Le Dobermann et la maladie de Von Willebran (utilisation du PFA-100® comme aide au diagnostic)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

The highs and lows of dispersal: how connectivity and initial population size jointly shape establishment dynamics in discrete landscapes

article sous presseInternational audienc

Data from: The highs and lows of dispersal: how connectivity and initial population size jointly shape establishment dynamics in discrete landscapes

Identifying the main factors driving introduced populations to establishment is a major challenge of invasion biology. Due to their small initial size, introduced populations are most vulnerable to extinction because of demographic stochasticity or Allee effects. While an increase in initial population size is known to increase establishment success, much remains to be understood regarding its interplay with connectivity in spatially structured environments. In order to better understand how demographic mechanisms interact at such spatial scale, we developed a stochastic model of population dynamics in discrete space to investigate the effect of connectivity and initial population size on establishment. The predictions derived from the model were then tested using experimental introductions of an insect parasitoid (Trichogramma chilonis) in spatially structured laboratory microcosms. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the connectivity of the introduction site had 1) a deleterious effect in the first generation when the introduced population was small and 2) a beneficial impact brought about by metapopulation effects in the subsequent generations. Interestingly, populations displayed a weakly pushed invasion pattern promoting early establishment, which was mainly underpinned by dispersal stochasticity and the discrete nature of the landscape. These results shed light on the critical influence of landscape connectivity on establishment dynamics

R simulation script

Script (in R language) used to perform the simulations described in the article

Dexamethasone Suppression Test May Predict More Severe/Violent Suicidal Behavior

International audienceIntroduction: Several studies demonstrated that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is dysregulated in suicide attempters. Prospective studies found that people with an abnormal response at the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) are more likely to commit suicide. However, whether DST may predict suicide attempts remains less clear. A possible strategy to address this question is to consider the suicide attempt lethality.Objectives: (1) To compare the pre- and post-DST cortisol levels in serious/violent suicide attempters and in non-serious/non-violent suicide attempters, and (2) to investigate whether cortisol level can predict new suicide attempts or their lethality.Methods: The study included 70 recent suicide attempters (25 with a serious or violent attempt) who were followed for two years. Three saliva samples for cortisol measurement were obtained at 8a.m., 3p.m., and 9p.m. before the DST (pre-DST). Then, at 11 p.m., 1 mg of dexamethasone was given orally. The following day (post-DST), three saliva samples were collected at the same hours as before. The post-DST-pre-DST salivary cortisol Δ index was calculated for each collection time. The Risk-Rescue Ratio Scale (RRRS) and the Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS) were used to characterize the suicide attempt at inclusion and those occurring during the follow-up.Results: Post-DST cortisol level at 9 p.m. was higher in patients with an initial violent or serious suicide attempt than in non-violent/non-serious attempters (p < .010). Higher post-DST cortisol at 9p.m. was associated with lower RRRS rescue score and higher clinical impression of suicide severity at inclusion. Among the 66 patients who completed the follow-up, 26 attempted suicide again at least once. Higher pre-DST cortisol at 8a.m. predicted new suicide attempts during the follow-up (OR = 2.15 [1.11, 4.15]), and higher cortisol Δ index at 9p.m. was associated with higher suicide intent during the follow-up.Conclusions: Our results suggest that HPA axis hyper-reactivity monitored with the DST is a marker of violent/serious suicide attempt with lower rescue possibility. Furthermore, higher changes between pre-DST and post-DST cortisol levels may predict higher suicide intent. These findings might help to characterize the biological features of nearest suicide phenotypes

Experimental data

Experimental invasion dynamics recorded from gen0 (date of introduction) to gen9 (nine generations later). The experimental design includes the strain of Trichogramma chilonis used (T or R), the initial population size (propagule : high or low) and the connectivity level (high or low)

Développement des territoires et communication : politiques et pratiques à l’œuvre

Dans le domaine du "développement du(des) territoire(s)", l'heure est dorénavant à la politique du contrat et à la culture du projet qui participent d'une nouvelle modalité de mobilisation et d'un nouveau mode de médiation entre les décideurs et les acteurs du terrain. Etudes de communication propose de développer la réflexion sur les discours, les dynamiques et les enjeux des politiques et des pratiques de communication qui encadrent et accompagnent le "développement des territoires". Quelques questions d'orientation du dossier envisagé: qu'en est-il plus précisément des changements par rapport à des pratiques antérieures ? Quelles significations prennent des notions émanant du monde managérial losqu'elles sont endossées dans ce domaine ? Quelles procédures de médiation et de communication sont à l'oeuvre quand les pratiques de projet et les actions de développement relèvent d'acteurs locaux qui montrent une capacité à se mobiliser et s'organiser de leur propre initiative ? In the field of the “development of territory(ies),” now is the time for contract policy and project-oriented culture to participate in a new kind of mobilization and way of mediation between decision makers and actors in the field. Etudes de Communications proposes a review of the discussions, dynamics, and challenges of communication policies and practices that frame and support the “development of territories.” Some guiding questions of the work ahead: what precisely are the changes in relation to former practices? What meanings do the notions derived from the managerial world take when they are brought into this field? What mediation and communication procedures are at work when project-oriented practices and development actions by local actors show a capacity for self-mobilization and organization based on their own initiative

Personal protection against biting insects and ticks.

International audienceRecent events with the first cases of local transmission of chikungunya and dengue fever virus in southern France by Aedes albopictus, adding to the nuisance and potential vectors that can be encountered when traveling in tropical or sub-tropical countries, has shown the value of a reflection on the Personal protection against vectors (PPAV). It is seen during an outbreak of vector-borne disease, or simply because of nuisance arthropods, that our fellow citizens try to protect themselves individually by using an arsenal of resources available on the market. Yet most of these means have been neither checked for effectiveness or safety tests, however, essential. Travellers, staff on mission or assignment, are looking for specific information on how to protect themselves or their families. Health workers had at their disposal so far indications that vary widely from one source to another. Therefore it seemed important to the Society of Travel Medicine (SMV) and the French Society of Parasitology (SFP) to initiate a reflection on this theme. This reflection took the form of recommendations for good practice, following the outline established by the French High Health Authority (HAS). The aim was to gather all relevant information, verified and validated and the format to be used not only by health personnel (doctors, pharmacists, nurses), but also by travel agents and individuals. This document highlights the need to take into account the risk of vector-borne diseases, some deadly, and the benefit of various methods of personal protection. The choice of methods is clearly oriented towards those whose effectiveness has been proven and potential risks assessed. The paper finally proposes two decision trees based on the transmission type (day or night) and kind of stay (short or roaming, long and steady). It concerns travellers, but also expatriates, residents and nomads