The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization

The gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) is one of the main fruit trees that are part of Colombia's export supply. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of chemical fertilizers alone (control) or together with integrated fertilization (humic acids or vermicompost; two separate treatments), on the yield and quality of gulupa fruit during two consecutive production cycles in the Colombian Amazon foothills. The climatic conditions were monitored and the phenological state of the plant was related to the average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, and vapor pressure deficit. The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested. The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle. These results demonstrate the high degree of influence exerted by the climate on productive and fruit quality attributes that are decisive in the production and marketing of the fruit.This research was supported by the Colombian Ministry of Science through the Bicentennial Doctoral Excellence Scholarship Program to F.M. Authors thank the technical staff of the Universidad Surcolombiana and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia who contributed to the development of this research. This work belongs to the doctoral thesis of F.M. supervised by Dr. M.S.H.G. and Dr. N.G.G. and is part of the collaboration agreement between the Sinchi Institute and the UPCT

Enhancing drones for law enforcement and capacity monitoring at open large events

Police tasks related with law enforcement and citizen protection have gained a very useful asset in drones. Crowded demonstrations, large sporting events, or summer festivals are typical situations when aerial surveillance is necessary. The eyes in the sky are moving from the use of manned helicopters to drones due to costs, environmental impact, and discretion, resulting in local, regional, and national police forces possessing specific units equipped with drones. In this paper, we describe an artificial intelligence solution developed for the Castelldefels local police (Barcelona, Spain) to enhance the capabilities of drones used for the surveillance of large events. In particular, we propose a novel methodology for the efficient integration of deep learning algorithms in drone avionics. This integration improves the capabilities of the drone for tasks related with capacity control. These tasks have been very relevant during the pandemic and beyond. Controlling the number of persons in an open area is crucial when the expected crowd might exceed the capacity of the area and put humans in danger. The new methodology proposes an efficient and accurate execution of deep learning algorithms, which are usually highly demanding for computation resources. Results show that the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence models are too slow when utilised in the drone standard equipment. These models lose accuracy when images are taken at altitudes above 30 metres. With our new methodology, these two drawbacks can be overcome and results with good accuracy (96% correct segmentation and between 20% and 35% mean average proportional error) can be obtained in less than 20 s.This research was partially funded by the AGAUR research agency of Catalonia under grant number 2020PANDE00141 and by the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain under grant number PID2020-116377RB-C21.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Modelo para la creación de emprendimientos sociales en Antioquia

En los últimos años ha crecido la creación de empresas ubicadas en el denominado cuarto sector de la economía, en el que se encuentran empresas que generan impacto social y ambiental, al tiempo que por medio de actividades comerciales, logran generación de ingresos económicos y sostenibilidad. Colombia y, específicamente Antioquia, es una región con gran potencial para este campo, debido a las problemáticas sociales que presenta y al ecosistema de innovación que se tiene, sin embargo, este tipo de emprendimientos es poco conocido, y por esta razón nace la necesidad de estructurar un modelo para la creación de emprendimientos sociales en Antioquia, enfocados en el impacto social, ambiental y económico. La presente investigación se realizó bajo un enfoque cualitativo y el tipo de estudio fue descriptivo, la unidad de análisis estuvo constituida por emprendedores y formadores de este tipo de empresas; como instrumentos de recolección de la información se utilizaron cuestionarios y entrevistas, la muestra fue intencional y se aplicó a emprendedores sociales, representantes del sistema de innovación y la academia.The born of enterprises located at the named fourth sector of the economy has increased In the last years, in this sector are located business generating social and environmental impact, at the time that through commercial activities, achieve economic revenue and sustainability. Colombia and, specifically Antioquia, is a high potential region for this field, due to the social troubles and their innovation ecosystem, but nevertheless, this kind of business are almost unknown, and because that born the need of design a model for the creation of social entrepreneurships in Antioquia, focused on the social, environmental an economic impact. This research was conducted under a qualitative focus and the type of study was descriptive, the analysis unit was made up of entrepreneurs and trainers of this type of company; the tools used for collecting data were questionnaires and interviews, with an intentional sample were applied to social entrepreneurs and representatives of the innovation system and academy

Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Zarid, M., García-Carpintero, V., Esteras, C., Esteva, J., Bueso, M.C., Cañizares, J., Picó, M.B., Monforte, A.J. and Fernández-Trujillo, J.P. (2021), Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening. J Sci Food Agric, 101: 754-777, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10688. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] BACKGROUND A near-isogenic line (NIL) of melon (SC10-2) with introgression in linkage group X was studied from harvest (at firm-ripe stage of maturity) until day 18 of postharvest storage at 20.5 degrees C together with its parental control ('Piel de Sapo', PS). RESULTS SC10-2 showed higher flesh firmness and whole fruit hardness but lower juiciness than its parental. SC10-2 showed a decrease in respiration rate accompanied by a decrease in ethylene production during ripening, both of which fell to a greater extent than in PS. The introgression affected 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the levels of which during ripening were generally higher in SC10-2 than in PS. Transcriptomic analysis from RNA-Seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the effects studied. For example, 909 DEGs were exclusive to the introgression, and only 23 DEGs were exclusive to postharvest ripening time. Major functions of the DEGs associated with introgression or ripening time were identified by cluster analysis. About 37 genes directly and/or indirectly affected the delay in ripening of SC10-2 compared with PS in general and, more particularly, the physiological and quality traits measured and, probably, the differential non-climacteric response. Of the former genes, we studied in more detail at least five that mapped in the introgression in linkage group (LG) X, and 32 outside it. CONCLUSION There is an apparent control of textural changes, VOCs and fruit ripening by an expression quantitative trait locus located in LG X together with a direct control on them due to genes presented in the introgression (CmTrpD,CmNADH1,CmTCP15,CmGDSL esterase/lipase, andCmHK4-like) and CmNAC18.This work was funded by grants 11784/PI/09 (Seneca Foundation, Region of Murcia) and Ministry of Economy and Innovation (AGL2010-20858). M Zarid acknowledges an UE-Erasmus predoctoral fellowship, a program coordinated by the University of Murcia in the framework of CMN. Thanks are due to Semillas Fitó SA (Barcelona, Spain), for providing seeds of PS melons and IRTACRAG for the seeds of SC10-2. We acknowledge the assistance of P Varó and his team in CIFEA-Torre Pacheco for crop management, to N Dos-Santos, M Medina, M García-Gutiérrez, A Hakmaoui, E Cuadros, I Canales and AA Escudero (UPCT) for sampling and technical assistance, to SAIT-UPCT for GC-MS analysis, to AG Sifres (COMAV) for RNA extraction, and to CNAG (Barcelona) for professional assistance in RNA-Seq. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.Zarid, M.; García-Carpintero, V.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Esteva, J.; Bueso, MC.; Cañizares Sales, J.; Picó Sirvent, MB.... (2021). Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 101(2):754-777. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10688S7547771012Ríos, P., Argyris, J., Vegas, J., Leida, C., Kenigswald, M., Tzuri, G., … Garcia-Mas, J. (2017). 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Native amazonic fruit, handling and use in Colombian Amazonic Region

[SPA] Las frutas amazónicas fueron identificadas como una alternativa productiva desde mediados de la década de los 80’s, en la cuenca Amazónica. Frutos tales como el arazá (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh), el Copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum wild Spreng) Schum, el lulo amazónico o cocona (Solanum sessilliflorum), el maraco (Theobroma bicolor H.B.K), el aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.F), el anon amazónico (Rollinia mucosa) (Jacq) (Baill), y el camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia H.B.K) son parte de la oferta de la diversidad presente en la región Amazónica colombiana y han ganado un nicho de mercado en el último quinquenio, pues en el contexto mundial el mercado de productos exóticos (frescos y procesados) ha crecido continuamente. Ello significa que su consolidación en forma de cadena de valor puede traer beneficios económicos y sociales a la región. En este trabajo se presentan aspectos de interés postcosecha sobre los parámetros tecnológicos apropiados de producción, índices de recolección, condiciones críticas de almacenamiento, tratamientos posrecolección para prolongar la vida útil del producto con calidad y seguridad para el consumidor y respeto del medio ambiente suficientes, de algunos de estos frutos. Ello permitirá conservar el ecosistema y a la vez generar un valor añadido para los productores que revierta en la mejore de su calidad de vida.[ENG] Amazonic fruits were identified an alternative for the regional development in the Amazonic area in the 80´s decade. Secie such as Arazá (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh), Copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum wild Spreng) Schum, Lulo amazónico or cocona (Solanum sessilliflorum), Maraco (Theobroma bicolor H.B.K), Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.F), Anon amazónico (Rollinia mucosa) (Jaqc) (Baill), and camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia H.B.K) are part of the diverse Colombian Amazonic offer to the consumers in one market of exotic fresh and processed tropical fruit in continuous expansion. At the present, many fresh and processed Amazonic fruit products are marketed, in their own Amazonic countries of production. The research on Amazonic tropical fruit will add values to the products and will strong the socioeconomic structure. Principal postharvest topics related to fruit value chain are harvest indexes, storage conditions and postharvest treatments to increase shelf-life and keep quality and safety of the produce with care to the environmental aspects. All of those advances can lead to an increase in the demand for these fruit, and also to more respect to the environment and, at the same time, give additional value to growers that finally can improve his present life´s quality in the region with more biodiversity in the world

Vocalizaciones asociadas al comportamiento colonial de Cacicus chrysonotus leucoramphus (Icteridae) en Colombia

In order to assess the association between the vocalizations and the displayed behaviors of the Golden-shouldered Mountain Cacique (Cacicus chrysonotus leucoramphus), we sampled both acoustic and behavioral features at three sites in the Andes of Nariño, southern Colombia. We obtained seven vocalization types, six of them associated with at least one of the three identified behavioral categories (vigilance, alertness, and territorial defense), and one linked with a courtship exhibition. Vocalizations with higher values of bandwidth and frequency modulations were associated with territorial behavior, whereas those with lower values of bandwidth and few frequency modulations were associated with vigilance and alert. Results showed similarities in the acoustic structure of vocalizations and the related social context with other species as the C. cela and C. haemorrhous. C. c. leucoramphus uses specific types of vocalizations in a particular social context, with some vocalizations used in different behaviors. This study describes for the first time the social context in which vocalizations are associated with their behaviors.Con el objetivo de evaluar la asociación entre las vocalizaciones y los comportamientos del cacique montano norteño (Cacicus chrysonotus leucoramphus), se tomaron registros acústicos y conductuales de la especie en cuatro localidades de los Andes de Nariño, en el sur de Colombia. Se registraron seis tipos de vocalizaciones asociadas a por lo menos una de las tres categorías conductuales identificadas (vigilancia, alerta y defensa territorial), y una vocalización registrada en un único evento de cortejo. Vocalizaciones con valores más altos de ancho de banda y modulación de frecuencia resultaron asociadas a defensa territorial, mientras que vocalizaciones con valores bajos de ancho de banda y poca modulación cumplieron funciones de vigilancia y alerta. Los resultados indican similitudes en el comportamiento vocal y social con respecto a estudios en otras especies como Cacicus cela y Cacicus haemorrhous. C. c. leucoramphus utiliza vocalizaciones específicas en un determinado contexto conductual, pudiendo algunas de ellas ser reutilizadas en varios comportamientos. Este estudio describe por primera vez el contexto social en el que se asocian las vocalizaciones y conductas en esta especie

Sustainability

Mihouse es una solución dinámica y sostenible para las condiciones reales del barrio en Cali, Colombia, con posibilidades de adaptarse a cualquier lugar. El objetivo principal del equipo es ofrecer un barrio innovador con condiciones de alta asequibilidad a través de una alta densidad de 128 unidades de vivienda que pueden expandirse pronto con fines productivos. Su diseño incluye un generoso entorno verde que ofrece una unidad habitacional confortable, flexible, progresiva y productiva a lo largo del tiempo. Teniendo en cuenta los principios de sostenibilidad, se ha diseñado un plan de gestión integral del agua diseñado un plan de gestión integrada del agua, en el que la recogida de agua de lluvia permite consumir menos agua potable y reutilizarla para la limpieza de los baños, entre otras cosas. Para la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos, se propone la creación de una pequeña empresa que gestione los residuos de la comunidad. Además, Mihouse aprovecha el Sol como fuente de energía gratuita mediante un sistema solar fotovoltaico conectado a la red con capacidad de almacenamiento, que producirá y utilizará su propia energía eléctrica además de poder vender el exceso de energía captada a la red, haciendo el sistema sostenible en el tiempoMihouse is a dynamic and sustainable solution for real neighborhood conditions in Cali, Colombia, with possibilities to be adapted anywhere. The team’s main goal is to offer an innovative neighborhood with high affordability conditions through a high density of 128 living units that can expand soon for productive purposes. Its design includes a generous green environment offering a comfortable living unit, flexible, progressive and productive along the time Considering sustainable principles, an integrated water management plan has been designed, in which rainwater harvesting allows us to consume less potable water and reusing it for cleaning bathrooms among others. For the integrated solid waste management, the creation of a small company to manage the community’s residues is proposed. Furthermore, Mihouse takes advantage of the Sun as a free energy source using a solar photovoltaic gridconnected system with storage capacity, that will produce and use its own electrical energy as well as being able to sell the excess of captured energy to the grid, making the system sustainable during the time.Primera edició

