Muscle Activation During Squat on Different Surfaces

This study aimed to compare the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activations during squat exercises performed on different surfaces. Recreationally active 14 males (age: 20.43±1.28 years; height: 176.94±6.58 cm; body weight: 72.78±10.72 kg) participated in this study. A ground surface is used as a stable surface, a gymnastics mat and a Bosu ball are used as an unstable surface. Participants performed two sets of squats on three surfaces and ten repetitions of each set. Participants performed squat exercises with their body weight. Muscle activation measurements were made from the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles during the squat movement on each surface. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variances was used to statistically compare muscle activations between surfaces. As a result of statistical analysis, no significant differences were found in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activations between surfaces (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activation in the squat movement was not affected by the stability of the surfaces. Therefore, it can be suggested that the surfaces used in this study can be used interchangeably for vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle activation in the squat exercise

The role of placental growth factor, neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 in pterygium etiopathogenesis

Pterjiyum etyopatogenezinde Plasental Büyüme Faktörü (PLGF), Nöropilin-1 (NP-1) ve Nöropilin-2’nin rolünü (NP-2) immunhistokimyasal olarak değerlendirmek. Metot: Meram Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları kliniğine başvuran ve daha önce pterjiyum cerrahisi geçirmiş olgular ile konjonktival nevüs eksizyonu yapılan olguların komşu temiz konjonktiva dokularından elde edilen preparatlar ve patolojik bloklar arşivden çıkarıldı. Tüm kesitlere, primer antikorlar olan 1/100 dilüe PLGF (abcam Cambridge Science Park, UK), %1/100 dilüe NP-1 ve NP-2 (abcam Cambridge Science Park, UK) immunhistokimyasal boyaları uygulandı. İmmunhistokimyasal boyama sonrası lamlar ışık mikroskobunda (Olympus BX53) değerlendirildi. Lam üzerindeki tüm pterjiyum doku alanı tarandı. Pterjiyum hücrelerinin epitel, endotel, stroma ve iltihap hücre elemanların boyanma şiddeti skorlaması ve ekspresyon yüzdesi değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen retrospektif olarak incelenen 42 pterjiyum hastasının 19’u erkek, 23’ü kadındı. Kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya dahil edilen 20 normal konjonktiva dokusunun 10’u erkek, 10’u kadın hastalardan elde edilmiştir. Gruplar arasında demografik özellikler açısından benzer sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Pterjiyum dokusunda epitel, endotel, stroma ve iltihap hücrelerindeki PLGF ve NP-2 düzeyleri normal konjonktiva dokusundaki aynı katmanlarla karşılaştırıldığında istatiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha geniş alanda (p<0.001) ve yoğunluk olarak daha yüksek seviyede boyandığı görüldü (p<0.001). Ancak NP-1 ile boyanan pterjiyum ve normal konjonktiva dokusunun epitel, endotel, stroma ve iltihap hücreleri arasında hem yüzdesel alan olarak (p= 0.730, 0.121, 0.524, 0.624) hem de boyanma yoğunluğu olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (p= 0.716, 0.147, 0.147, 0.780). Sonuç: Pterjiyum dokusunda yüksek düzeyde tespit edilen PLGF ve NP-2 pterjiyum progresyonu ve postoperatif nüksü önlemede gelecekte birer terapötik hedef olabilir.To evaluate the role of Placental Growth Factor (PLGF), Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) and Neuropilin-2 (NP-2) in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium immunohistochemically. Method: Preparations and pathological blocks obtained from patients applied to Meram Medical Faculty Ophthalmology outpatient clinic who had previously undergone pterygium surgery and conjunctival nevus excision were removed from the archive. Immunohistochemical stains of the primary antibodies 1/100 diluted PLGF (abcam Cambridge Science Park, UK), 1/100% diluted NP-1 and NP-2 (abcam Cambridge Science Park, UK) were applied to all sections. After immunohistochemical staining, the slides were evaluated under an Olympus BX53 light microscope. The entire pterygium tissue area on the slide was scanned. Staining intensity scoring and expression percentage of epithelial, endothelial, stroma and inflammatory cell elements of pterygium cells were evaluated. Results: Of the 42 patients with pterygium included in the study, who were examined retrospectively, 19 were male and 23 were female. Of the 20 normal conjunctival tissues included in the study as the control group, 10 were taken from male and 10 from female patients. Similar results were obtained between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. PLGF and NP-2 levels in epithelial, endothelial, stroma and inflammatory cells in pterygium tissue were statistically significantly larger (p<0.001) and higher in intensity when compared to the same layers in normal conjunctival tissue (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the epithelium, endothelium, stroma and inflammatory cells of the pterygium and normal conjunctival tissue stained with NP-1, both in terms of percent area (p= 0.730, 0.121, 0.524, 0.624) and staining intensity. (p= 0.716, 0.147, 0.147, 0.780) Conclusion: High levels of PLGF and NP-2 detected in pterygium tissue may be therapeutic targets in the future to prevent pterygium progression and postoperative recurrence

The Investigation Of Heavy Metal Accumulation In Cladophora Glomerata (Chlorophyce)

