DESAFIOS E AVANÇOS NO COMBATE AO PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO: ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO

Introduction: The association between HPV and cervical cancer began in 1949 with the Pap smear. HPV is prevalent, causing precancerous lesions in the cervix. About 600 million people globally are infected, affecting 75-80% of women. Cervical cancer ranks third in Brazil, with 15.38 cases per 100,000 women in 2021, resulting in 4.51 deaths per 100,000 women, mainly between ages 25-64. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate prevention and treatment strategies for HPV-induced cervical carcinoma. Methodology: In this integrative literature review, studies were sought in PubMed and MedLine databases using the descriptors "Human papillomavirus" AND "Cervix Uteri" AND "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms," resulting in 1,584 articles published from 2010 to 2024. After analysis, 20 articles were selected. Results and Discussion: HPV infection can progress from low-grade to high-grade lesions and eventually to cervical cancer. Viral genotype, viral load, and host immunity influence its evolution, especially in HIV patients. Other risk factors include risky sexual behavior, smoking, and absence of cytological screening. Vaccination and condom use are essential preventive measures. Treatment aims to remove visible warts and precursor lesions, including cryotherapy, topical therapy, and surgery. Since 2014, SUS offers free treatment to reduce cervical cancer incidence and associated costs. Conclusion: HPV's complexity demands comprehensive approaches: vaccination, screening, treatment access, and education are crucial. Continuous research is essential to address emerging challenges and reduce its global health threat.Introdução: A associação entre HPV e câncer cervical começou em 1949, com o exame Papanicolau. O HPV é prevalente, causando lesões pré-malignas no colo uterino. Cerca de 600 milhões de pessoas estão infectadas globalmente, afetando 75-80% das mulheres. O câncer cervical é o terceiro mais comum no Brasil, com 15,38 casos por 100 mil mulheres em 2021, resultando em 4,51 óbitos por 100 mil mulheres, principalmente entre 25-64 anos. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo esclarecer estratégias de prevenção e tratamento do carcinoma de colo uterino causado pelo Papilomavírus humano. Metodologia: Nesta revisão integrativa de literatura buscou-se estudos nos bancos de dados PubMed e MedLine, utilizando os descritores “Human papillomavirus” AND AND “Cervix Uteri” AND “Uterine Cervical Neoplasms”, que resultou em 1.584 artigos publicados de 2010 a 2024. Após análise, foram selecionados 20 desses artigos. Resultados e Discussão: A infecção pelo HPV pode progredir de lesões de baixo grau para alto grau e, eventualmente, para câncer cervical. Fatores como genótipo viral, carga viral e imunidade do hospedeiro influenciam sua evolução, especialmente em pacientes com HIV. Outros fatores de risco incluem comportamento sexual de risco, tabagismo e ausência de rastreio citopatológico. A vacinação e o uso de preservativos são medidas preventivas essenciais. O tratamento visa remover verrugas visíveis e lesões precursoras, podendo incluir crioterapia, terapia tópica e cirúrgica. O SUS oferece tratamento gratuito desde 2014, visando reduzir a incidência e os custos associados ao câncer cervical. Conclusão: A complexidade do HPV exige abordagens amplas: vacinação, rastreamento, acesso a tratamentos e educação são cruciais. Pesquisa contínua é essencial para enfrentar desafios emergentes e reduzir sua ameaça à saúde global

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Co-infection of Peruvian horse sickness virus and West Nile virus associated with neurological diseases in horses from Brazil

The Secretariat of Health of Venécia Municipality , Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state , Evandro Chagas Institute and Ministry of Health of Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Secretariat of Health of Venécia Municipality. Venécia, ES, Brazil.Canterbury Health Laboratories. Microbiology Department. New Zealand.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Secretariate. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.In 2018, during the surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) in horses with neurological clinical signs in the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil), 19 animals were investigated, and 52 biological samples were collected for WNV diagnostic. One brain sample was positive for WNV by RT-qPCR and the virus was isolated in C6/36 cell culture and sequenced. We obtained a nearly complete genome of WNV co-infected with Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) in the cell culture. After confirmation of PHSV by next-generation sequencing, a new PHSV RT-qPCR protocol was developed, which was used to detect another horse positive only for PHSV. This assay provides a simple and direct method for easy identification of PHSV from biological samples from horses and may become a useful tool in the epidemiological surveillance of this virus. It is the first case of PHSV in Brazil, and only the third country overall to report, 23 years after the first confirmed notification in Peru. Moreover, it is the first reported co-infection of PHSV and WNV in a horse with neurological signs, confirmed by RT-qPCR