Genomic analysis of chilling injury in MicroTom fruits

[SPA] La respuesta al frío en las plantas se ha identificado como un proceso de aclimatación que requiere la activación y represión de genes que permiten una mejor supervivencia. Dicha respuesta se produce en tiempos cortos o muy cortos de veinte a treinta minutos, lo que implica que los sensores de frío se encuentran presentes en las células vegetales responsables de la respuesta. Durante el proceso de comercialización, muchas frutas y hortalizas se almacenan en cámaras frigoríficas que reducen la velocidad de maduración o senescencia, pero que provocan en algunos casos daños por frío. Hemos utilizado el fruto de tomate de la variedad Micro Tom para llevar a cabo un cribado exhaustivo de genes activados y reprimidos por el frío. Sorprendentemente, ninguno de los genes que aparecieron en el cribado han sido identificados como genes de respuesta al frío o de maduración lo que sugiere que los daños por frío se deben a una disrupción de la maquinaria de mantenimiento celular. El gen LeCBF1 es un factor de transcripción que activa una de las rutas de aclimatación al frío. Dicho gen es activado por frío en hojas de tomate, pero no fue activado por el frío en frutos, lo que sugiere que la enorme sensibilidad de los frutos de tomate al frío puede deberse a una falta de respuesta a dicho estrés abiótico. [ENG] Cold sensing in plants has been described as an acclimation process that requires activation and repression of several sets of genes that improve plant survival. This response happens in short or very short periods between twenty and thirty minutes, suggesting that cold sensors are present in plant cells responsible of cold sensing and responses. During shipping and marketing, many fruits and vegetables are stored in cold chambers in order to reduce ripening or senescence speed, causing in some cases the so called chilling injury syndrome. We have used tomato fruits of the Microtom cultivar in order to perform and exhaustive screen for genes activated and repressed by the cold. Surprisingly none of the genes that appeared in the screen had been previously identified as cold-response or ripening genes suggesting that chilling injuries are due to a disruption of the house-keeping cellular system. The LeCBf1 gene is a transcription factor that activates one of the cold acclimation pathways. Gene expression analysis showed that cold treatment activated LeCBF1in leaves but not in fruits suggesting that the extreme sensitivity of tomato fruits to cold are due to a lack of response to this abiotic stress

Análisis Genómico de los daños por frío en tomate Microtom

[ESP] La respuesta al frío en las plantas se ha identificado como un proceso de aclimatación que requiere la activación y represión de genes que permiten una mejor supervivencia. Dicha respuesta se produce en tiempos cortos o muy cortos de veinte a treinta minutos, lo que implica que los sensores de frío se encuentran presentes en las células vegetales responsables de la respuesta. Durante el proceso de comercialización, muchas frutas y hortalizas se almacenan en cámaras frigoríficas que reducen la velocidad de maduración o senescencia, pero que provocan en algunos casos daños por frío. Hemos utilizado el fruto de tomate de la variedad Micro Tom para llevar a cabo un cribado exhaustivo de genes activados y reprimidos por el frío. Sorprendentemente, ninguno de los genes que aparecieron en el cribado han sido identificados como genes de respuesta al frío o de maduración lo que sugiere que los daños por frío se deben a una disrupción de la maquinaria de mantenimiento celular. El gen LeCBF1 es un factor de transcripción que activa una de las rutas de aclimatación al frío. Dicho gen es activado por frío en hojas de tomate, pero no fue activado por el frío en frutos, lo que sugiere que la enorme sensibilidad de los frutos de tomate al frío puede deberse a una falta de respuesta a dicho estrés abiótico. [ENG] Cold sensing in plants has been described as an acclimation process that requires activation and repression of several sets of genes that improve plant survival. This response happens in short or very short periods between twenty and thirty minutes, suggesting that cold sensors are present in plant cells responsible of cold sensing and responses. During shipping and marketing, many fruits and vegetables are stored in cold chambers in order to reduce ripening or senescence speed, causing in some cases the so called chilling injury syndrome. We have used tomato fruits of the Microtom cultivar in order to perform and exhaustive screen for genes activated and repressed by the cold. Surprisingly none of the genes that appeared in the screen had been previously identified as cold-response or ripening gene

The ERA Registry Annual Report 2019 : summary and age comparisons

Background Data on renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease were collected by the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article provides a summary of the 2019 ERA Registry Annual Report, including data from 34 countries and additional age comparisons. Methods Individual patient data for 2019 were provided by 35 registries and aggregated data by 17 registries. Using these data, the incidence and prevalence of RRT, the kidney transplantation activity and the survival probabilities were calculated. Results In 2019, a general population of 680.8 million people was covered by the ERA Registry. Overall, the incidence of RRT was 132 per million population (p.m.p.). Of these patients, 62% were men, 54% were >= 65 years of age and 21% had diabetes mellitus as primary renal disease (PRD), and 84% had haemodialysis (HD), 11% had peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 5% had pre-emptive kidney transplantation as an initial treatment modality. The overall prevalence of RRT on 31 December 2019 was 893 p.m.p., with 58% of patients on HD, 5% on PD and 37% living with a kidney transplant. The overall kidney transplant rate was 35 p.m.p. and 29% of the kidney grafts were from a living donor. The unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 42.3% for patients commencing dialysis, 86.6% for recipients of deceased donor grafts and 94.4% for recipients of living donor grafts in the period 2010-14. When comparing age categories, there were substantial differences in the distribution of PRD, treatment modality and kidney donor type, and in the survival probabilities.Peer reviewe