Actividad física y desarrollo cognitivo en educación infantil

Estudios recientes sugieren que la actividad física (AF) fomenta la neuroplasticidad, la neurogénesis y la sinaptogénesis, mejorando la función cognitiva. Por tanto la práctica de AF, establecida desde Educación Infantil (EI) mediante metodologías activas, podría estar directamente relacionada con una mejora del desarrollo cognitivo y del rendimiento académico. Varias investigaciones han estudiado la relación entre estas variables en niños mayores y adolescentes, pero hay muy poco publicado sobre niños de EI, por lo que es oportuno y necesario profundizar en esta área. Esto, junto con el papel esencial de esta etapa en el desarrollo y el número creciente de estudios que reconocen los beneficios de la AF en las habilidades cognitivas, hace de nuestro tema una prioridad en numerosos países. El proyecto se centra en el estudio de metodologías en EI relacionadas con la promoción de la AF como potenciador del desarrollo cognitivo, siendo nuestro objetivo en este documento revisar y sintetizar la literatura, examinando la asociación entre AF, habilidades cognitivas y rendimiento académico durante la primera infancia, y establecer las fases necesarias para alcanzar los objetivos generales. Se identificaron investigaciones relevantes mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos y algunos artículos y libros adicionales se identificaron a partir de las referencias de los estudios incluidos y se agregaron a la revisión. Los resultados sugieren que la AF facilita la neuroplasticidad y que los niños más activos muestran una mayor integridad de la materia blanca y mayor volumen de los ganglios basales y del hipocampo, patrones más eficientes de actividad cerebral y un rendimiento cognitivo superior. En las siguientes fases, esperamos profundizar el conocimiento de las metodologías activas junto con la relación entre la AF y el desarrollo cognitivo infantil, contribuyendo a establecer hábitos más activos en las escuelas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte a través de las ayudas para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU17/01554)

La transformación digital, un desafío inmediato ocasionado por la pandemia de Covid-19 para las entidades del sector de educación superior

La transformación digital en la educación superior, aunque se considera un proceso que debería haberse llevado a cabo hace mucho tiempo en la adaptación a las tendencias del mundo moderno y las necesidades de sistematización de información, ha demostrado tener un rezago importante en Colombia, corroborando de manera consistente en la imposibilidad de mantener los niveles de investigación y de producción de conocimiento que se logran a partir de la formación tradicional presencial. Desde la revisión documental que ocupa el presente artículo se ha podido evidenciar que el concepto de transformación digital para la educación superior aparece sustancialmente relacionado con otros conceptos de necesario conocimiento para la modificación completa del sistema educativo, como son innovación social, innovación educativa, e inclusive sostenibilidad economica y financiera. El recorrido realizado permite establecer que el trabajo mancomunado y el conocimiento de las nuevas tendencias se reconocen como factores fundamentales en la promoción de una educación superior soportada en procesos de transformación digital, y que se construye con el apoyo de la totalidad de actores inmersos en el proceso.

Análisis geográfico, ambiental y ecológico del Cerro de Coatepec Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

El libro “Los espacios universitarios como objeto de estudio. Análisis geográfico, ambiental y ecológico del Cerro de Coatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México”, es resultado de la participación de un grupo multidisciplinario integrado por investigadores, profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, así como del grupo de asesores y consultores del Colegio de Ciencias Geográficas del Estado de México, A. C. (COCIGEM), interesados en la problemática ambiental y ecológica que ocurre en la Ciudad Universitaria ubicada geográficamente en el Cerro de Coatepec, Toluca Estado de México, en el cual se encuentran establecidas algunas edificaciones de dependencias de educación superior, centros e institutos de investigación, difusión cultural, dependencias administrativas, bibliotecas, museos e instalaciones deportivas.Los ejes rectores de análisis contenidos en este volumen son siete: a) la caracterización geográfica, ecológica, ambiental, sociocultural e infraestructural del espacio que comprende el Cerro de Coatepec; b) el análisis del Cerro de Coatepec como un ecosistema urbano en el contexto de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca, Estado de México; c) la multifuncionalidad de las áreas verdes, las áreas arboladas y los espacios naturales del ecosistema; d) los impactos ambientales que han ocasionado y que ocasionan las etapas de preparación del sitio, la construcción de edificaciones y la ejecución de actividades docentes, de investigación, difusión, deportivas y socioculturales; e) los riesgos que ocurren y pueden ocurrir en las áreas verdes, las áreas arboladas, los ambientes naturales y la infraestructura de las edificaciones; f) la responsabilidad ambiental e importancia de la participación de los actores universitaritos en el cuidado del entorno universitario; y g) propuesta de acciones generales para el mejoramiento de las condiciones del paisaje y manejo del entorno universitario. Estos ejes rectores no se analizan de manera independiente, sino en una dimensión integral, ya que la alteración de algún componente del ambiente o la existencia de riesgos puede tener diferentes causas y por consiguiente diversos efectos.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Colegio de Ciencias Geográficas del Estado de México AC

