Effect of Extruder Die Temperature on Texture and Microstructure of Restructured Mechanically Deboned Chicken and Corn Starch

Proximate composition, textural properties and microstructural changes of mechanically deboned chicken/15% corn starch extrudates were evaluated when restructured at die temperatures of 25, 71, 82, 93 , 104 and ll5°C in a twin-screw extruder. Total sol ids and fat content decreased, whereas protein content increased die temperatures were increased. When die temperature was increased from 71°C to 104°C, apparent stress at failure of extrudates increased by 44 kPa , but decreased at a die temperature of 115°C. Changes in the protein matrix, fat globules and starch granules due to changes i n extruder die temperature were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Extrudates prepared at die temperatures of 71°C and 82°C exhibited microstructures similar to those observed for salt-soluble muscle protein gels. Extrudates prepared at die temperatures above 93°C exhibited microstructures more typical of gelatinized starch

O processo de internacionalização de uma empresa brasileira em parceria com uma empresa portuguesa: algumas evidências

Cada vez mais com o mercado globalizado e a sua aproximação e contato direto através da tecnologia disponibilizada mundialmente, as empresas buscam a internacionalização como forma de estratégia para um melhor direcionamento de seus negócios e, por vezes, como uma alternativa a mercados bastante concorrentes entre si e muitas das vezes já saturados. A internacionalização surge como uma ótima opção para se obter vantagem competitiva e maiores lucros, onde buscam moedas mais valorizadas e as facilidades que podem gerar as proximidades culturais e psíquicas entre países além das fronteiras. As estratégias adotadas para a internacionalização, podem variar de acordo com a empresa em questão, o tipo de atividade exercida, os recursos que a empresa dispõe e país para o qual se pretende internacionalizar. A proximidade cultural e psíquica, são de suma importância como também as relações comerciais entre novos países a serem explorados. Este projeto de investigação tem o objetivo analisar e descrever como foi desenvolvido um processo de internacionalização específico de uma empresa brasileira, do ramo de bebidas espirituosas, para o mercado europeu. O estudo de caso foi a metodologia escolhida, por ser o método de pesquisa qualitativa mais adequado à proposta de investigação, no intuito de perceber como e porque o processo de internacionalização foi realizado. Como resultados deste projeto, constatou-se o alinhamento entre as teorias de internacionalização discutidas com as estratégias e objetivos perseguidos pelas empresas envolvidas, para o planeamento e execução do processo inicial de internacionalização. Verificou-se ainda que as parcerias são importantes para o sucesso de entrada em mercados internacionais.Increasingly with the globalized market and its approach and direct contact through technology available worldwide, companies seek internationalization as a strategy for better targeting their business and, sometimes, as an alternative to highly competitive markets. and often already saturated. Internationalization emerges as a great option to obtain competitive advantage and greater profits, where they seek more valued currencies and the facilities that can generate cultural and psychic closeness between countries beyond borders. The strategies adopted for internationalization may vary according to the company in question, the type of activity carried out, the resources the company has and the country to which it is intended to internationalize. The cultural and psychic proximity are of paramount importance as well as the commercial relations between new countries to be explored. This research project aims to analyze and describe how a specific internationalization process of a Brazilian company, in the spirits sector, was developed for the European market. The case study was the chosen methodology, as it is the most appropriate qualitative research method for the research proposal, in order to understand how and why the internationalization process was carried out. As a result of this project, there was an alignment between the internationalization theories discussed with the strategies and objectives pursued by the companies involved, for the planning and execution of the initial internationalization process. It was also found that partnerships are important for the successful entry into international markets

Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components

Recycling of lithium-ion batteries will become imperative in the future, but comprehensive and sustainable processes for this are still rather lacking. Direct recycling comprising separation of the black mass components as a key step is regarded as the most seminal approach. This paper contributes a novel approach for such separation, that is fractionation in a tubular centrifuge. An aqueous dispersion of cathode materials (lithium iron phosphate, also referred to as LFP, and carbon black) serves as exemplary feed to be fractionated, desirably resulting in a sediment of pure LFP. This paper provides a detailed study of the commonly time-dependent output of the tubular centrifuge and introduces an approach aiming to achieve constant output. Therefore, three different settings are assessed, constantly low, constantly high and an increase in rotational speed over time. Constant settings result in the predictable unsatisfactory time-variant output, whereas rotational speed increase proves to be able to maintain constant centrate properties. With further process development, the concept of fractionation in tubular centrifuges may mature into a promising separation technique for black mass in a direct recycling process chain

