632 research outputs found
Identification of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bolivia Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and a Restriction Endonuclease
Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara GalvĂŁo & Damasceno (Diptera: Culicidae) is a member of the Albitarsis cryptic species complex and is a primary vector of human Plasmodium in parts of Brazil. We report the first record of An. marajoara in the department of Cochabamba and confirm its presence in the department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. We also describe a PCR protocol producing a single amplicon (â340 bp) of a section of the internal transcribed spacer 2 specific for members of the Albitarsis species complex; the polymerase chain reaction protocol did not amplify the DNA of 17 other species in the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Digestion of the amplicon with the restriction endonuclease BfaI produces two fragments specific to An. marajoara in Bolivia
Sequence Analysis of the rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 and Polymerase Chain Reaction Identification of Anopheles fluminensis (Diptera: Culicidae: Anopheles) in Bolivia
Anopheles fluminensis Root is a member of the Arribalzagia Series in the subgenus Anopheles. We report the first record of this species in the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia. This species was sampled from two locations in the foothills of the eastern Andes Mountains within the Chapare Valley. Larvae were collected in fast-flowing, shaded streams at the edges of rocky pools. We provide the first sequence data for the rDNA of An. fluminensis, a partial sequence of the 5.8S and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). The ITS2 of An. fluminensis, sequenced from two individuals at one site, was at least 596 bp, had 56.5% GC, and included three large repeats (â125 bp each). We describe a polymerase chain reaction protocol and species-specific primers for identifying this species in the Chapare Valley, Bolivia
The Protection of Instream Flows in Montana: A Legal-Institutional Perspective
42 pages.
Contains references
The Protection of Instream Flows in Montana: A Legal-Institutional Perspective
42 pages.
Contains references
Correlations between the proton temperature anisotropy and transverse high-frequency waves in the solar wind
Correlations are studied between the power density of transverse waves having
frequencies between and normalized to the proton gyrofrequency in
the plasma frame and the ratio of the perpendicular and parallel temperature of
the protons. The wave power spectrum is evaluated from high-resolution 3D
magnetic field vector components, and the ion temperatures are derived from the
velocity distribution functions as measured in fast solar wind during the
Helios-2 primary mission at radial distances from the Sun between 0.3~AU and
0.9~AU. From our statistical analysis, we obtain a striking correlation between
the increases in the proton temperature ratio and enhancements in the wave
power spectrum. Near the Sun the transverse part of the wave power is often
found to be by more than an order of magnitude higher than its longitudinal
counterpart. Also the measured ion temperature anisotropy appears to be limited
by the theoretical threshold value for the ion-cyclotron instability. This
suggests that high-frequency Alfv\'{e}n-cyclotron waves regulate the proton
temperature anisotropy.Comment: Some references have been adde
Structural and dynamical modeling of WINGS clusters. I. The distribution of cluster galaxies of different morphological classes within regular and irregular clusters
[Abridged] We use the WINGS database to select a sample of 67 nearby galaxy
clusters with at least 30 spectroscopic members each. 53 of these clusters do
not show evidence of substructures in phase-space, while 14 do. We estimate the
virial radii and circular velocities of the 67 clusters by a variety of proxies
(velocity dispersion, X-ray temperature, and richness) and use these estimates
to build stack samples from these 53 and 14 clusters ('Reg' and 'Irr' stacks,
respectively). We determine the number-density and velocity-dispersion profiles
(VDPs) of E, S0, and Sp+Irr (S) galaxies in the Reg and Irr samples,
separately, and fit models to these profiles. The number density profiles of E,
S0, and S galaxies are adequately described by either a NFW or a cored King
model, both for the Reg and Irr samples, with a slight preference for the NFW
model. The spatial distribution concentration increases from the S to the S0
and to the E populations, both in the Reg and the Irr stacks, reflecting the
well-known morphology-radius relation. Reg clusters have a more concentrated
spatial distribution of E and S0 galaxies than Irr clusters, while the spatial
distributions of S galaxies in Reg and Irr clusters are similar. We propose a
new phenomenological model that provides acceptable fits to the VDP of all our
galaxy samples. The VDPs become steeper and with a higher normalization from E
to S0 to S galaxies. The S0 VDP is close to that of E galaxies in Reg clusters,
and intermediate between those of E and S galaxies in Irr clusters. Our results
suggest that S galaxies are a recently accreted cluster population, that take
less than 3 Gyr to evolve into S0 galaxies after accretion, and in doing so
modify their phase-space distribution, approaching that of cluster ellipticals.
While in Reg clusters this evolutionary process is mostly completed, it is
still ongoing in Irr clusters.Comment: A&A, in press - 11 pages, 9 figures, 4 table
A Unified Account of the Moral Standing to Blame
Recently, philosophers have turned their attention to the question, not when a given agent is blameworthy for what she does, but when a further agent has the moral standing to blame her for what she does. Philosophers have proposed at least four conditions on having âmoral standingâ:
1. Oneâs blame would not be âhypocriticalâ.
2. One is not oneself âinvolved inâ the target agentâs wrongdoing.
3. One must be warranted in believing that the target is indeed blameworthy for the wrongdoing.
4. The targetâs wrongdoing must some of âoneâs businessâ.
These conditions are often proposed as both conditions on one and the same thing, and as marking fundamentally different ways of âlosing standing.â Here I call these claims into question. First, I claim that conditions (3) and (4) are simply conditions on different things than are conditions (1) and (2). Second, I argue that condition (2) reduces to condition (1): when âinvolvementâ removes someoneâs standing to blame, it does so only by indicating something further about that agent, viz., that he or she lacks commitment to the values that condemn the wrongdoerâs action. The result: after we clarify the nature of the non-hypocrisy condition, we will have a unified account of moral standing to blame. Issues also discussed: whether standing can ever be regained, the relationship between standing and our "moral fragility", the difference between mere inconsistency and hypocrisy, and whether a condition of standing might be derived from deeper facts about the "equality of persons"
Instances and connectors : issues for a second generation process language
This work is supported by UK EPSRC grants GR/L34433 and GR/L32699Over the past decade a variety of process languages have been defined, used and evaluated. It is now possible to consider second generation languages based on this experience. Rather than develop a second generation wish list this position paper explores two issues: instances and connectors. Instances relate to the relationship between a process model as a description and the, possibly multiple, enacting instances which are created from it. Connectors refers to the issue of concurrency control and achieving a higher level of abstraction in how parts of a model interact. We believe that these issues are key to developing systems which can effectively support business processes, and that they have not received sufficient attention within the process modelling community. Through exploring these issues we also illustrate our approach to designing a second generation process language.Postprin
Addressing the need for improved land cover map products for policy support
The continued increase of anthropogenic pressure on the Earthâs ecosystems is degrading the natural environment and then decreasing the services it provides to humans. The type, quantity, and quality of many of those services are directly connected to land cover, yet competing demands for land continue to drive rapid land cover change, affecting ecosystem services. Accurate and updated land cover information is thus more important than ever, however, despite its importance, the needs of many users remain only partially attended. A key underlying reason for this is that user needs vary widely, since most current products â and there are many available â are produced for a specific type of end user, for example the climate modelling community. With this in mind we focus on the need for flexible, automated processing approaches that support on-demand, customized land cover products at various scales. Although land cover processing systems are gradually evolving in this direction there is much more to do and several important challenges must be addressed, including high quality reference data for training and validation and even better access to satellite data. Here, we 1) present a generic system architecture that we suggest land cover production systems evolve towards, 2) discuss the challenges involved, and 3) propose a step forward. Flexible systems that can generate on-demand products that match usersâ specific needs would fundamentally change the relationship between users and land cover products â requiring more government support to make these systems a reality
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