Relationship between physical performance and frailty syndrome in older adults: the mediating role of physical activity, sedentary time and body composition

The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement

Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land

The United Nations Climate Change Conference, Durban 2011, delivered a breakthrough on the international community's response to climate change. In the second largest meeting of its kind, the negotiations advanced, in a balanced fashion, the implementation of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol, the Bali Action Plan, and the Cancun Agreements. The outcomes included a decision by Parties to adopt a universal legal agreement on climate change as soon as possible, and no later than 2015. One of the decisions adopted by COP 17 and CMP 7 regard to the land use, land-use change and forestry, and invites the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to review and, if necessary, update supplementary methodologies for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from land use, land-use change and forestry activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol. Land degradation is a human-induced or natural process which negatively affects the productivity of land within an ecosystem. The direct causes of land degradation are geographically specific. Climate change, including changes in short-term variation, as well as long-term gradual changes in temperature and precipitation, is expected to be an additional stress on rates of land degradation. Book Topics: • Introduction to Climate Change and Land Degradation • Change Mitigation • Climate Change and Waste Land Restoration • Water Management and Planning • Erosion and Hydrological Restoration • Forest Fire Land Restoration • Polluted Soils Restoration • Combating Climate Change by Restoration of Degraded Land • Research Matters – Climate Change Governance • Advanced Statistics Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land is of interests to academics, engineers, consultans, designers and professionals involved in restoration of degraded lands projects

Does Influenza Vaccination Reduce the Risk of Contracting COVID-19?

The concurrent timing of the COVID-19 pandemic and the seasonal occurrence of influenza, makes it especially important to analyze the possible effect of the influenza vaccine on the risk of contracting COVID-19, or in reducing the complications caused by both diseases, especially in vulnerable populations. There is very little scientific information on the possible protective role of the influenza vaccine against the risk of contracting COVID-19, particularly in groups at high-risk of influenza complications. Reducing the risk of contracting COVID-19 in high-risk patients (those with a higher risk of infection, complications, and death) is essential to improve public well-being and to reduce hospital pressure and the collapse of primary health centers. Apart from overlapping in time, COVID-19 and flu share common aspects of transmission, so that measures to protect against flu might be effective in reducing the risk of contracting COVID-19. In this study, we conclude that the risk of contracting COVID-19 is reduced if patients are vaccinated against flu, but the reduction is small (0.22%) and therefore not clinically important. When this reduction is analysed based on the risk factor suffered by the patient, statistically significant differences have been obtained for patients with cardiovascular problems, diabetics, chronic lung and chronic kidney disease; in all four cases the reduction in the risk of contagion does not reach 1%. It is worth highlighting the behaviour that is completely different from the rest of the data for institutionalized patients. The data for these patients does not suggest a reduction in the risk of contagion for patients vaccinated against the flu, but rather the opposite, a significant increase of 6%. Socioeconomic conditions, as measured by the MEDEA deprivation index, explain increases in the risk of contracting COVID-19, and awareness campaigns should be increased to boost vaccination programs

The first zeolite with a tri-directional extra-large 14-ring pore system derived using a phosphonium-based organic molecule

