Análise experimental de estruturas de betão

O betão é um material usado para a construção de inúmeros edifícios e estruturas, dado que se torna necessário exercer um controlo antes, durante e após a construção, pelo que é necessária a existência de métodos fiáveis e capazes de o garantir. Do ponto de vista do engenheiro, a resistência é um parâmetro fundamental do dimensionamento de estruturas novas ou de reforço de existentes. Neste contexto o presente documento pretende dar um contributo no estudo e caracterização do betão, através de ensaios destrutivos e não destrutivos. É apresentada a importância e utilidade da realização dos mesmos quer em estruturas existentes ou novas. Estão sintetizados procedimentos de cada ensaio e respetivo equipamento segundo a regulamentação nacional, sempre que possível. O presente relatório procura, através da realização de um programa experimental, com três casos de estudo, entender o comportamento do betão endurecido e verificar a fiabilidade e eficiência entre a relação de ensaios destrutivos e não destrutivos.Concrete is a material used in the construction of numerous buildings and structures, so it’s necessary to perform a control before, during and after construction and it’s also necessary to have reliable methods o guarantee it. From the engineer's point of view, resistance it’s a key parameter in the dimensioning of new structures or reinforced ones. In this context, this report aims to contribute to the study and characterization of concrete through destructive and nondestructive tests. The importance and utility of their realization is presented, either in existing or new structures. Procedures for each test and its equipment are synthesized, under national regulations, whenever possible. This report aims to understand the behavior of hardened concrete and to verify the reliability and efficiency between the relation of destructive and non-destructive tests, through an experimental program, with 3 case studies

Misoprostol and teratogenesis in neonates

Este trabalho enfoca aspectos relativos à exposição ao misoprostol no período perinatal como abortificante e agente teratogênico, assim como as causas das malformações, considerando-se fatores químicos, físicos e ambientais. A prática do aborto triplicou nas regiões Sul e Nordeste em 15 anos, sendo que entre os métodos mais freqüentes está o uso do medicamento com o princípio ativo do misoprostol. Em 1991 no Brasil, 288.700 mulheres foram socorridas em hospitais devido a complicações por indução de aborto com este medicamento. Isso resultou na proibição do misoprostol em todo país por determinação da portaria 344/98 do Ministério da Saúde, que exige um controle especial, onde sua utilização é permitida apenas em hospitais e com supervisão da vigilância sanitária municipal. Um dos problemas mais graves que a criança não abortada apresenta é uma injúria em seu sistema nervoso central desenvolvendo a Síndrome de Moebius. Esta é uma paralisia congênita e não progressiva do VI e do VII nervos cranianos, freqüentemente bilateral, que produz uma aparência facial pouco expressiva e estrabismo divergente. Neste sentido, mesmo sendo proibido em nosso país, o aborto induzido por misoprostol é praticado ilegalmente e sem uma verdadeira instrução da paciente sobre os efeitos teratogênicos do mesmo para ela e para seu bebêThis paper is focused in some aspects of maternal exposure to misoprostol during perinatal period, and the abortive and teratogenesis effects on the fetus. The causes of malformations were revised, taking into account chemical, physical and environmental factors as well as the interaction between them. There are evidences that the practice of abortion tripled in Southern and Northeastern Brazil in 15 years, and one of the most frequent forms of abortion is through the use of misoprostol. In Brazil, 1991, 288,700 women were hospitalized as a consequence of complications induced by abortion attempt with this medicine. This fact resulted in the ban of misoprostol across our country, by Decree 344/98 determined by the Health Ministry. The use of misoprostol requires special control and it is allowed only in hospitals, with supervision of the municipal health surveillance. Among the more severe problems affecting the non-aborted child is the injury on the central nervous system, which frequently results in the Moebius syndrome. This is a congenital and non-progressive paralysis of the VI and VII cranial nerves, frequently bilateral, which produces a unexpressive facial appearance and convergent Strabismus. Even banned in our country, abortion is illegally practiced, being deprived of proper knowledge about misoprostol teratogenic effects on the fetus as well as the risks involving mother

Misoprostol and teratogenesis in neonates

This paper is focused in some aspects of maternal exposure to misoprostol during perinatal period, and the abortive and teratogenesis effects on the fetus. The causes of malformations were revised, taking into account chemical, physical and environmental factors as well as the interaction between them. There are evidences that the practice of abortion tripled in Southern and Northeastern Brazil in 15 years, and one of the most frequent forms of abortion is through the use of misoprostol. In Brazil, 1991, 288,700 women were hospitalized as a consequence of complications induced by abortion attempt with this medicine. This fact resulted in the ban of misoprostol across our country, by Decree 344/98 determined by the Health Ministry. The use of misoprostol requires special control and it is allowed only in hospitals, with supervision of the municipal health surveillance. Among the more severe problems affecting the non-aborted child is the injury on the central nervous system, which frequently results in the Moebius syndrome. This is a congenital and non-progressive paralysis of the VI and VII cranial nerves, frequently bilateral, which produces a unexpressive facial appearance and convergent Strabismus. Even banned in our country, abortion is illegally practiced, being deprived of proper knowledge about misoprostol teratogenic effects on the fetus as well as the risks involving mothers.Este trabalho enfoca aspectos relativos à exposição ao misoprostol no período perinatal como abortificante e agente teratogênico, assim como as causas das malformações, considerando-se fatores químicos, físicos e ambientais. A prática do aborto triplicou nas regiões Sul e Nordeste em 15 anos, sendo que entre os métodos mais freqüentes está o uso do medicamento com o princípio ativo do misoprostol. Em 1991 no Brasil, 288.700 mulheres foram socorridas em hospitais devido a complicações por indução de aborto com este medicamento. Isso resultou na proibição do misoprostol em todo país por determinação da portaria 344/98 do Ministério da Saúde, que exige um controle especial, onde sua utilização é permitida apenas em hospitais e com supervisão da vigilância sanitária municipal. Um dos problemas mais graves que a criança não abortada apresenta é uma injúria em seu sistema nervoso central desenvolvendo a Síndrome de Moebius. Esta é uma paralisia congênita e não progressiva do VI e do VII nervos cranianos, freqüentemente bilateral, que produz uma aparência facial pouco expressiva e estrabismo divergente. Neste sentido, mesmo sendo proibido em nosso país, o aborto induzido por misoprostol é praticado ilegalmente e sem uma verdadeira instrução da paciente sobre os efeitos teratogênicos do mesmo para ela e para seu bebê

Patrón de prescripción en centros de atención odontológica especializados en Brasil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most common drugs prescribed by dentists and the indicators related to rational drug use. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 189 interviews were carried out from August 2015 to June 2016 with patients who receiveddrug prescriptions at specialized dental care centers in a city in southern Brazil. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: age and gender of the patient, dental specialty in which the care occurred, and prescription drugs and their respective dosage regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square testor Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). From the total of interviews, it was observed that 92.1% of patients received written medication prescriptions. Of these prescriptions, 38.5% had some type of antibiotic for systemic use. Acetaminophen was the most prescribed drug (33.4%), followed by amoxicillin (19.7%). The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.75, and 17.4% of the prescriptions did not indicate the dosage regimen. Our findings indicate a high incidence of prescribed antibiotics and non-compliance with regulatory agency guidance in prescriptions at the centers evaluated.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os medicamentos mais comumente prescritos por cirurgiões-dentistas e os indicadores relacionados ao uso racional de medicamentos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, prospectivo, no qual foram realizadas 189 entrevistas, no período de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2016, com pacientes que receberam prescrição de medicamentos em centros especializados de atendimento odontológico de um município do sul do Brasil. Foi utilizada uma ficha específica, contendo questões referentes a: idade e sexo dopaciente, especialidade odontológica em que ocorreu o atendimento e medicamentos prescritos e seus respectivos regimes posológicos. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher (p <0,05). Do total de entrevistas, observou-se que 92,1% dos pacientes receberam prescrição de medicamentos por escrito. Dessas prescrições, 38,5% apresentavam algum tipo de antibiótico de uso sistêmico. O paracetamol foi o medicamento mais prescrito (33,4%), seguido da amoxicilina (19,7%). O número médio de medicamentos por prescrição foi de 1,75 e 17,4% das prescrições não indicavam o esquema posológico. Nossos resultados indicam uma alta incidência de antibióticos prescritos e não conformidade com as orientações das agências reguladoras nas prescrições nos centros avaliados.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los medicamentosmás comunes prescritos por los cirujanos dentistas y losindicadores relacionados con el uso racional de medicamentos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo transversal en el que se realizaron 189 entrevistas desde agosto de 2015 a junio de 2016 a pacientes que recibieron prescripción de medicamentos en centros de atención odontológica especializados en una ciudad del sur de Brasil. Se utilizó una hoja de datos específica, con preguntas sobre: edad y sexo del paciente, especialidad odontológica en la que se realizó la atención y medicamentos recetados y su respectivo régimen de dosificación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher (p <0,05). Del total de entrevistas, se observó que el 92,1% de los pacientes recibieron prescripción de medicamentos por escrito. De estas prescripciones, el 38,5% tenía algún tipo de antibiótico de uso sistémico. El paracetamol fue el fármaco más prescrito (33,4%), seguido de la amoxicilina (19,7%). El número medio de medicamentos por prescripción fue de 1,75 y el 17,4% de las prescripciones no indicaron la pauta posológica. Nuestros hallazgos indican una alta incidencia de antibióticos prescritos y el incumplimiento de la orientación de la agencia reguladora en las prescripciones en los centros evaluados