Trabalho e síndrome da estafa profissional (Síndrome de Burnout) em médicos intensivistas de Salvador Professional Burnout Syndrome among intensive care physicians in Salvador, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em médicos intensivistas de Salvador, associando-a a dados demográficos e aspectos da situação de trabalho (demanda) psicológica e controle sobre o trabalho. MÉTODOS: Um estudo de corte transversal investigou a associação entre aspectos psicossocias do trabalho e a síndrome da estafa profissional em uma população de 297 médicos intensivistas de Salvador, Bahia. Um questionário individual autoaplicável avaliou aspectos psicossociais do trabalho, utilizando o modelo demanda-controle (Job Content Questionnaire) e a saúde mental dos médicos, usando Inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). RESULTADOS: Constatou-se elevada sobrecarga de trabalho e de trabalho em regime de plantão. A prevalência da Síndrome da Estafa Profissional (Burnout) foi de 7,4% e estava mais fortemente associada com aspectos da demanda psicológica do trabalho do que com o controle deste por parte dos médicos intensivistas. CONCLUSÃO: Médicos com trabalho de alta exigência (alta demanda e baixo controle) apresentaram 10,2 vezes mais burnout que aqueles com trabalho de baixa exigência (baixa demanda e alto controle).<br>OBJECTIVE: Describe prevalence of the Burnout syndrome in intensive care physicians of Salvador, associated to demographic data and aspects of the work environment (psychological demand and job control). METHODS: This cross sectional study has investigated the association between work conditions and Burnout Syndrome in a population of 297 Intensive Care Physicians from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. An individual, self-report questionnaire evaluated the physicians' psychological aspects of work, using the demand-control model (Job Content Questionnaire) and their mental health, using the Maslash Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS: The study found work overload,a high proportion of on duty physicians and low income for the hours worked. Prevalence of the Burnout Syndrome was 7.4% and it was more closely associated with aspects of the job's psychological demand than with its control. CONCLUSION: Physicians under great stress (high demand and low control) presented prevalence of the Bornout Syndrome 10.2 times higher than those under low stress (low demand and high control) jobs

Médicos plantonistas de unidade de terapia intensiva: perfil sócio-demográfico, condições de trabalho e fatores associados à síndrome de burnout

OBJETIVOS: A síndrome de Burnout é uma reação de estresse excessivo relacionada ao trabalho que se apresenta em três dimensões: exaustão emocional, despersonalização e ineficácia. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil de médicos plantonistas de unidades de terapia intensiva e avaliar os fatores associados à presença de síndrome de Burnout nessa população. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, avaliando os médicos que trabalham em unidades de terapia intensiva adulto de Salvador-BA com carga mínima de 12 horas de plantão semanal. Foi distribuído um questionário auto-aplicável dividido em duas partes: a primeira referente a características sóciodemográficas e a segunda composta da avaliação da síndrome de Burnout através do Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 297 plantonistas, sendo 70% homens. A média de idade e de tempo de formado foi de 34,2 e 9 anos, respectivamente. Níveis elevados de exaustão emocional, despersonalização e ineficácia foram encontrados em 47,5%, 24,6% e 28,3%, respectivamente. A prevalência da síndrome de Burnout, considerada como nível elevado em pelo menos uma dimensão, foi de 63,3%. Esta prevalência foi significativamente menor nos médicos que possuíam título de especialista em medicina intensiva, com mais de nove anos de formado e que ainda pretendem trabalhar por mais de 10 anos em unidades de terapia intensiva. A prevalência foi maior nos médicos com mais de 24 horas de plantão ininterrupto em terapia intensiva por semana. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de síndrome de Burnout foi elevada entre os médicos avaliados, sendo mais freqüente nos plantonistas mais jovens, com elevada carga de trabalho e sem especialização em medicina intensiva