Studies of local magnetism and local structure in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4

The muon spin rotation (MUSR) study of local magnetism of Sr-doped La2CrO4 is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on magnetic order as detected by local and bulk probes with local atomic environments studies by x ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Correlations between the MUSR study of local magnetic ordering and the bulk magnetization study are presented along with a discussion of the dependence upon oxygen stoichiometry. Results are presented for both superconducting phases and magnetic phases. Recent data which reveals the existence of local magnetic ordering in the hydrogen-doped YBa2Cu3O7 system are also discussed

Electronic Spectrum of Dihydrogenated Buckminsterfullerene in a 6 K Neon Matrix

Vibrationally resolved electronic absorption spectrum of 1,2-dihydrogenated[60]fullerene has been recorded in a 6 K neon matrix after mass-selected deposition of m/z = 722 cations produced from reaction of protonated methane and C60 in an ion source. One system has the origin band at 688.5 ± 0.1 nm and another commencing at 404.8 ± 0.1 nm. Theoretical computations were used to calculate the relative energies of three isomers of dihydrogenated[60]fullerene and time-dependent density functional theory predicted the vertical excitations to 50 electronic states

Tactile experience induces c-fos expression in rat barrel cortex

Understanding gene expression that is responsive to sensory stimulation is central to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity. In this study we demonstrate two new methods of stimulating whiskers that provide major sensory input to rat neocortex. In the first paradigm, animals were placed on the top of a cylinder and their vibrissae were brushed by hand, In the second paradigm, animals were placed for a brief period or time into a new, wired cage resulting in vibrissae stimulation when they explored the new environment. Both approaches induced c-Fos expression in barrel cortex corresponding to the stimulated vibrissae, especially in layer IV. Layers II/III and V/VI also showed c-Fos induction, but there were no detectable changes in layer VIb. The majority of c-Fos-expressing cells are probably not inhibitory neurons, because they do not show parvalbumin staining. Both paradigms, in contrast to the previous methods, are simple to use and do not require anesthesia, restraint of animals, or elaborate experimental setups

Coexistence of glassy antiferromagnetism and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in Fe/Cr multilayer structures

Using temperature-dependent magnetoresistance and magnetization measurements on Fe/Cr multilayers that exhibit pronounced giant magnetoresistance (GMR), we have found evidence for the presence of a glassy antiferromagnetic (GAF) phase. This phase reflects the influence of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) at low temperature (T < 140K) and is characterized by a field-independent glassy transition temperature, Tg, together with irreversible behavior having logarithmic time dependence below a "de Almeida and Thouless" (AT) critical field line. At room temperature, where the GMR effect is still robust, IEC plays only a minor role, and it is the random potential variations acting on the magnetic domains that are responsible for the antiparallel interlayer domain alignment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Fabrication and integration of nanostructured optical devices

The main goal of this thesis is the numerical and experimental verification of the concept of nanostructured micro-optical elements integrated into an optical fibre. The elements are fabricated with a stack and draw technique. This technology, based on the wellknown method of photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) production, allows the fabrication of Nanostructured Gradient Index (nGRIN) microlenses and axicons with individual nanorods with diameter of 100-300nm. The necessary parameters of materials used in stack and draw method are described and two glasses are chosen for the nanostructured elements fabrication. The procedure of synthesis of clear and doped Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is introduced, which will allow using PMMA in the future in stack and draw technique. Numerical simulations of a Gaussian beam focusing nGRIN microlenses attached to optical fibres are performed using a FFT BPM method. This shows that nGRIN microlenses can be described using the effective refractive index also in the case of the optical fibre illumination. The procedure of fabricating, cutting and polishing of elements 125 um in diameter and 20-60 um long is introduced and explained. Both simulation and experimental results show that the fabricated nanostructured lenses and axicons focus light for the fibre source with wavelength 1550nm

The problem of multiple interpretations of the terms “Information” and “Data” in the Polish Criminal Code and its consequences

This paper examines the legal definitions of “information” and “data” within the Polish Criminal Code (CC), highlighting their implications for criminal liability, particularly in the realm of cybercrime. The research addresses the problem of definitional ambiguity, which poses challenges to the principles of legal certainty and consistency in criminal law. The study employs a dogmatic analysis of both general and specific parts of the CC,including an evaluation of commentaries and relevant judicial decisions. Findings indicate that the interchangeable use of “information” and “data” across various provisions leads to interpretational inconsistencies, potentially broadening the scope of criminal liabilityin a manner that contradicts constitutional principles. Moreover, the lack of precise legal definitions complicates the application of law by practitioners and undermines efforts to standardize legal frameworks for international cooperation in combating cybercrime. The author concludes that establishing clearer definitions is essential for the effective enforcement of criminal law and the protection of fundamental rights in the digital age.Niniejszy artykuł analizuje definicje prawne terminów „informacja” oraz „dane” w polskim Kodeksie karnym (KK), podkreślając ich konsekwencje dla odpowiedzialności karnej, zwłaszcza w obszarze cyberprzestępczości. Badania koncentrują się na problemie niejednoznaczności definicyjnej, która stwarza wyzwania dla zasad pewności i spójności prawa karnego. W pracy zastosowano analizę dogmatyczną zarówno części ogólnej, jak i szczególnej KK, w tym ocenę komentarzy i istotnych orzeczeń sądowych. Wyniki wskazują, że zamienne stosowanie terminów „informacja” i „dane” w różnych przepisach prowadzido niespójności interpretacyjnych, potencjalnie rozszerzając zakres odpowiedzialności karnej w sposób sprzeczny z zasadami konstytucyjnymi. Ponadto brak precyzyjnych definicji prawnych utrudnia praktykom stosowanie prawa i osłabia wysiłki na rzecz ujednolicenia ram prawnych dla międzynarodowej współpracy w zwalczaniu cyberprzestępczości. Artykuł kończy konkluzja, że wypracowanie precyzyjniejszych definicji jest niezbędne dla skutecznego egzekwowania prawa karnego oraz ochrony praw podstawowych w erze cyfrowej

Impression Management across Applicant and Incumbent Contexts: The Effect on Job Performance

Social desirability (impression management) scales often accompany personality measures in selection to detect those who might be engaging in response distortion. Applicants\u27 personality scores may be corrected or eliminated based on scores from the impression management scale. My studies test the effectiveness and usefulness of having social desirability measures in personnel selection. Study One examined whether social desirability (impression management) scales are able to detect faking behavior. The hypotheses were tested on an archival dataset of participants who took personality measures on two separate occasions as incumbents or applicants. Those identified by the faking indicator, who raised their scores beyond the standard error of measurement difference score, had higher extraversion scores in the applicant administration (M =19.16; SD = 1.83) than as incumbent (M =13.88; SD = 5.27). However, for the non-fakers extraversion scores from when the participants were incumbents are higher (M =19.00; SD = 2.13) than their applicant scores (M =18.21; SD = 3.14). Those identified as non-fakers while incumbents had such high scores that there was no opportunity to improve them and fake. The impression management scale was able to identify fakers on the personality measures who had opportunity to improve their scores. For Study Two, I hypothesized that impression management is a necessary skill for salespeople, thus selecting people out or correcting their personality scores because of it results in worse people hired and lowers organizational performance. Impression management is not a necessary skill for salespeople; impression management does not have a relationship with weekly brokerage dollars (r = -.07, p =.45). Further analyses found that removing applicants or correcting their scores actually improved the job performance of the sample

The Dark Triad, goal achievement and work engagement as predictors of counterproductive work behaviors among IT employees

BackgroundThe main purpose of this article is to analyze mechanisms associated with counterproductive work behaviors. This entails ac-tions directed against the employer’s interest such as theft, slowing the work down, and avoiding professional responsibilities. This paper analyzes Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism, achievement motivation and work engagement as counterproductive work behavior predictors.Participants and procedureThe study included 115 people, 92 men and 23 women, who were employees of technology departments. The average age of respondents is 27.41 (Me = 26). Participants were surveyed using the online questionnaire method.ResultsStatistical analysis validates all three hypotheses. Achievement motivation, the Dark Triad and work engagement are predictors of counterproductive work behavior; the Dark Triad is a moderator of the relationship with achievement motivation and counter-productive work behaviors; work engagement is a moderator of the Dark Triad’s relationship with counterproductive work behaviors.ConclusionsAll predictors were proven to significantly explain the level of counterproductive behavior. It was also found that work engage-ment and achievement motivation can weaken the influence of the Dark Triad on counterproductive behaviors at work. It is suggested to perform more studies to confirm these results and investigate differences between professions.BackgroundThe main purpose of this article is to analyze mechanisms associated with counterproductive work behaviors. This entails ac-tions directed against the employer’s interest such as theft, slowing the work down, and avoiding professional responsibilities. This paper analyzes Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism, achievement motivation and work engagement as counterproductive work behavior predictors.Participants and procedureThe study included 115 people, 92 men and 23 women, who were employees of technology departments. The average age of respondents is 27.41 (Me = 26). Participants were surveyed using the online questionnaire method.ResultsStatistical analysis validates all three hypotheses. Achievement motivation, the Dark Triad and work engagement are predictors of counterproductive work behavior; the Dark Triad is a moderator of the relationship with achievement motivation and counter-productive work behaviors; work engagement is a moderator of the Dark Triad’s relationship with counterproductive work behaviors.ConclusionsAll predictors were proven to significantly explain the level of counterproductive behavior. It was also found that work engage-ment and achievement motivation can weaken the influence of the Dark Triad on counterproductive behaviors at work. It is suggested to perform more studies to confirm these results and investigate differences between professions

Introduction: what sort of past does our future need?

In this short introduction we set out the aims of the volume, which represents the fruits of two seminars held in the autumn of 2020. The chapters respond to one big thematic issue: how to research and understand historical societal resilience; and one big question: what sort of past does the future need? They attempt to address these through three linked themes: can history be made more relevant to modern policy in respect of environmental and climate challenges? To what extent do our various sources indicate awareness and management of risk and/or the implementation of mitigating strategies in the past? And how can we identify ‘resilience’ in the social praxis of historical agents