[EN] A new germanosilicate zeolite (denoted as ITQ-53) with extra-large pores has been synthesised using tri-tertbutylmethylphosphonium cation as the organic structure directing agent (OSDA). Rotation electron diffraction (RED) was used to identify ITQ-53 from an initially-synthesised sample containing impurities, and to solve its structure. The structure was refined against PXRD data of pure ITQ-53 samples obtained after synthesis optimisation. ITQ-53 is the first example of extra-large pore zeolites with tri-directional interconnected 14 x 14 x 14-ring channels. It is stable up to at least 650 degrees C. The structure of ITQ-53 changes from monoclinic to orthorhombic upon calcination.This work was supported by the Spanish Government (MAT2012-38567-C02-01, Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat CSD-2009-00050 and Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0267), the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) and the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a grant for purchasing the TEMs and the project grant 3DEM-NATUR. Yifeng Yun thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC).Yun, Y.; Hernández Rodríguez, M.; Wan, W.; Zou, X.; Jorda Moret, JL.; Cantin Sanz, A.; Rey Garcia, F.... (2015). The first zeolite with a tri-directional extra-large 14-ring pore system derived using a phosphonium-based organic molecule. Chemical Communications. 51(36):7602-7605. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc10317cS760276055136C. Baerlocher and L.McCusker, Database of Zeolite Structures: http://www.iza-structure.org/databases/Estermann, M., McCusker, L. B., Baerlocher, C., Merrouche, A., & Kessler, H. (1991). A synthetic gallophosphate molecular sieve with a 20-tetrahedral-atom pore opening. Nature, 352(6333), 320-323. doi:10.1038/352320a0Su, J., Wang, Y., Lin, J., Liang, J., Sun, J., & Zou, X. (2013). A silicogermanate with 20-ring channels directed by a simple quaternary ammonium cation. Dalton Trans., 42(5), 1360-1363. doi:10.1039/c2dt32231eWei, Y., Tian, Z., Gies, H., Xu, R., Ma, H., Pei, R., … Lin, L. (2010). Ionothermal Synthesis of an Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve with 20-Ring Pore Openings. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(31), 5367-5370. doi:10.1002/anie.201000320Sun, J., Bonneau, C., Cantín, Á., Corma, A., Díaz-Cabañas, M. J., Moliner, M., … Zou, X. (2009). The ITQ-37 mesoporous chiral zeolite. Nature, 458(7242), 1154-1157. doi:10.1038/nature07957Corma, A., Diaz-Cabanas, M. J., Jiang, J., Afeworki, M., Dorset, D. L., Soled, S. L., & Strohmaier, K. G. (2010). Extra-large pore zeolite (ITQ-40) with the lowest framework density containing double four- and double three-rings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(32), 13997-14002. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003009107Dorset, D. L., Strohmaier, K. G., Kliewer, C. E., Corma, A., Díaz-Cabañas, M. J., Rey, F., & Gilmore, C. J. (2008). Crystal Structure of ITQ-26, a 3D Framework with Extra-Large Pores. Chemistry of Materials, 20(16), 5325-5331. doi:10.1021/cm801126tDorset, D. L., Kennedy, G. J., Strohmaier, K. G., Diaz-Cabañas, M. J., Rey, F., & Corma, A. (2006). P-Derived Organic Cations as Structure-Directing Agents:  Synthesis of a High-Silica Zeolite (ITQ-27) with a Two-Dimensional 12-Ring Channel System. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(27), 8862-8867. doi:10.1021/ja061206oCorma, A., Diaz-Cabanas, M. J., Jorda, J. L., Rey, F., Sastre, G., & Strohmaier, K. G. (2008). A Zeolitic Structure (ITQ-34) with Connected 9- and 10-Ring Channels Obtained with Phosphonium Cations as Structure Directing Agents. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(49), 16482-16483. doi:10.1021/ja806903cHernández-Rodríguez, M., Jordá, J. L., Rey, F., & Corma, A. (2012). Synthesis and Structure Determination of a New Microporous Zeolite with Large Cavities Connected by Small Pores. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(32), 13232-13235. doi:10.1021/ja306013kSimancas, R., Jordá, J. L., Rey, F., Corma, A., Cantín, A., Peral, I., & Popescu, C. (2014). A New Microporous Zeolitic Silicoborate (ITQ-52) with Interconnected Small and Medium Pores. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(9), 3342-3345. doi:10.1021/ja411915cSimancas, R., Dari, D., Velamazan, N., Navarro, M. T., Cantin, A., Jorda, J. L., … Rey, F. (2010). Modular Organic Structure-Directing Agents for the Synthesis of Zeolites. Science, 330(6008), 1219-1222. doi:10.1126/science.1196240Hua, W., Chen, H., Yu, Z.-B., Zou, X., Lin, J., & Sun, J. (2014). A Germanosilicate Structure with 11×11×12-Ring Channels Solved by Electron Crystallography. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(23), 5868-5871. doi:10.1002/anie.201309766Yun, Y., Wan, W., Rabbani, F., Su, J., Xu, H., Hovmöller, S., … Zou, X. (2014). Phase identification and structure determination from multiphase crystalline powder samples by rotation electron diffraction. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 47(6), 2048-2054. doi:10.1107/s1600576714023875Zhang, D., Oleynikov, P., Hovmöller, S., & Zou, X. (2010). Collecting 3D electron diffraction data by the rotation method. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 225(2-3). doi:10.1524/zkri.2010.1202X. Zou , S.Hovmoller and P.Oleynikov, Electron Crystallography: Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN: 978-0-19-958020-0Wan, W., Sun, J., Su, J., Hovmöller, S., & Zou, X. (2013). Three-dimensional rotation electron diffraction: softwareREDfor automated data collection and data processing. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 46(6), 1863-1873. doi:10.1107/s0021889813027714Martinez-Franco, R., Moliner, M., Yun, Y., Sun, J., Wan, W., Zou, X., & Corma, A. (2013). Synthesis of an extra-large molecular sieve using proton sponges as organic structure-directing agents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(10), 3749-3754. doi:10.1073/pnas.1220733110Su, J., Kapaca, E., Liu, L., Georgieva, V., Wan, W., Sun, J., … Zou, X. (2014). Structure analysis of zeolites by rotation electron diffraction (RED). Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 189, 115-125. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.10.014Guo, P., Liu, L., Yun, Y., Su, J., Wan, W., Gies, H., … Zou, X. (2014). Ab initio structure determination of interlayer expanded zeolites by single crystal rotation electron diffraction. Dalton Trans., 43(27), 10593-10601. doi:10.1039/c4dt00458bJiang, J., Yun, Y., Zou, X., Jorda, J. L., & Corma, A. (2015). ITQ-54: a multi-dimensional extra-large pore zeolite with 20 × 14 × 12-ring channels. Chemical Science, 6(1), 480-485. doi:10.1039/c4sc02577fWillhammar, T., Burton, A. W., Yun, Y., Sun, J., Afeworki, M., Strohmaier, K. G., … Zou, X. (2014). EMM-23: A Stable High-Silica Multidimensional Zeolite with Extra-Large Trilobe-Shaped Channels. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(39), 13570-13573. doi:10.1021/ja507615bPatinec, V., Wright, P. A., Lightfoot, P., Aitken, R. A., & Cox, P. A. (1999). Synthesis of a novel microporous magnesioaluminophosphate, STA-6, containing an unbound azamacrocycle †. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, (22), 3909-3911. doi:10.1039/a907259dWragg, D. S., Morris, R., Burton, A. W., Zones, S. I., Ong, K., & Lee, G. (2007). The Synthesis and Structure of SSZ-73:  an All-Silica Zeolite with an Unusual Framework Topology. Chemistry of Materials, 19(16), 3924-3932. doi:10.1021/cm0705284Sheldrick, G. M. (2007). A short history ofSHELX. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 64(1), 112-122. doi:10.1107/s0108767307043930Jiang, J., Jorda, J. L., Diaz-Cabanas, M. J., Yu, J., & Corma, A. (2010). The Synthesis of an Extra-Large-Pore Zeolite with Double Three-Ring Building Units and a Low Framework Density. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(29), 4986-4988. doi:10.1002/anie.201001506R. A. Young , The Rietveld Method, Oxford University Press, 1995VANKONINGSVELD, H., JANSEN, J., & VANBEKKUM, H. (1990). The monoclinic framework structure of zeolite H-ZSM-5. Comparison with the orthorhombic framework of as-synthesized ZSM-5. Zeolites, 10(4), 235-242. doi:10.1016/0144-2449(94)90134-1Fang, L., Liu, L., Yun, Y., Inge, A. K., Wan, W., Zou, X., & Gao, F. (2014). 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Drug Repurposing for Cancers With Limited Survival: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study

