The effects of Fe4NiO4Zn nanoparticles on thyroid tissue and serum level of T3, T4 and TSH

زمینه و هدف: نانوذرات به دلیل اندازه کوچک و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی منحصر به فرد کاربرد گسترده‌ای در صنایع داروسازی، ساختمان‌سازی، مواد غذایی و لوازم آرایش پیدا کرده‌اند. افزایش تولید و مصرف نانوذرات سنتزی سبب افزایش نگرانی در رابطه با اثرات جانبی منفی آن ‌ها بر سلامتی انسان شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی اثر نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn بر میزان ترشح هورمون‌های تیروئیدی و TSH و همچنین بافت تیروئید بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 24 رت نر نژاد ویستار به صورت تصادفی به 3 گروه 8 تایی تقسیم شدند. گروه کنترل 5/0 میلی‌لیتر سرم فیزیولوژی و گروه دوم و سوم 5/0 میلی‌لیتر محلول نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn را در غلظت‌هایppm ۱۰۰و 200 به مدت 7 روز متوالی دریافت کردند. غلظت هورمون‌های TSH و تیروئیدی در روزهای 2، 7 و 14 تعیین گردید. در روز 14 بافت تیروئید تحت بی‌هوشی عمیق خارج شده و مورد بررسی بافت شناسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: تزریق صفاقی نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn سبب کاهش معنی‌داری در غلظت TSH و افزایش معنی‌داری در غلظت هورمون T4 شد. نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn تأثیر معنی‌داری بر سطح هورمون T3 نداشت. نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn سبب تغییرات بافتی غده تیروئید شامل التهاب و بزرگ شدن فولیکول‌های شد. نتیجه گیری: نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn قادر است با تأثیر بر محور هیپوتالاموس- هیپوفیز- آندوکراین و آسیب فولیکول‌های تیروئید ترشح هورمون‌های TSH و تیروکسین را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد

Environmental and ecological studies in northern Alborz (Guilan Province)

Caspian Sea with an area of 400 thousand square kilometers is the largest lake in the world. The Caspian Sea about 1200 km from north to south on the longest section and an average width of 320 km. along the coastline around the Caspian Sea is about 6500 kilometers. Caspian Sea is about 78,000 cubic kilometers of water volume that is 44% of stocks of blue lakes around the world. Caspian Sea basin, which is composed of seven major basins of the main watershed from west to east are: juniper, Talsh- Anzali, large Sefidrood between Haraz Sefid and, Hraz- Gharehsou, Nagorno Sv- Gorgan and Atrak in the basin of Aras no limits to the beach. Aras sub-basin is located in the North West and Iran, the second largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Talysh-Anzali on the Caspian Sea basin West and the seventh largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. White basin is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea and the extent of the sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Haraz located in the south Caspian Sea basin and the ninth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Gorgan is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea basin and the fourth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. In these areas, about 28 percent of the total fish production in the northern waters of aquatic allocated

Aquaculture potentials investigation of Yamchi Dam Down stream areas in in Ardabil Province

The research conducted for finding of aquaculture potential and appropriate areas of Yamchi dam downstream river and estimate of its production in 2010-2012. Yamchi dam is located at 25 kilometers of southwest of the Ardabil city. This research done by using of available information and data obtained from the monthly and seasonally sampling. After evaluating of Yamchi river potential and its marginal lands, suitable locations for aquaculture determinated and theirs production was calculated at each site. Totally, 3 areas selected for trout aquaculture and varius method suggested including race way, octagonal pond and semi-recircultaion. In the present condition of Yamchi river the amount of trout production is predicted at least 65 ton by race way to maximum 1750 ton by semirecircultaion method. Whiles, if 2 cubic meters of water from Yamchi dam outlet is provided to aquaculture, it will be predicted at least 580 ton by race way to maximum 4000 ton by semi-recircultaion metho

Uptake of oxLDL and IL-10 production by macrophages requires PAFR and CD36 recruitment into the same lipid rafts

Macrophage interaction with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) leads to its differentiation into foam cells and cytokine production, contributing to atherosclerosis development. In a previous study, we showed that CD36 and the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAFR) are required for oxLDL to activate gene transcription for cytokines and CD36. Here, we investigated the localization and physical interaction of CD36 and PAFR in macrophages stimulated with oxLDL. We found that blocking CD36 or PAFR decreases oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. OxLDL induces IL-10 mRNA expression only in HEK293T expressing both receptors (PAFR and CD36). OxLDL does not induce IL-12 production. The lipid rafts disruption by treatment with βCD reduces the oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. OxLDL induces co-immunoprecipitation of PAFR and CD36 with the constitutive raft protein flotillin-1, and colocalization with the lipid raft-marker GM1-ganglioside. Finally, we found colocalization of PAFR and CD36 in macrophages from human atherosclerotic plaques. Our results show that oxLDL induces the recruitment of PAFR and CD36 into the same lipid rafts, which is important for oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. This study provided new insights into how oxLDL interact with macrophages and contributing to atherosclerosis development

