Gene expression profiling of human adrenocortical tumors using complementary deoxyribonucleic Acid microarrays identifies several candidate genes as markers of malignancy.

International audienceThe aim of this study was to identify predictor sets of genes whose over- or underexpression in human sporadic adrenocortical tumors would help to identify malignant vs. benign tumors and to predict postsurgical metastatic recurrence. For this, we analyzed the expression of 230 candidate genes using cDNA microarrays in a series of 57 well-characterized human sporadic adrenocortical tumors (33 adenomas and 24 carcinomas). We identified two clusters of genes (the IGF-II cluster containing eight genes, including IGF-II, and the steroidogenesis cluster containing six genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes plus eight other genes) whose combined levels of expression appeared to be good predictors of malignancy. This predictive value was as strong as that of the pathological score of Weiss. The analysis of the population of carcinomas (13 tumors) for genes whose expression would be strongly different between recurring and nonrecurring tumors allowed identification of 14 genes meeting these criteria. Among these genes, there are probably new markers of tumor evolution that will deserve additional validation on a larger scale. Taken together, these results show that the parallel analysis of the expression levels of a selected group of genes on microgram quantities of tumor RNA (a quantity that can be obtained from fine needle aspirations) appears as a complementary method to histopathology for the diagnosis and prognosis of evolution of adrenocortical carcinomas

DC-SIGN Induction in Alveolar Macrophages Defines Privileged Target Host Cells for Mycobacteria in Patients with Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Interplays between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB) in human and host professional phagocytes, namely macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are central to immune protection against TB and to TB pathogenesis. We and others have recently shown that the C-type lectin dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) mediates important interactions between mycobacteria and human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) in vitro. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In order to explore the possible role of DC-SIGN in M. tuberculosis infection in vivo, we have analysed DC-SIGN expression in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with TB (n = 40) or with other non-mycobacterial lung pathologies, namely asthma (n = 14) and sarcoidosis (n = 11), as well as from control individuals (n = 9). We show that in patients with TB, up to 70% of alveolar Mφs express DC-SIGN. By contrast, the lectin is barely detected in alveolar Mφs from all other individuals. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of BAL-derived fluids and cells indicated that M. tuberculosis infection induces DC-SIGN expression in alveolar Mφs by a mechanism that is independent of Toll-like receptor-4, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13. This mechanism most likely relies on the secretion of soluble host and/or mycobacterial factors that have yet to be identified, as both infected and uninfected bystander Mφs were found to express DC-SIGN in the presence of M. tuberculosis. Immunohistochemical examination of lung biopsy samples from patients with TB showed that the bacilli concentrate in pulmonary regions enriched in DC-SIGN-expressing alveolar Mφs in vivo. Ex vivo binding and inhibition of binding experiments further revealed that DC-SIGN–expressing alveolar Mφs constitute preferential target cells for M. tuberculosis, as compared to their DC-SIGN(−) counterparts. In contrast with what has been reported previously in MoDCs in vitro, ex vivo DC-SIGN ligation by mycobacterial products failed to induce IL-10 secretion by alveolar Mφs, and IL-10 was not detected in BALs from patients with TB. CONCLUSION: Altogether, our results provide further evidence for an important role of DC-SIGN during TB in humans. DC-SIGN induction in alveolar Mφs may have important consequences on lung colonization by the tubercle bacillus, and on pulmonary inflammatory and immune responses in the infected host

Intérêt du MeiboPatch® dans le traitement des dysfonctionnements des glandes de Meibomius (impact sur la qualité de vision mesuré par aberrométrie double pass, OQAS)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le syndrome d'insuffisance limbique cornéen lié au syndrome Kid [keratitis, ichtyosis, deafness]

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluation subjective et objective de la qualité de vision après sélection personnalisée d'un implant asphérique monofocal en fonction de l'asphéricité cornéenne dans la chirurgie micro-incisionnelle de la cataracte

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocSudocFranceF

La dacryocystorhinostomie par voie endo-nasale sans unciformectomie

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Kératopathie bulleuse et implant clippé à l'iris (comparaison à deux ans en tomographie en cohérence optique de deux techniques d'implantation)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude in vitro et in vivo des propriétés anti-inflammatoires, anti-infectieuses et épithéliotrophiques de la membrane amniotique sur la surface oculaire

Nous avons étudié ses propriétés anti-inflammatoires (AI), anti-infectieuses et épitheliotrophiques de la Membrane Amniotique (MA) sur la surface oculaire (SO). Nous avons évalué les effets de la greffe de MA (GMA) dans les abcès cornéens sévères. Dans une étude prospective sur 12 patients, nous avons montré que la GMA soulageait la douleur, diminuait l inflammation de la surface oculaire (ISO), prévenait les perforations cornéennes et améliorait l épithélialisation. Nous avons étudié les effets AI de la GMA, lors d une étude prospective, chez 24 patients présentant des brulures oculaires graves, après une GMA à la phase aigue de la maladie. Nous avons évalué l ISO, en mesurant les variations d HLA-DR par les empreintes conjonctivales, couplées à la cytométrie de flux; 2 à 24 mois après la brûlure. Nous avons étudié la corrélation entre l expression d HLA-DR et les modifications anatomo-pathologiques de la conjonctive exprimées par le score de Nelson. La GMA aida à diminuer l ISO. On observa une corrélation entre score de Nelson et expression d HLA-DR jusqu à 6 mois après la brûlure. L expression d HLA-DR demeurait up-régulée jusqu à 18 mois. Le contenu de la MA en facteur de croissance épidermique (EGF) joue un rôle clé dans l expansion ex vivo de progéniteurs limbiques. Nous avons étudié dans 15 MA, fraiches et congelées, les variations inter et intra-donneuses (entre les différentes régions de la MA) de l expression génique et du contenu protéique en EGF (respectivement par la PCR en temps réel et dosage ELISA). Le contenu en EGF varie considérablement entre donneuses et entre chaque région. Il sera ensuite affectées par la préparation et la conservation des MA.We investigated the anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and epitheliotrophic properties of the Amniotic Membrane (AM) on the ocular surface (OS). We evaluated the effect of AM transplantation (AMT) in severe bacterial keratitis. In a prospective study on 12 patients, we showed that AMT provided pain relief, lowered OS inflammation (OSI), prevented corneal perforation and improved epithelial healing. We studied the anti-inflammatory effects of AMT in patients with severe ocular burns; in a prospective study on 24 patients, who underwent AMT during the acute phase of the disease. We assessed the OSI, through the variations of HLA-DR; measured with impression cytology, combined with flow cytometry; from 2 to 24 months after the burns. We studied the correlation between HLA-DR expression variations and the anatomo-pathological modifications of the OS; assessed with the Nelson s classification. AMT helped in lowering OSI. A correlation between HLA-DR expression and Nelson s score was observed up to 6 months after the burn. HLA-DR expression remained up-regulated up to 18 months. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) content is playing a key role in supporting limbal progenitors expansion, ex vivo on the AM. We studied inter and intra-donor (between different regions of the AM) variations of the EGF gene expression and protein content (by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively) in 15 AM, both fresh and preserved. There was a considerable variation of the EGF content between and within donors. This was further affected by handling and preservation of the AM.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Subjective through-focus quality of vision with various versions of modified monovision

International audienc