Bu çalışmada, Kızılırmak Nehri üzerinde belirlenen beş istasyondan toplanan Cladophora glomerata (Chlorophyceae) örneklerinde ağır metal birikiminin düzeylerini araştırdık. Bu amaçla bitkinin fotosentez, solunum, büyüme ve gelişmesinde etkili olan sodyum (Na), magnezyum (Mg), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), mangan (Mn), selenyum (Se) ve iyot (I) gibi iz ve makro elementler ile, belirli bir miktarın üzerinde canlılar için toksik sayılan alüminyum (Al), krom (Cr), demir (Fe), nikel (Ni), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), kadmiyum (Cd) ve kurşun (Pb) gibi ağır metallerin yoğunlukları, elektron dağılım spektroskopisi (EDS) kullanılarak belirlendi. Sonuçta, üçüncü, dördüncü ve beşinci istasyonlardan toplanan örneklerdeki ağır metal seviyeleri, birinci ve ikinci istasyondan toplanan örneklerle karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksekti. Bu sonuçlar Cladophora glomerata’nın ağır metal birikiminin araştırılmasında hassas ve kullanışlı bir biyoindikatör olduğunu gösterdi.This study, we investigated the levels of heavy metal accumulation in Cladophora glomerata. (Chlorophyceae) samples collected from five different stations determined on Kızılırmak river. For this aim, the intensity of the trace and macro-elements such as sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), selenium (Se) and iodine (I) which is required for photosynthesis, respiration, grown and develop of plant and heavy metals such as aluminium (Al), chrome (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) which are respected as toxic for alives were determined by using electron disperse spectroscopy (EDS). As a result, the accumulation levels of heavy metal in the samples collected from third, fourth and fifth stations were higher when compared with samples collected from first and second stations. These results indicate that Cladophora glomerata was very sensitive and useful bioindicator for the investigation of the heavy metal accumulatio

Anticholinergic Syndrome Due to the Use of Datura Stramonium Seeds for Constipation: A Story of Prolonged ICU Stay

Datura stramonium is grown widely in some regions of Turkey. Datura stramonium seed is used in the treatment of various diseases such as constipation and acne and causes anticholinergic toxicity when taken in overdose. In the literature, patients presenting with mild symptoms are the majority, and intensive care follow-up is often not required for these patients. In this case report, we present a 50-year-old male patient who received around 200 Datura stramonium seeds for the treatment of chronic constipation. When the patient admitted to the emergency department, he was unconscious, and his pupils were dilated. The patient who had severe vomiting and contractions was intubated. With the diagnosis of anticholinergic syndrome, physostigmine 0.5 mg (one dose) and 1 mg (two times) were administered to the patient with central nervous system findings. The patient who developed sepsis due to aspiration pneumonia during the follow-up stayed in the intensive care unit for 40 days with the support of mechanical ventilator for 37 days. The patient was discharged after 26 days of treatment in the physical therapy service Accidental ingestion of Datura stramonium seed used for herbal therapy in high doses may cause life-threatening consequences due to its anticholinergic effects or complications related to these effects

The Clinical and Laboratory Efficacy of HA 330 Treatment Combined with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Septic Shock Patients: A Case Series

© 2023 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved.Introduction: Blood purification therapy is a method used to enable cytokine removal and to improve disturbed immune homeostasis in patients with sepsis or septic shock. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HA 330 treatment on biochemical and hemodynamic parameters and cytokine levels in adult patients with septic shock. Methods: Critically ill patients with septic shock who received continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration and HA 330 treatment were included in this prospective observational study. Biochemical and hemodynamic parameters were followed throughout HA 330 treatment. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, high-mobility group box1 (HMGB-1) protein, IL-10 levels were analyzed by ELISA method, before and after each HA 330 session. Results: A total of 18 critically ill patients were included in this study. The median APACHE 2 score was 22.2 ± 7.49 and median SOFA score 9.6 ± 5.44 on intensive care unit admission. SOFA scores were significantly decreased on the 3rd day of HA 330 treatment, compared to 2nd day scores (p = 0.017). Median leukocyte value was significantly decreased (p = 0.027 and p = 0.024), while hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged throughout the HA 330 treatment. Median CRP and procalcitonin levels were significantly reduced at day 3 of HA 330 treatment compared to the baseline (p = 0.015 and p = 0.033, respectively). Serum IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, HMGB-1, and IL-10 levels decreased insignificantly by 11.5%, 26.4%, 11.4%, 37.9%, 0.02%, and 35.5%, respectively, at the end of the hemoperfusion treatment compared to the pre-treatment. Conclusion: The administration of HA 330-based hemoperfusion in septic shock patients revealed improvements in SOFA scores, leukocyte count, and CRP and procalcitonin levels. However, there was no statistically significant change in concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and hemodynamic parameters during HA 330 treatment

Vehicle effects on seismic response of a simple-span bridge during shake tests

Presence of vehicles on a bridge has been observed many times during past earthquakes. Although in practice, the engineers may or may not include the live load contribution to seismic weight in design, current bridge design codes do not specify a certain guideline. A very limited research has been conducted to address this issue from design point of view. The focus of this research is to experimentally assess the effect of a vehicle on the seismic response of a bridge through a large-scale model. In this scope, a 12-meter long bridge, having a one lane deck with concrete slab on steel girders, has been shaken under five different ground motions obtained from recent earthquakes that occurred in Turkey, in its transverse direction, both with and without a vehicle on top of the deck. The measured results have indicated that top slab transverse acceleration and bearing displacements can reduce up to 18.7% in presence of a vehicle during seismic tests, which is an indication of reduction in substructure forces. The main reason for the reduction in seismic response of the bridge in the presence of live load can be ascribed to the increase in damping of the system due to mass damper-like action induced by the vehicle. This beneficial effect cannot be observed in vertical seismic response. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd