Historia de vida de Daphnia magna y Ceriodaphnia reticulata (crustacea - cladocera) bajo condiciones de laboratorio para definir su potencial como alimento en piscicultura

Los cladóceros por su pequeña talla, rápido desarrollo y temprana reproducción, son utilizados como alimento vivo en piscicultura. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la historia de vida de Daphnia magna y Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Crustacea - Cladocera), bajo condiciones de laboratorio para definir su potencial como alimento en piscicultura. Fueron realizados cultivos experimentales de D. magna y C. reticulata manteniendo 12 individuos por especie en recipientes independientes de 100 ml. Como alimento se utilizó seston proveniente de la ciénaga de San Marcos — Sucre, filtrado con malla de 40 pm y mantenido en dos acuarios de 25 litros. Los parámetros poblacionales fueron medidos cada 12 horas a lo largo del periodo de vida de los especímenes. El tiempo del desarrollo embrionario fue de 16 horas para C. reticulata y 24 horas para D. magna. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (Pk0.05) en el crecimiento poblacional, siendo mejor el desempeño de C. reticulata (fecundidad media de 1.12 neonatos/hembra, edad y talla de la maduración de 5.9 días y 77.9 pm, respectivamente) que el de D. magna (fecundidad media de 0.71 neonatos/hembra, edad y talla de la maduración de 9 días y 256 pm, respectivamente). Los cladóceros estudiados mostraron diferencias en los parámetros poblacionales, lo que sugiere estrategias de adaptación diferentes con relación al recurso alimenticio ofrecido. En general se encontró que por su tamaño y rápido crecimiento son potencialmente útiles como alimento al inicio de la alimentación exógena de postlarvas de Prochilodus magdalenae, Brycon sinuensis y Colossoma macropomum, principales especies piscícolas en la región

Law 9/2017 – LCSP Effects of the award systems

RESUMEN: El siguiente trabajo gira alrededor de la Ley 09/2017 de Contratos del Sector Público, en donde se revisan los puntos más relevantes sobre esta, orientada desde el punto de vista de los contratos de obras, haciendo hincapié en sus principios básicos como son: la transparencia y la libre competencia, principios fundamentales que prevalecen en la legislación nacional. A pesar de esta legislación, los agentes económicos que interactúan en el mercado no actúan respetando siempre estas normas prestablecidas, por ello presentaremos los distintos parámetros que pueden determinar un tipo de contrato u otro, mostrando ejemplos de actualidad en los que veremos la importancia de estos procedimientos y la diferencia entre unos u otros. Por último, tras una extracción de una serie de obras entre los años 2014-2019 analizaremos las tendencias presupuestarias que han tenido respecto a las ofertas propuestas por parte de las constructoras ante las obras ofertadas por parte del Ayuntamiento de SantanderABSTRACT: The following work is based on the Law 09/2017 on Public Sector Contracts, where the most relevant points about it are reviewed, oriented from the point of view of works contracts, emphasizing its basic principles such as: the transparency and free competition, fundamental principles that prevail in national legislation. Despite this legislation, the stakeholders that interact in the market do not act always respecting these pre-established norms, therefore we will present the different parameters that can determine one type of contract or another, showing current examples where we will see the importance of these procedures and the difference between one or the other. Finally, after extracting a series of works between the years 2014-2019, we will analyze the budgetary trends they have had with respect to the offers offered by the construction companies compared to the works offered by the Santander City CouncilGrado en Economí

Tax comparasion between the community of Madrid and Catalonia

RESUMEN: Este trabajo va a llevar a acabo una comparación de los sistemas fiscales de las dos Comunidades Autónomas más importantes de este país como son Cataluña y la Comunidad de Madrid. Aunque antes de esto, el trabajo comenzará con una breve introducción al tema. Además, se va a realizar una explicación de la Teoría del Federalismo Fiscal al igual que se comentará una de sus formas que es la descentralización tanto a través del ingreso como del gasto. Dentro de esta explicación, se va a comparar también los diferentes sistemas fiscales de los principales países europeos, así como se proporcionarán las características fiscales más importantes del sistema fiscal español por medio de las funciones del gasto público. Volviendo a la comparación de los sistemas fiscales de Cataluña y la Comunidad de Madrid, esta se va a realizar a través de distintas variables como son la recaudación por habitante o per cápita, la cual va a ser realizada mediante la población total y la ajustada. La siguiente variable será la ratio recaudación real/recaudación normativa en primer lugar, para el Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales y seguidamente para el Impuesto sobre Sucesiones y Donaciones. La ratio calculada va a proporcionar información acerca de si las Comunidades Autónomas estudiadas suben o bajan los impuestos en los diferentes años. La última variable utilizada en el trabajo serán los impuestos propios. A través del número de tributos propios y la recaudación per cápita que estos ocasionan se puede obtener información relevante acerca de la presión fiscal sufrida en ambas Comunidades Autónomas. Como principal conclusión hay que destacar que la Comunidad de Madrid presenta una mayor competitividad fiscal que la comunidad catalana, lo que se traduce además en una menor presión fiscal para los ciudadanos madrileños. Esto les permite convivir en un sistema fiscal más flexible y menos exigente, con el que disponen de una mayor libertad económicaABSTRACT: This paper will carry out a comparison of the tax systems of the two most important Autonomous Communities of this country, such as Catalonia and the Community of Madrid. First of all, the paper will begin with a brief introduction to the theme. In addition, an explanation of the Theory of Fiscal Federalism will be made, as well as one of its forms will be discussed, which is decentralization both through income and expenditure. Within this explanation, the different tax systems of the main European countries will also be compared, as well as the most important fiscal characteristics of the Spanish tax system through the functions of public spending will be provided. Returning to the comparison of the tax systems of Catalonia and the Community of Madrid, this will be carried out through different variables such as the collection per inhabitant or per capita, which will be carried out through the total and adjusted population. The next variable will be the ratio of real collection / regulatory collection first, for the Tax on Patrimonial Transmissions and then for the Tax on Inheritance and Donations. The calculated ratio will provide information about whether the Autonomous Communities raise or lower taxes in the different years. The last variable used in the paper will be your own taxes. Through the number of own taxes and the per capita collection that these cause, relevant information about the tax burden suffered in both Autonomous Communities can be obtained. As the main conclusion, it should be noted that the Community of Madrid has a greater fiscal competitiveness than the Catalan community, which also translates into a lower tax burden for Madrid citizens. This allows them to live in a more flexible and less demanding tax system, with which they have greater economic freedom..Grado en Economí

Applications of OralCDx ® methodology in the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

Objective: We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the brush biopsy technique using OralCDx ® (OralScan Laboratories Inc., Suffern, NY) as a new method for early diagnosis and control of a 'potentially malignant disorder' such as oral leukoplakia. Design of the study: We performed a study in which samples were taken using OralCDx ® on 24 patients who visited the Master of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology of the University of Santiago de Compostela between February 2009 and May 2010. These patients presented clinical and histological lesions that were consistent with oral leukoplakia. We evaluated the relationship between the keratinization degree of the lesions and cell representation; the diagnosis obtained through OralCDx ® and biopsies; and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: 50% of patients were men and 50% women with an average age of 62.38 years. The Kappa coefficient relating keratinization of lesions and cell representation was 0.33, the OralCDx ® - biopsy diagnostic rate reached a Kappa value of 0.66, recording 72.7%, sensitivity and 92.3% specificity, PPV was 88.8%, while NPV reached 80%. Conclusions: cytology sampling with OralCDx ® showed high sensitivity and specificity values, which make it a good tool for monitoring oral leukoplakia, but nowadays the most reliable method that allows us to confirm the exact diagnosis of the lesions and their anatomical and pathological characteristics still is conventional biopsy using a surgical scalpel. © Medicina Oral S. L

Historia de vida de Daphnia Magna y Ceriodaphnia Reticulata en condiciones de laboratorio: uso potencial como alimento para peces

  Cladocerans by its small size, rapid development and early reproduction, are used as live food in aquaculture (fish farming). This work aims to study the life history of Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Crustacea - Cladocera) under laboratory conditions to determine their potential as food in (fish farming). Experimental cultivations of D. magna and C. reticulata 12 individuals by maintaining species in separate containers of 100 ml. As seston food was used from the swamp of San Marcos - Sucre, filtered with 40 - micron mesh and maintained in two 25-liter aquariums. The population parameters were measured every 12 hours throughout the lifetime of specimens. Embryonic development time was 16 hours for C. reticulata and 24 hours for D. magna. There were significant differences (P?0.05) in population growth, with better performance C. reticulata (average fertility of 1.12 infants/female, age and size at maturity of 5.9 days and 77.9 ?m, respectively) than D. magna (average fertility of 0.71 infants/female, age and size at maturity of 9 days and 256?m, respectively). The cladocerans studied showed differences in population parameters, suggesting different adaptation strategies in relation to food resource offered.In general it was found that due to its size and rapid growth are potentially useful as food at the start of exogenous feeding of postlarvae Prochilodus magdalenae, Brycon sinuensis and Colossoma macropomum, major fish species in the region.  Los cladóceros por su pequeña talla, rápido desarrollo y temprana reproducción, son utilizados como alimento vivo en piscicultura. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la historia de vida de Daphnia magna y Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Crustacea - Cladocera), bajo condiciones de laboratorio para definir su potencial como alimento en piscicultura. Fueron realizados cultivos experimentales de D. magna y C. reticulata manteniendo 12 individuos por especie en recipientes independientes de 100 ml. Como alimento se utilizó seston proveniente de la ciénaga de San Marcos – Sucre, filtrado con malla de 40 ?m y mantenido en dos acuarios de 25 litros. Los parámetros poblacionales fueron medidos cada 12 horas a lo largo del periodo de vida de los especímenes. El tiempo del desarrollo embrionario fue de 16 horas para C. reticulata y 24 horas para D. magna. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (P?0.05) en el crecimiento poblacional, siendo mejor el desempeño de C. reticulata (fecundidad media de 1.12 neonatos/hembra, edad y talla de la maduración de 5.9 días y 77.9 ?m, respectivamente) que el de D. magna (fecundidad media de 0.71 neonatos/hembra, edad y talla de la maduración de 9 días y 256 ?m, respectivamente). Los cladóceros estudiados mostraron diferencias en los parámetros poblacionales, lo que sugiere estrategias de adaptación diferentes con relación al recurso alimenticio ofrecido. En general se encontró que por su tamaño y rápido crecimiento son potencialmente útiles como alimento al inicio de la alimentación exógena de postlarvas de Prochilodus magdalenae, Brycon sinuensis y Colossoma macropomum, principales especies piscícolas en la región

The role of p21Waf 1/CIP1 as a Cip/Kip type cell-cycle regulator in oral squamous cell carcinoma: review

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is biologically characterized by the accumulation of multiple genetic and molecular alterations that end up clinically characterized as a malignant neoplasm through a phenomenon known as multistep. The members of the Cip/Kip family, specifically p21 Waf 1/CIP1 , are responsible for cell cycle control, blocking the transition from phase G1 to phase S. We made a search of articles of peer-reviewed Journals in PubMed/ Medline, crossing the keywords. The goal of this paper is to determine the relationship between p21 Waf 1/ CIP1 expression and several clinical and pathological aspects of OSCC, their relationship with p53 and HPV, as well as genetic alterations in their expression pattern, their use as a prognosis market in the evolution of precancer - ous lesions and their roles in anticancer treatments. The results of p21 WA F1/C I P1 expression in OSCC showed mixed results in terms of positivity/negativity throughout different studies. It seems that, although p21 Waf 1/CIP1 expression is controlled in a p53-dependent manner, coexpression of both in OSCC is not intrinsically related. Although the presence of HPV viral oncoproteins increases p21 Waf 1/CIP1 levels, the small number of studies, have forced us to disregard the hypothesis that HPV infected lesions that present better prognosis are due to a p21 Waf 1/CIP1 -dependent control. The role of p21 WA F1/C I P1 as cell-cycle regulator has been well described; however, its relationship to OSCC, the clinical and pathological variables of tumors, HPV and different treatments are not entirely clear. Thus, it would be very interesting to pursue further study of this protein, which may have a significant value for the diagnosis, prog nosis and therapy of this type of tumors

A new morphologic classification of the alveolar ridge after distraction osteogenesis in human patients. A 17 years retrospective case series study

To perform a morphologic classification based on the results of bone augmentation after a distraction osteogenesis. Thirty-four (34) patients (24 women and 10 men; mean age, 47.1 years (SD=9.5); age range, 23 to 62 years) underwent a total of 42 alveolar ridge distractions before the placement of a total of 89 dental implants. Ridge bone morphology was evaluated as the main ordinal variable. Chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA one-way test were used. Category I (30.95%): consisted of wide alveolar rim and no bone defects Category II (28.57%): wide alveolar rim, lateral bone surface concavity. Category III (23.81%): narrow alveolar rim, lateral bone surface concavity. Category IV (2.38 %): distraction transport segment forming a bridge, without bone formed beneath and requiring guided bone regeneration. Category V (9.52%): return of the transport segment to its initial position due to the reverse rotation of the distractor screw. Category VI (4.76 %): distraction transport segment completely lost. Subcategory D (28.57%), consisted of lingual deviation of the distraction axis, occurring in any of the categories I to IV. More men (76.9 %) presented with category I (p<0.001). The use of the chisel resulted mainly in categories I and II (69.4 %) (p<0.001). GBR was only required in 23.1 % of the cases in Category I (p=0.011). The bone height achieved decreases as the category increases, due to the accompanying osteogenic limitations (p<0.001). The implants placed in category I were longer 11.5 ± 0.9 mm (CI95% 10.9-11.9 mm) compared to those placed in category III with a length of 10.4 ± 1.5 mm (CI95% 9.5-11.4 mm) (p=0.035). The alveolar ridge after distraction osteogenesis could be divided into six morphologic categories which provide a useful basis for decision-making regarding implant placement

Therapeutic alternatives in the management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. Systematic review

to systematically review the literature, comparing the healing of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) among the therapeutic alternatives: surgical, pharmacological and combined. The review was organized according to the PRISMA protocol with regards to the following PICO question: patients with ORN of the jaws (P=Patient); all interventions reported (I = intervention); between all therapies (C=Comparison); healing of lesions (O=outcome). Surgical treatment was the most common choice (46.3%) followed by pharmacological treatment, exclusively (25.9%) or combined (26.9%). Treatment exclusively by surgical intervention seems to be most effective option, with 51.2% of the lesions healed, OR for healing of 5.7 (CI95% 1.9-16.9, p=0.002). Only 1 case (0.9%) corresponded to low level laser therapy. It seems clear that early intervention with conservative surgical combined with pharmacological methods improves the prognosis of ORN

Lichenoid areas may arise in early stages of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a long-term study of 34 patients

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is considered an uncommon oral potentially malignant disorder with a high malignant transformation rate. The objective of this paper was to define its cancer incidence and related risk factors.: Method: A retrospective audit of 34 patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia from a university-based unit, during the period from 1995 to 2019 was performed. The mean number of visits was 23 ± 18.6. The follow-up was divided into four-time intervals to evaluate the clinical presentation, number of lesions, dysplasia grade, and malignant transformation rate. Results: The majority of patients were females 29 (85.3%), with verrucous component (77.8%), with a gingival presentation (31.8%), and with a preceding lichenoid area (44.1%). Eleven patients (32.4%) were affected by oral cancer during the follow-up, developing a total of 15 carcinomas. The mean age of malignant transformation was 67.2 ± 12.9 years, particularly 8 ± 8.5 from the onset of the lesions. Warty forms presented a higher mean estimate for malignant transformation (15.2 years, 95% confidence interval 4.4–26 years) than nodular forms (1.9 years, 95% confidence interval 1.9–1.9) (p = 0.019). Patients with an initial proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnosis suffered a higher risk of malignancy, particularly 15.55 times (95% confidence interval 1.69–143.17; p = 0.015) than those who did present a preceding area with lichenoid morphology. Conclusion: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia presented a high malignant transformation rate and sometimes displayed preceding oral lichenoid areas in early stages. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of these lichenoid areas in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia progressionS

Counselling toward reducing alcohol use, knowledge about its morbidity and personal consumption among students of medical and dental courses in north-western Spain

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is directly linked to high-risk consumption. Healthcare students have a crucial role to play in its prevention and management. The aim of this study is to analyse alcohol consumption, as well as to consider the knowledge and attitudes regarding morbidity, and the stage of change when providing assistance to quit AUD. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Dentistry and Medical students using specific and validated questionnaires in an anonymous and voluntary way. Initially, 925 students were invited to participate, of them 500 were reached. Among them 85.9% suffered from AUD of whom 75% were women (p<0.001), and it was considered that the female gender constituted an independent risk factor (OR=2.63, CI 95% 1.55-4.45, p<0.001). The majority of the participants did not achieve the pass mark, nonetheless, the results showed improved levels of knowledge among participants in the latter years of their studies (p<0.001). Dental students demonstrated greater shortcomings in terms of their knowledge of general pathology, whereas the medical students? knowledge of oral pathologies proved worse (p<0.001). Most of students believed that identifying cases of AUD-affected patients falls within their competence, nonetheless, they believed that they do not have the necessary competencies. Among participants 58.2% were in a stage of change regarding AUD attitudes. The majority of respondents presented AUD. In general, the participants? knowledge about alcohol was low. Reviewing the syllabuses and evaluating the implementation of gender-differentiated training programmes in both degrees would be considered necessary