Think Beyond the Core : Impact of the Hydrophilic Corona on Drug Solubilization Using Polymer Micelles

Polymeric micelles are typically characterized as core-shell structures. The hydrophobic core is considered as a depot for hydrophobic molecules, and the corona-forming block acts as a stabilizing and solubilizing interface between the core and aqueous milieu. Tremendous efforts have been made to tune the hydrophobic block to increase the drug loading and stability of micelles, whereas the role of hydrophilic blocks is rarely investigated in this context, with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) being the gold standard of hydrophilic polymers. To better understand the role of the hydrophilic corona, a small library of structurally similar A-B-A-type amphiphiles based on poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s is investigated by varying the hydrophilic block A utilizing poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (pMeOx; A) or poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (pEtOx; A*). In terms of hydrophilicity, both polymers closely resemble PEG. The more hydrophobic block B bears either a poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-oxazine) backbone with C3 (propyl) and C4 (butyl) side chains. Surprisingly, major differences in loading capacities from A-B-A > A*-B-A > A*-B-A* is observed for the formulation with two poorly water-soluble compounds, curcumin and paclitaxel, highlighting the importance of the hydrophilic corona of polymer micelles used for drug formulation. The formulations are also characterized by various nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods, dynamic light scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and (micro) differential scanning calorimetry. Our findings suggest that the interaction between the hydrophilic block and the guest molecule should be considered an important, but previously largely ignored, factor for the rational design of polymeric micelles.Peer reviewe

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tentativa de suicídio: revisão integrativa

Objective: to analyze the profile of individuals who attempt suicide, through the analysis of studies published in scientific databases. Methodology: this is an integrative review. A total of 31 articles were selected in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. Studies published in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases were analyzed. Results: predominance of females was evidenced. The data presented dispersion according to the age group, which varied from 12 to 64 years old, and the older adults and the adolescents were vulnerable populations. Women used fewer lethal means, such as exogenous intoxication, while men preferred lethal means such as hanging and firearms. The act took place predominantly in the individuals’ home. Depression and other psychiatric disorders are predictors, as well as unemployment and marital, financial or personal problems, variables that were also factors related to recurrence; whereas having a stable relationship can be a protective factor. Conclusion: recognition of the epidemiological profile of people who attempt suicide can contribute for health managers to work with the specificities found, through preventive strategies in health and psychosocial care institutions.Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tentativa de suicídio, por meio de estudos publicados nas bases de dados científicas. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Foram selecionados 31 artigos em inglês, português e espanhol. Realizou-se análise de estudos publicados nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Public Medical. Resultados: observou-se predomínio do sexo feminino. Os dados se apresentaram dispersos quanto à faixa etária, que variou entre 12 e 64 anos, os idosos e adolescentes foram populações vulneráveis. Mulheres utilizaram meios menos letais, como intoxicação exógena, enquanto homens preferiram meios letais, como enforcamento e armas de fogo. O ato foi cometido no domicílio predominantemente. A depressão e outros transtornos psiquiátricos foram preditores, assim como o desemprego, problemas conjugais, financeiros ou pessoais, variáveis essas que são também fatores relacionados à reincidência. Ao passo que ter relacionamento estável pode ser um fator protetor. Conclusão: o reconhecimento do perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que tentam suicídio pode contribuir para os gestores da área da saúde atuarem nas especificidades encontradas por meio de estratégias preventivas nas redes de atenção à saúde e psicossocial

Probing photo-ionization: Experiments on positive streamers in pure gasses and mixtures