Only 5% of the molecules tested in oncology phase 1 trials reach the market after an average of 7.5 years of waiting and at a cost of tens of millions of dollars. To reduce the cost and shorten the time of discovery of new treatments, drug repurposing (research with molecules already approved for another indication) and the use of secondary data (not collected for the purpose of research) have been proposed. Due to advances in informatics in clinical care, secondary data can, in some cases, be of equal quality to primary data generated through prospective studies.Objective: The objective of this study is to identify drugs currently marketed for other indications that may have an effect on the prognosis of patients with cancer.Methods: We plan to monitor a cohort of patients with high-lethality cancers treated in the public health system of Catalonia between 2006 and 2012, retrospectively, for survival for 5 years after diagnosis or until death. A control cohort, comprising people without cancer, will also be retrospectively monitored for 5 years. The following study variables will be extracted from different population databases: type of cancer (patients with cancer cohort), date and cause of death, pharmacological treatment, sex, age, and place of residence. During the first stage of statistical analysis of the patients with cancer cohort, the drugs consumed by the long-term survivors (alive at 5 years) will be compared with those consumed by nonsurvivors. In the second stage, the survival associated with the consumption of each relevant drug will be analyzed. For the analyses, groups will be matched for potentially confounding variables, and multivariate analyses will be performed to adjust for residual confounding variables if necessary. The control cohort will be used to verify whether the associations found are exclusive to patients with cancer or whether they also occur in patients without cancer.Results: We anticipate discovering multiple significant associations between commonly used drugs and the survival outcomes of patients with cancer. We expect to publish the initial results in the first half of 2024.Conclusions: This retrospective study may identify several commonly used drugs as candidates for repurposing in the treatment of various cancers. All analyses are considered exploratory; therefore, the results will have to be confirmed in subsequent clinical trials. However, the results of this study may accelerate drug discovery in oncology

