147 research outputs found
Cross-cultural contacts between the Serbs lived in the former Hungarian Kingdom and West-Ukrainian territories : as reflected in the import of the liturgical books
Mára már elavult közhely, hogy a felvilágosodás és a nemzeti megújulás eszméit egyedül kizárólag Bécs közvetítette a Habsburg Birodalom szláv nemzetiségei fel. Jóllehet a bécsi szellemi élet valóban a legfontosabb ablak volt Nyugat-Európára, de nem az egyetlen. A magyar történészek vitát folytattak a nemzetek kialakulásáról a múlt század nyolcvanas-kilencvenes éveiben, és ebben a Niederhauser Emil képviselte álláspont került elfogadásra, mely szerint már a 17. században beszélhetünk nemzetté alakulásról. Ennek a szerbek esetében jelentős motorja volt a liturgikus könyvek importja keleti szláv, mai ukrán területekről. Először is azért, mert a balkáni szerbek egyáltalán nem használhatták nyelvüket és a cirill betűket kultúrájuk megőrzésére, miután a görög phanarióták váltak az Oszmán birodalom elitjévé. Mivel az egyháznak jól kiépített adminisztrációja volt, amikor a törökök meghódították a balkáni népeket, és mivel az iszlám gyakorlat a "könyv népeit" nem tiltotta el (csupán korlátozta) vallásuk gyakorlásában, ha megfelelő adót fizettek, mindkét félnek előnyös volt, hogy a keresztény miilet fejévé a pátriárka vált. Ám a tizenhetedik században Isztambul Phanar (világítótorony) nevű városrészéről elnevezett gazdag és művelt görög nagypolgári réteg az oszmán uralom alatt lévő valamennyi keresztény felett magához ragadta mind a gazdasági, mind az adminisztratív hatalmat, sőt a pátriárkát korrumpálva még az egyházit is. Emiatt lehetetlenné vált a szláv ajkúak mégoly korlátozott művelődése is. A Habsburg Birodalomba menekülő szerbek (a Magyar Királyságba történt bevándorlás három fő hullámát különítettük el az idézett korábbi munkáinkban) jóllehet állandóan panaszkodtak hátrányos helyzetükre, ha magukat a magyárokhoz hasonlították, ám a balkáni testvéreiknél összehasonlíthatatlanul jobb helyzetbe kerültek. Vallási s világi önkormányzatuk az egyházi szláv liturgia s a cirill betűs könyvek szabad használatával párosult. A Szentendrén kutató szerb kollégák monográfiájában és az egyéb gyűjteményeket a jelen munka szerzője korábbi publikációiban leírt possessori margináliák egyértelműen bizonyítják, hogy a 17-18. sz. folyamán a Magyar Királyság területén élő szerbek alapvetően a mai ukrán, akkori kelet-lengyelországi területekről származó könyveket importáltak. Az ukrán és fehérorosz nyomdák ugyanakkor a lengyel hatások alatt álltak, és tulajdonosaik civil testvérületek (confraternitas) voltak, ezáltal rugalmasabb kiadói politikát és a nyugati kultúrának, a barokknak a hatásait jobban kitett nyomtatást folytattak. Bőséges elő- s utószavaik, a szent könyveket kísérő világi kommentárjaik, főként pedig a liturgikus tartalmakat illusztráló rézmetszeteik a nyugat-európai barokk hatásait lengyel közvetítéssel így a Magyar Korona szláv nemzetiségeihez is eljuttatták. A Lembergben nemrég elhunyt Iszajevics akadémikus kutatásai, s a vele kapcsolatban dolgozó jelen szerző munkái folytatásaként a kérdés nagymonográfiában történő feldolgozása várható, mellyel további bizonyítékokat kapunk arra, hogy a késő barokk és a korai felvilágosodás korában a nemzeti öntudat ápolásában a szerbek a mai ukrán területek városainak jótékony hatására tartották meg és fejlesztették nemzeti kultúrájukat. Az orosz gyámkodás majd a csak a 18. század végétől válik erőssé, amely kivezet a dolgozatunkban tárgyalt korszakból. Csak az 1768-1774 közti orosz-török háborút lezáró békekötés után, amelyen 1774. július 21-én Kücsük-Kajnardzsiban a török szultán kénytelen volt elismerni a cárt minden pravoszlávok patrónusának az oszmán birodalomban
Európa kultúrkörei és az algebrai struktúrák izomorfizmusa
Researches were supported by the "Pro Renovanda Cultura
Hungariae" foundation. - Since Arnold Toynbee the notion of
contrasting civilizations has
gained general acceptance. If we are to use the notions of
"cultural spheres" and "cultural regions", we must use them in a
clear and unequivocal sense, as demanded by scientific logic.