Overweight and low height in children of urban, rural and indigenous communities

Changes in lifestyle have led to an increase of overweight in the juvenile population. However, there are limited studies about this topic in relation to an indigenous population. The aim of this study is to verify the overweight and height defi cit in children aged 8 and 9 years, of both sexes, from urban, rural and indigenous communities of the city of Nova Laranjeiras in the State of Paraná. The 277 (148 boys) students were divided into three groups: rural (n = 100), urban (n = 99) and Indian communities (n = 78). The measurements taken were body mass (kg), height (m) and body mass index. The statistics method was an analysis of covariance and chi-square test (P &lt;.05). Among the 277 schoolchildren, the prevalence of overweight was 14.6% in the rural area, 27.1% in urban area and 30.3% in the indigenous area in boys, and 15.7% in rural areas, 17.6% in urban and 20% in Indian girls. There was no difference in the frequency of overweight among groups for both sexes. The prevalence of height defi cit was different between the groups; it was higher in indigenous children than urban and rural children. Among the Indians, 42.4% of boys and 51.1% girls had low stature. Only indigenous children were overweight and of low height, while being prevalent in 15.1% of boys and 11.1% girls. Low stature is frequent in indigenous populations, and it would be ideal to have more research to identify its causes and consequences. Children showed high rates of overweight in all regions, demonstrating that poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle are not only characteristics of urban centres

Chemical profile and bioactivities of extracts from edible plants readily available in Portugal

Plant extracts have been proposed as alternative biocides and antioxidants to be included in a variety of food products. In this work, to assess the potential of rosemary, lemon balm, basil, tarragon, sage, and spearmint to be used as food additives, the chemical profiles and bioactivities of such plant extracts were studied. Furthermore, to evaluate the influence of extraction methods and solvents on the chemical characteristics and bioactivities of the plant extracts, two extraction methods (solid-liquid and Soxhlet extraction) and two solvents (water and ethanol 70% (v/v)) were tested for each plant. Groupwise summary statistics were calculated by plant, extraction method, and solvent, and linear models were built to assess the main effects of those terms and their interactions on the chemical characteristics and bioactivities of the extracts. The results revealed that all factorstype of plant, extraction method and solventhave influence on the chemical profile and antioxidant activity of the resultant extracts. Interactions between factors were also observed. Hydroethanolic Soxhlet extracts presented the least potential as biopreservatives due to their low phenolic content and reduced antioxidant capacity. Oppositely, aqueous Soxhlet extracts and hydroethanolic solid-liquid extracts showed high contents in phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activities. In particular, the hydroethanolic solid-liquid extracts of lemon balm, spearmint, and sage presented the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, accompanied by a high antioxidant activity, and they revealed antimicrobial activity against four pathogens (S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, E. coli, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus). These results demonstrate the potential of these natural resources to be incorporated as bioactive preservatives in foods or their packaging.The authors are grateful to EU PRIMA programme and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for funding the ArtiSaneFood project (PRIMA/0001/2018); and to FCT for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This work was also funded by ERDF through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of the Project Green Health (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046112). Barros and Gonzales-Barron acknowledge the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the Institutional Scientific Employment Programme contract.Silva wishes to acknowledge the financial support provided by FCT through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/137801/2018. Ferreira-Santos acknowledges the European Social Fund (NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000036, call NORTE-69-2015-15).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A incidência de sepse nos hospitais, seus níveis de morbidade e mortalidade e fatores que viabilizam sua manifestação

This article aims to scan the current medical literature on the incidence of sepsis in Brazilian hospitals, point out the main factors associated with its development and identify the profile of the most affected patients. The UpToDate, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar and Web of Science indexers were used as search engines to select articles, using the keywords “Sepsis, Hospital infection, Mortality, Epidemiological profile.” It is concluded that sepsis represents a public health problem and knowledge by health professionals regarding the factors that contribute to the development of this condition is extremely important. &nbsp; Keywords: Sepsis, Morbidity and mortality, Infection in the hospital environment, Immunosuppression.Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma varredura da literatura médica vigente sobre a incidência de sepse nos hospitais do Brasil, apontar principais fatores associados ao seu desenvolvimento e identificar o perfil dos pacientes mais acometidos. Foram utilizados como motores de busca os indexadores UpToDate, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Google Scholar e Web of Science para seleção dos artigos, através dos unitermos “Sepse, Infecção hospitalar, Mortalidade, Perfil epidemiológico.” Conclui-se que a sepse representa um problema de saúde pública e é de extrema relevância o conhecimento pelos profissionais de saúde a respeito dos fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento dessa condição. &nbsp; Palavras-chave: Sepse, Morbidade e mortalidade, Infecção no ambiente hospitalar, Imunossupressão

Análise comparativa baseada no diagnóstico por imagem da Sars-Cov-2

Este projeto busca analisar e evidenciar com base em exames de imagem as mudanças morfológicas importantes nos pacientes acometidos pelo COVID 19 e revelar as lesões pulmonares e suas possíveis consequências, ampliando a contribuição para a comunidade científica e tomada de decisão terapêutica. Partindo dessa premissa, o presente estudo tem motivação na relevância no cenário atual e suas conclusões podem contribuir para um entendimento mais completo acerca do comportamento do vírus na região do ácino e a sintomatologia. Em adição a isso, agregar conhecimento acerca da doença possibilita a abertura de novos caminhos para elaboração de tratamentos, assim como prevenir e mitigar sequelas. Sendo assim, o conhecimento científico sobre COVID 19 é de fundamental importância e deve servir de guia para que todos os profissionais de saúde tomem condutas éticas e eficientes pautadas na ciência a fim de salvar vidas e honrar o compromisso com a saúde pública

Adaptação cultural e validação de instrumento sobre habilidades de pensamento crítico em enfermagem

Infermeria; Estudi de validació; Anàlisi factorialEnfermería; Estudio de validación; Análisis factorialNursing; Validation Study; Factor AnalysisObjectives: to validate the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire regarding cultural aspects and metric properties. Methods: a methodological research carried out through cross-cultural adaptation, face and content validity, dimensional construct and known groups validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. 511 nurses from four hospitals participated in the study, of which 54 participated in retest. Results: the instrument validation for Brazilian Portuguese maintained equivalences, according to the original version. The dimensional validity demonstrated adjustment to the tetrafactorial structure of the original version (GFI=0.69). There were statistically significant differences in critical thinking skills between nurses with graduate degrees and who undertook training, reading articles, developing research and working in an institution with a longer time implementation of the Nursing Process. The instrument showed temporal stability (ICC 073-0.84; p<0.001) and adequate internal consistency (α=0.97). Conclusions: the instrument proved to be valid and reliable for the studied population.Objetivos: realizar la validación del Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire sobre aspectos culturales y propiedades métricas. Métodos: investigación metodológica realizada a través de adaptación transcultural, validez de rostro y contenido, validez de constructo dimensional y grupos conocidos, confiabilidad test-retest y consistencia interna. En el estudio participaron 511 enfermeras de cuatro hospitales, de las cuales 54 participaron en la nueva prueba. Resultados: la validación del instrumento para portugués brasileño mantuvo las equivalencias, según la versión original. La validez dimensional demostró ajuste a la estructura tetrafactorial de la versión original (GFI=0,69). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las habilidades de pensamiento crítico entre enfermeros con posgrados, que completaron su formación, leyendo artículos, desarrollando investigaciones y trabajando en una institución con un tiempo de implementación más largo del Proceso de Enfermería. El instrumento mostró estabilidad temporal (ICC=073-0,84; p<0,001) y adecuada consistencia interna (α=0,97). Conclusiones: el instrumento resultó válido y confiable para la población estudiada.This work was carried out with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES)

Bullying’s Negative Effect on Academic Achievement

Bullying's a phenomenon that carries great harm for those involved (bully or victim alike) in which academic achievement is harmed as well. However, the strength of such impact is yet to be clarified, existing many possibilities to explore. Or in other words, many variables that can justify such connection - classroom behavior being one example.The goal of the present investigation is to study the impact that bullying (while mediated by the classroom behavior) has on the academic achievement.The sample consisted of 288 children (from 1st year to 4th year’s students); and their teachers (whom reported their classroom behavior). Results showed that the bullying situation itself, didn’t significantly explain the academic achievement of those involved. However, from classroom behavior it was found an indirect effect between bullying and academic achievement. Within classroom behavior, the main contributive dimensions were - victim related, the excessive motor activity; and bully related, oppositional behaviors, excessive motor activity and ADHD index.This results alert to the importance of the educational agents’ attention given to the existing behavior in their classrooms. Not only because of the disruption created in each classroom’s environment, but also as a possible sign of an involvement in the existing bullying dynamics