Screening Physical Activity in Family Practice : Validity of the Spanish Version of a Brief Physical Activity Questionnaire

The use of brief screening tools to identify inactive patients is essential to improve the efficiency of primary care-based physical activity (PA) programs. However, the current employment of short PA questionnaires within the Spanish primary care pathway is unclear. This study evaluated the validity of the Spanish version of a Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (SBPAAT). A validation study was carried out within the EVIDENT project. A convenience sample of patients (n = 1,184; age 58.9±13.7 years; 60.5% female) completed the SBPAAT and the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (7DPAR) and, in addition, wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) for seven consecutive days. Validity was evaluated by measuring agreement, Kappa correlation coefficients, sensitivity and specificity in achieving current PA recommendations with the 7DPAR. Pearson correlation coefficients with the number of daily minutes engaged in moderate and vigorous intensity PA according to the accelerometer were also assessed. Comparison with accelerometer counts, daily minutes engaged in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity PA, total daily kilocalories, and total PA and leisure time expenditure (METs-hour-week) between the sufficiently and insufficiently active groups identified by SBPAAT were reported. The SBPAAT identified 41.3% sufficiently active (n = 489) and 58.7% insufficiently active (n = 695) patients; it showed moderate validity (k = 0.454, 95% CI: 0.402-0.505) and a specificity and sensitivity of 74.3% and 74.6%, respectively. Validity was fair for identifying daily minutes engaged in moderate (r = 0.215, 95% CI:0.156 to 0.272) and vigorous PA (r = 0.282, 95% CI:0.165 to 0.391). Insufficiently active patients according to the SBPAAT significantly reported fewer counts/minute (-22%), fewer minutes/day of moderate (-11.38) and vigorous PA (-2.69), spent fewer total kilocalories/day (-753), and reported a lower energy cost (METs-hour-week) of physical activities globally (-26.82) and during leisure time (-19.62). The SBPAAT is a valid tool to identify Spanish-speaking patients who are insufficiently active to achieve health benefits

Yearly evolution of organ damage markers in diabetes or metabolic syndrome: data from the LOD-DIABETES study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiovascular disease morbidity-mortality is greater in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yearly evolution of organ damage markers in diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and to analyze the associated factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An observational prospective study was carried out in the primary care setting, involving 112 patients: 68 diabetics and 44 subjects with metabolic syndrome, subjected to 12 months of follow-up. Measurements: traditional cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and) and non-traditional risk factors (waist circumference, hsC Reactive Protein and fibrinogen); subclinical vascular (carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity and ankle/brachial index), cardiac (Cornell voltage-duration product), renal organ damage (creatinine, glomerular filtration and albumin/creatinine index), and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At baseline, the diabetics presented a mean age of 59.9 years, versus 55.2 years in the subjects with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.03). Diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were lower among the patients with diabetes, while blood glucose and HbA1c, as well as antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug use, were greater. At evaluation after one year, the diabetics showed a decrease in BMI (-0.39), diastolic blood pressure (-3.59), and an increase in fibrinogen (30.23 mg/dL), ankle/brachial index (0.07) and the number of patients with ankle/brachial index pathologic decreased in 6. In turn, the patients with metabolic syndrome showed an increase in HDL-cholesterol (1-91 mg/dL), fibrinogen (25.54 mg/dL), Cornell voltage-duration product (184.22 mm/ms), ankle/brachial index (0.05) and the use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs, and a reduction in serum glucose (3.74 mg/dL), HOMA, systolic (-6.76 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-3.29 mmHg), and pulse wave velocity (-0.72 m/s). The variable that best predicted a decrease in pulse wave velocity in subjects with metabolic syndrome was seen to be an increase in antihypertensive drug use.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The annual assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and the decrease in pulse wave velocity was more favorable in the patients with metabolic syndrome, probably influenced by the increased percentage of subjects treated with antihypertensive and lipid lowering drugs in this group.</p