The author should present a few analytic tools, a model of areal
linguistics, and the mathematical concept of isomorphism. In the
first case, instead of asking which cultural sphere, which
macrostructure this or that cultural region belongs to, what we
have to examine is to what extent x, y, or z cultural specific
features are present in the given cultural region. As a result,
in the case of an areal philosophy of culture, we must set up
cultural isoglosses, or isocultures. In the second case, two
cultures or cultural regions may be considered isomorphous, if
their different components, elements and their relationships
correspond. In other words, what is to be examined it is not
whether the same elements, the same phenomena are present in
both cultures, but whether there are systematic correspondences
between the different elements of the two cultural regions
The »Modus Obliquus« In The Baltic Language Union: A Review of The Literature on The Field
"THE »MODUS OBLIQUUS« IN THE BALTIC LANGUAGE AREA:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FINNO-UGRIAN
AND INDOEUROPEAN VERB SYSTEMS
SÁNDOR FÖLDVÁRI
Postdoctoral researcher, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
Budapest;
Visitor lecturer, Department of Classical Philology (Lithuanian
Studies), Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen, Hungary;
The author of the paper supposes that the present audience on
the con-ference also the readers of the printed version are
familiar with the common phenomena of cultures of Baltic
peoples, e. g. the modus obliquus or modus relativus in the
verb system. There is no room here for the detailed introduction
to the theme, more, we can recommend you so excellent studies
on the field as AMBRAZAS, 1970 of the Indoeuropean side and, in
turn, IKOLA, 1953 from the Finno-Ugristics. We try here to
summarise the results of the earlier works and to discuss the
question of the Baltic language and cultural union.
Since the modus obliquus (MO) exists only in Estonian and
Livonian, no other Baltic Finnic languages, and, from the other
hand, since the MO exists only in Latvian than in Lithuanian,
no other Baltic Finnic languages (it is absent in Prussian), it
seems to be very logical to say that the MO is a result of areal
contacts, or, that the MO is a very special isogloss of Baltic
language union. The morphosyntactic criteria of the Baltic
language union is analysed e.g. by STOLZ, 1977. The sources are
well-researched by the dialectology, e. g. PAJUSALU, 1996. also
in the field of phonology, cf. VABA, 1997 but sources of
morpho-syntactical common features in the common cultural
development of Baltic peoples are less analysed. The Prague
school (TRUBETZKOY, 1928. JAKOBSON, 1931.) based the modern
school of phonology that is why they established areal models
only on the base of phonologic phenomena. — It is remarkable
that ARUMAA, 1935 analysed the morphosyntactical common
characteristics of Estonian, Livonian and Latvian already at the
Jakobson's time, and his conclusion is almost literally
identical with closing words of AMBRAZAS, 1970 and 1990. — The
time has already come, when there is already “seasonable” the
syntheses of the cultural and areal language contacts. There are
some contributions to this syntheses given in the paper.
REFERENCES, cited in the abstract:
ARUMAA, P[eeter] 1935. Eesti-liivi ja läti ühisest
fraseoloogiast ning süntaksist. EK 14, 124 136.
AMBRAZAS, Vytautas 1970. Dēl lietuviž kalbos netiesioginēs
nuosakos (modus relativus). In: DB 6 13.
AMBRAZAS, Vytautas 1990.Vergleichende Syntax der baltischen
Partizipien. Baltţ kalbţ dalyviţ lyginamoji sintaksç. АМБРАЗАС,
Витаутас: Сравни¬тельный синтакс причастий бальтийских языков.
Vilnius: Mokslas, ISBN 5–420–00338–4
BECKER, H. 1948. Der Sprachbund. Leipzig—Berlin.
DB — Donum Balticum: To Professor Christian S. Stang on the
occasion of his seventieth birthday 15 March 1970. Edited by
Velta RUKE–DRAVINA. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
DÉCSY, Gyula 1973. Die linguistische Struktur Europas:
Vergangenheit – Gegenwart – Zukunft. Wiesbaden: Otto
Harrassowitz
HAARMANN, Harald, 1970. Die indirekte erleibnisform als
grammatische Kategorie — Eine eurasische Isoglosse. Wiesbaden.
(Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo–Altaica, 2.)
IKOLA, Osmo, 1953. Viron ja liivin modus obliquusen histooria.
Helsinki: Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura (Suomi 106, 4.)
JAKOBSON, Roman, 1931a. Über die phonologischen Sprachbünde. =
JAKOBSON, 19712, 137 143.
JAKOBSON, Roman, 1931b. РОМАН ЯКОБСОН, К характеристике
евроазийского языкого союза. = JAKOBSON, 19712, 144 201.
JAKOBSON, 19712, Selected Writings, I. Phonological Studies. The
Hague—Paris.
PAJUSALU, Karl, 1996. