59 research outputs found

    Tyrosine-based rivastigmine-loaded organogels in the treatmant of Alzheimer's disease

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    FacultĂ© de PharmacieOrganogels can be prepared by immobilizing an organic phase into a threedimensional network coming from the self-assembly of a low molecular weight gelator molecule. In this work, an injectable subcutaneous organogel system based on safflower oil and a modified-tyrosine organogelator was evaluated in vivo for the delivery of rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Different implant formulations were injected and the plasmatic drug concentration was assayed for up to 35 days. In parallel, the inhibition of AChE in different brain sections and the biocompatibility of the implants were monitored. The pharmacokinetic profiles were found to be influenced by the gel composition, injected dose and volume of the implant. The sustained delivery of rivastigmine was accompanied by a significant prolonged inhibition of AChE in the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in memory. The implant induced only a minimal to mild chronic inflammation and fibrosis, which was comparable to poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) in situ-forming implants. These findings suggest that tyrosine-based organogels could represent an alternative approach to current formulations for the sustained delivery of cholinesterase inhibitors.IRS

    Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

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    Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

    Efficient Dispersion of Organic Fluorophores by Size Matching with a Difunctionalized Spacer Interleaved into Layered Double Hydroxide

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    International audienceStrongly luminescent when diluted in aqueous solution, Sulforhodamine B (SRB) is an organic dye suffering from aggregation-caused quenching in its solid state. Its cointercalation in very small quantities (0.12 mol %) in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) matrix with phenylenedipropionate (PPA) anions, a difunctionalized spacer matching its size, is found to be highly effective, with more than 99% of the SRB molecules taken up. The resulting hybrid material enables luminescence, with an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQYabs) reaching 39% under UV excitation and even reaching 60% at its maximum. The dispersion of the LDH dye powder in silicone results in homogeneous composite films with loading as high as 40 wt % useable as a masterbatch. The optical properties are found to remain after thermal treatment up to 120 °C, with a decrease in PLQYabs of only 5%, making it a good candidate for the development of rare-earth-free phosphors

    Algorithmique et programmation au cycle 4: Commentaires et recommandations du groupe Informatique de la CII Lycée

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    L'algorithmique, qui est prĂ©sente dans les programmes du lycĂ©e depuis 2009, a fait son apparition Ă  la rentrĂ©e 2016 dans ceux du collĂšge. InĂ©vitablement, les programmes de lycĂ©e et de lycĂ©e professionnel vont devoir ĂȘtre adaptĂ©s.De nombreux IREM ont commencĂ© Ă  animer des formations Ă  l’algorithmique et Ă  produire et diffuser des documents afin d’accompagner au mieux les collĂšgues lors de ces changements de pratiques. Ce document est conçu comme un accompagnement pour les enseignants dans le cadre de l'Ă©volution des programmes et comme un support pour des formations acadĂ©miques. Il est donc destinĂ© Ă  ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans les IREM et dans le cadre de la formation initiale et continue des enseignants. À ce titre, il aborde les diverses notions informatiques au programme du cycle 4, il contient des notes scientifiques et pĂ©dagogiques pour les enseignants ainsi que des propositions d'activitĂ©s branchĂ©es ou dĂ©branchĂ©es. En outre, il contient des analyses et remarques portant sur des traces Ă©crites Ă  destination des Ă©lĂšves et sur des exercices

    Guide pour la qualification des données hautes fréquences cÎtiÚres acquises dans le cadre de l'IR-ILICO et du SNO-COAST-HF.

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    French national observation "services" (SNO) are scientific research networks dedicated to the observation, collection and use of data. 9 of them are dedicated to the coastal ocean and are coordinated by the Coastal Research Infrastructure (IR-Ilico). Among them, there is the COAST-HF network (Coastal OceAn observing SysTem – High Frequency) which aims to bring together and coordinate a set of fixed high-frequency hydrological measurement platforms. The data acquired is used to monitor the evolution of coastal environments in the long term and detect the impact of extreme events (e.g. floods, storms, droughts, ecological crises). This data must be of optimal quality which must be controlled, evaluated and formalized.To contribute to this, 3 months of work was carried out from October to December 2022 (CDD) with the financial support of IR-ILICO. It aimed to implement the quality control tool Scoop 3 (System Of Control Oriented Oceanographic Parameters, Ifremer) in “routine” mode and apply it to standard SNO (Coast-HF-Iroise) datasets in order to test it and make it accessible to the entire network. Accessibility is ensured by this report which documents “step by step” the main stages of the validation process. This work aims to contribute to the definition and formalization of the network’s “Best Practices”.As a reminder, the data is collected by multi-parameter probes, and is sent and disseminated on various websites, including the coastal Coriolis portal. They are then checked and corrected if necessary, by expert validators, using other datasets available at the same measuring stations. This inter-comparison is essentially made with Somlit data (SNO-Service d’Observation en Milieu LITtoral), collected at low frequency, manually and analyzed in the laboratory.Specifically, three objectives were set (Fig. 1):(i) explore, test and document all websites with standard data (Iroise) in order to facilitate their use(ii) take charge of the SCOOP qualification tool and test it by qualifying the standard data (Iroise),(iii) correct the standard data (Iroise) using secondary data sets (Somlit, MĂ©tĂ©o France, etc.) and result in the establishment of the best available data for DOIsation.Les services nationaux d’observations (SNO) sont des rĂ©seaux de recherche scientifiques dĂ©diĂ©s Ă  l’observation, la collecte et la valorisation de donnĂ©es. 9 d’entre eux sont dĂ©diĂ©s Ă  l’ocĂ©an cĂŽtiers et sont coordonnĂ©s par l’Infrastructure de Recherche Littorale et CĂŽtiĂšre (IR-Ilico). Parmi eux, existe le rĂ©seau COAST-HF (Coastal OceAn observing SysTem – High Frequency) qui vise Ă  fĂ©dĂ©rer et coordonner un ensemble de plateformes fixes de mesures hydrologiques hautes frĂ©quences. Les donnĂ©es acquises sont utilisĂ©es pour suivre l’évolution des environnements littoraux Ă  long terme et dĂ©tecter l’impact des Ă©vĂšnement extrĂȘmes (e.g. crues, tempêtes, sécheresses, crises écologiques). Ces donnĂ©es se doivent de prĂ©senter une qualitĂ© optimale qu’il convient de maĂźtriser, d’évaluer et de formaliser. Pour y contribuer, un travail de 3 mois a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© d’octobre Ă  dĂ©cembre 2022 (CDD) avec le soutien financier de l’IR-ILICO. Il visait Ă  mettre en place l’outil de contrĂŽle qualitĂ© Scoop 3 (SystĂšme Of Control Oriented Oceanographic Parameters, Ifremer) en mode « routine » et Ă  l’appliquer sur des jeux de donnĂ©es-types du SNO (Coast-HF-Iroise) afin de l’éprouver et de le rendre accessible pour l’ensemble du rĂ©seau. L’accessibilitĂ© est assurĂ©e par le prĂ©sent compte-rendu qui documente « pas Ă  pas » les principales Ă©tapes du processus de validation. Ce travail a vocation Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition et la formalisation des « Bonnes pratiques » du rĂ©seau.Pour rappel, les donnĂ©es sont recueillies par des sondes multi paramĂštres, et sont envoyĂ©es et diffusĂ©es sur diffĂ©rents sites web, dont le portail Coriolis cĂŽtier. Elles sont ensuite vĂ©rifiĂ©es et corrigĂ©es si nĂ©cessaire, par des experts-valideurs, au moyen d’autres jeux de donnĂ©es disponibles sur les mĂȘmes stations de mesure. Cette inter comparaison est faite essentiellement avec les donnĂ©es Somlit (SNO-Service d’Observation en Milieu LITtoral), collectĂ©es Ă  basse frĂ©quence, de façon manuelle et analysĂ©es en laboratoire.De façon prĂ©cise, trois objectifs ont Ă©tĂ© fixĂ©s (Fig. 1) : (i)explorer, tester et documenter l’ensemble des sites web disposant des donnĂ©es-type ( Iroise) afin d’en faciliter l’exploitation par un public large, (ii)prendre en main l’outil de qualification SCOOP et l’éprouver en opĂ©rant la qualification des donnĂ©es-type (Iroise), (iii)corriger les donnĂ©es-type (Iroise) grĂące aux jeux de donnĂ©es secondaires (Somlit, MĂ©tĂ©o France, etc.) et aboutir par la mise en base des donnĂ©es ajustĂ©es en vue de la DOIsation

    Algorithmique et programmation au cycle 4: Commentaires et recommandations du groupe Informatique de la CII Lycée

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    L'algorithmique, qui est prĂ©sente dans les programmes du lycĂ©e depuis 2009, a fait son apparition Ă  la rentrĂ©e 2016 dans ceux du collĂšge. InĂ©vitablement, les programmes de lycĂ©e et de lycĂ©e professionnel vont devoir ĂȘtre adaptĂ©s.De nombreux IREM ont commencĂ© Ă  animer des formations Ă  l’algorithmique et Ă  produire et diffuser des documents afin d’accompagner au mieux les collĂšgues lors de ces changements de pratiques. Ce document est conçu comme un accompagnement pour les enseignants dans le cadre de l'Ă©volution des programmes et comme un support pour des formations acadĂ©miques. Il est donc destinĂ© Ă  ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans les IREM et dans le cadre de la formation initiale et continue des enseignants. À ce titre, il aborde les diverses notions informatiques au programme du cycle 4, il contient des notes scientifiques et pĂ©dagogiques pour les enseignants ainsi que des propositions d'activitĂ©s branchĂ©es ou dĂ©branchĂ©es. En outre, il contient des analyses et remarques portant sur des traces Ă©crites Ă  destination des Ă©lĂšves et sur des exercices

    Fast and efficient shear-force assisted production of covalently functionalized oxide nanosheets

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    International audienceHypothesisWhile controlled and efficient exfoliation of layered oxides often remains a time consuming challenge, the surface modification of inorganic nanosheets is of outmost importance for future applications. The functionalization of the bulk material prior to exfoliation should allow the application of tools developped for Van der Waals materials to directly produce functionalized oxide nanosheets.ExperimentsThe Aurivillius phase Bi2SrTa2O9 is functionalized by a linear aliphatic phosphonic acid via microwave-assisted reactions. The structure of the hybrid material and the coordination of the phosphonate group is scrutinized, notably by Pair Distribution Function. This functionalized layered oxide is then exfoliated in one hour in organic solvent, using high shear force dispersion. The obtained nanosheets are characterized in suspension and as deposits to ensure their chemical integrity.FindingsThe covalent functionalization decreases the electrostatic cohesion between the inorganic layers leading to an efficient exfoliation in short time under shearing. The functionalization of the bulk material is preserved on the nanosheets upon exfoliation and plays a major role to enable liquid-phase exfoliation and in the stability of the resulting suspensions. This strategy is very promising for the straighforward preparation of functionalized nanosheets, paving the way for versatile design of new (multi)functional hybrid nanosheets for various potential applications
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