisbon, PORTUGAL, MAR 18-21, 2018International audienc
Panel of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in als: a pilot study
International audiencePathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) include oxidative stress and inflammation. We conducted a preliminary study to explore these mechanisms, to discuss their link in ALS, and to determine the feasibility of incorporating this combined analysis into current biomarkers research.METHODS: We enrolled 10 ALS patients and 10 controls. We measured the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD), and the levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and glutathione status (e.g. glutathione disulfide, GSSG/reduced glutathione, GSH). We analysed the concentrations of homocysteine, several cytokines, vitamins and metals by standard methods used in routine practice.RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in TAS levels (p=0.027) and increase in 8-OHdG (p=0.014) and MDA (p=0.011) levels in ALS patients. We also observed a significantly higher GSSG/GSH ratio (p=0.022), and IL-6 (p=0.0079) and IL-8 (p=0.009) concentrations in ALS patients. Correlations were found between biological and clinical markers (homosysteine vs. clinical status at diagnosis, p=0.02) and between some biological markers such as IL-6 vs. GSSG/GSH (p=0.045) or SOD activity (p=0.017).CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the systemic alteration of both the redox and the inflammation status in ALS patients, and we observed a link with some clinical parameters. These promising results encourage us to pursue this study with collection of combined oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.DĂ©termination dâun panel de biomarqueurs du stress oxydant et de lâinflammation dans la SLA: une Ă©tude pilote.Contexte: Parmi les mĂ©canismes impliquĂ©s dans la physiopathologie de la SclĂ©rose LatĂ©rale Amyotrophique (SLA), on note un stress oxydant et des mĂ©canismes inflammatoires. Nous avons ainsi menĂ© une Ă©tude prĂ©liminaire afin de 1) dâexplorer ces mĂ©canismes, 2) de discuter leur lien dans la SLA, 3) de dĂ©terminer la faisabilitĂ© dâune telle analyse combinĂ©e pour une utilisation courante en recherche de biomarqueurs. MĂ©thodes: Nous avons inclus prospectivement 10 patients SLA et 10 contrĂŽles. Nous avons mesurĂ© lâactivitĂ© des enzymes suivantes : glutathion peroxydase, glutathion rĂ©ductase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD), et les concentrations sĂ©riques des paramĂštres suivants : statut antioxydant total (SAT), malondialdĂ©hyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2â-dĂ©oxyguanosine (8-OHdG), et le statut en glutathion (e.g. glutathione oxydĂ©, GSSG/glutathione rĂ©duit, GSH). Nous avons analysĂ© les concentrations dâhomocystĂ©ine, de plusieurs cytokines, de vitamines et de diffĂ©rents mĂ©taux par des mĂ©thodes validĂ©es en routine. RĂ©sultats: Nous avons montrĂ© une diminution significative du SAT (p=0.027) et une augmentation de la 8-OHdG (p=0.014) ainsi que du MDA (p=0.011) chez les patients SLA. Nous avons observĂ© une augmentation du rapport GSSG/GSH (p=0.022), ainsi que des concentrations dâIL-6 (p=0.0079) et dâIL-8 (p=0.009) chez les patients SLA. Des corrĂ©lations ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es entre certains marqueurs biologiques et cliniques (homosysteine vs sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la pathologie au diagnostic, p=0.02) mais Ă©galement entre les marqueurs biologiques entre eux tels que lâIL-6 vs GSSG/GSH (p=0.045) ou vs lâactivitĂ© de la SOD (p=0.017). Conclusion: Nous avons confirmĂ© lâaltĂ©ration du statut redox et la composante inflammatoire importante dans la SLA, en dehors du SNC. Nous avons Ă©galement observĂ© un lien entre certains paramĂštres cliniques et biologiques, ce qui nous incite Ă poursuivre cette Ă©tude en analysant la combinaison de ces marqueurs de stress oxydant et dâinflammation