Artificial propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn form for restocking

The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, and lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren’t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 million fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future

Preparation instructions micro-algae cultivate and concentrate it for use in silver carp feed and training necessary

According to the importance of micro-algae in aquatic feed such as fish in this study have been investigated Preparation of useful algae powder or concentrate for breeding silver carp , their impact on the growth of silver carp , rate per unit area and estimate n economic Development. Different algal species were isolated from hydrothermal fish farms, then were purified and mass culture . The next step microalgae were dried and powdered by spray dryer and were examined the fish feeding on them. During this study, 6 species of chlorophyt( Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Pediastrum boryanum, Pandorina morum, Ankistrodesmus falcatus) ,3 species of cyanophyta ( Anabaena flosaquae, Oscillatoria agardhi and Spirulina platensis) and 1 species of Bacillariophta ( Cyclotella meneghiniana were isolated from.Green algae and Blue -green algae were cultured in Zaindr medium, diatoms were cultured in Zaindr medium but with water of Anzali logoon and also in F2 medium with artificial sea water and spirulina was cultured in Zarouk medium. Microalgae were cultures then concentrated.Then the impact was examined on fish silver carp 2 to 3 grams. The results showed that Cyclotella has a greater role in the growth of silver carp and Anabaena floes aquae and Spirulina platensis tend to growth less than cyclotella. Scenedesmus obliquus and Scenedesmus acuminatus were respectively next algae that showed the greatest impact on fish growth. Scenedesmus obliquus feed rate was greater than any other algae for Daphnia

Thyroid function, autoimmunity and nodules in hematological malignancies

Objective Hematological malignancies encompass a large spectrum of disease entities whose treatment by chemo/radiotherapy could lead to thyroid complications. To the best of our knowledge, no study has simultaneously addressed thyroid function, autoimmunity and nodularity. Therefore, we decided to conduct one.Materials and methods We evaluated 82 Caucasian patients (36 women and 46 men), who were treated at our Oncology division for hematological malignancies (multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphatic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and polycythemia vera) and compared them with a control group of 104 patients. Patients who had received or were receiving external head/neck radiotherapy were excluded. All oncological patients and control individuals underwent thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function and autoimmunity tests.Results A lower prevalence of enlarged thyroid and nodules were found in patients with respect to controls. The rate of thyroid nodules was the highest in multiple myeloma and polycythemia vera, and the lowest in chronic lymphatic leukemia. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients had the smallest thyroid nodules while men with multiple myeloma the biggest ones. No patient had hypothyroidism, while 5.6% of patients had subclinical hyperthyroidism. In contrast, within the control group the rates of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, overt and subclinical, were 3.8%, 20.2%, 0% and 0% respectively. Moreover, the overall rate of thyroid autoantibody positiveness in patients was significantly lower than controls.Conclusion In our experience, we found a significantly lower prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in hematologic patients who underwent chemotherapy, but not radiotherapy, with respect to controls. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):236-4

The effects of slurry on larviculture of Rutilus frisii kutum and chienes carp yield and determination of efficient concentration for increasing of production

Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment (one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry) and stocked with 2375 N/hec (Silver carp 60%, Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton

Homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels in premature coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is known as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, but the probable role of hyperhomocysteinemia in premature Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is not well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the role of hyperhomocysteinemia, folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of premature CAD. METHODS: We performed an analytical case-control study on 294 individuals under 45 years (225 males and 69 females) who were admitted for selective coronary angiography to two centers in Tehran. RESULTS: After considering the exclusion criteria, a total number of 225 individuals were enrolled of which 43.1% had CAD. The mean age of participants was 39.9 +/- 4.3 years (40.1 +/- 4.2 years in males and 39.4 +/- 4.8 years in females). Compared to the control group, the level of homocysteine measured in the plasma of the male participants was significantly high (14.9 +/- 1.2 versus 20.3 +/- 1.9 micromol/lit, P = 0.01). However there was no significant difference in homocysteine level of females with and without CAD (11.8 +/- 1.3 versus 11.5 ± 1.1 micromol/lit, P = 0.87). Mean plasma level of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the study group were 6.3 +/- 0.2 and 282.5 +/- 9.1 respectively. Based on these findings, 10.7% of the study group had folate deficiency while 26.6% had Vitamin B12 deficiency. Logistic regression analysis for evaluating independent CAD risk factors showed hyperhomocysteinemia as an independent risk factor for premature CAD in males (OR = 2.54 0.95% CI 1.23 to 5.22, P = 0.01). Study for the underlying causes of hyperhomocysteinemia showed that male gender and Vitamin B12 deficiency had significant influence on incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia. CONCLUSION: We may conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for CAD in young patients (bellow 45 years old) – especially in men -and vitamin B12 deficiency is a preventable cause of hyperhomocysteinemia