Positive streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization whose parameters depend on the nitrogen:oxygen ratio. Therefore we study streamers in nitrogen with 20%, 0.2% and 0.01% oxygen and in pure nitrogen, as well as in pure oxygen and argon. Our new experimental set-up guarantees contamination of the pure gases to be well below 1 ppm. Streamers in oxygen are difficult to measure as they emit considerably less light in the sensitivity range of our fast ICCD camera than the other gasses. Streamers in pure nitrogen and in all nitrogen/oxygen mixtures look generally similar, but become somewhat thinner and branch more with decreasing oxygen content. In pure nitrogen the streamers can branch so much that they resemble feathers. This feature is even more pronounced in pure argon, with approximately 10^2 hair tips/cm^3 in the feathers at 200 mbar; this density could be interpreted as the free electron density creating avalanches towards the streamer stem. It is remarkable that the streamer velocity is essentially the same for similar voltage and pressure in all nitrogen/oxygen mixtures as well as in pure nitrogen, while the oxygen concentration and therefore the photo-ionization lengths vary by more than five orders of magnitude. Streamers in argon have essentially the same velocity as well. The physical similarity of streamers at different pressures is confirmed in all gases; the minimal diameters are smaller than in earlier measurements.Comment: 28 pages, 14 figures. Major differences with v1: - appendix and spectra removed - subsection regarding effects of repetition frequency added - many more smaller change

Microstructural and Electrical Features of Yttrium Stabilised Zirconia with ZnO as Sintering Additive

Adding ZnO reduces sintering temperature of yttria stabilized zirconia. Adding up to 0.5 wt% of ZnO is possible to densify to 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (TZ8Y) to 95% of relative density at 1300 °C, besides, the electrical conductivity increases about 30% at 800 °C when compared to pure TZ8Y with the same relative density and average grain size. These results show that TZ8Y co-doped with ZnO can be a potential electrolyte to solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzer cells

Kulturamt Neuland: Umnutzung und Erweiterung eines landwirtschaftlichen Betriebes

Um dem Aussterben unserer Dörfer entgegen zu wirken benötigt es impulsgebende Ideen die sich in einer bestehenden Struktur einfinden und diese durch Verknüpfungen zwischen Dorfbewohner/innen und Zuziehenden bereichert. Es müssen Räume geschaffen werden die dem demographischen Wandel trotzen und sich durch ein hohes Maß an Resilienz auszeichnen. Multifunktionale Strukturen die von den Bewohnenden je nach Jahreszeit genutzt werden können und die in einem gewissen Kreislauf der Nutzung zueinander stehen, können es schaffen, kollektives Wohnen und Arbeiten mit der kulturellen Eingliederung in eine gewachsene Struktur abzubilden. Hierbei ist es wichtig Räume des Privaten und des Öffentlichen in einen Kontext zu stellen, der Besucher/innen und Bewohner/innen die Freiheit gibt sich zurück zu ziehen und transformative Flächen der Begegnung zu schaffen. Der Bestand einer leer stehenden Hofanlage kann dabei als Hülle und Ressource für etwas Neues dienen und aus dem Inneren heraus wirken. Additive Kubaturen schließen dabei den Bestand und geben dem Ort eine neue Identität in dem sie ihn für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich machen. Dabei sollte das Bauen im ländlichen Raum nicht wie in der Vergangenheit oft betrachtet, aus einer Stadt-Umland Beziehung funktionieren, sondern sich als eigenständige Bewegung im Bestand verstehen. Eine Art urbanisiertes Dorf und das damit verbundene, kulturelle Angebot kann es schaffen, nachhaltig bereits zersiedelte Regionen zu verdichten, Abgang der jüngeren Generation zu verhindern und damit den Verfall erhaltenswerter architektonischer Denkmäler in neue wirtschaftliche Nutzungen zu überführen. Fernab von den großen Neubauten der umliegenden Ballungsräume.:1. Das Dorf: Analyse des ländlichen Raums in Niedersachsen 2. Erste Lösungsansätze für die vorgefundene Problemstellungen 3. Analyse des Ortes Neuland, Samtgemeinde Nordkehdingen 4. Bestandsanalyse der Hofanlage Husfeldt 5. Leitfaden 6. Energiekonzept 7. Schlafscheune 8. Schaffenshaus 9. Orangerie 10. Mobilitätskonzep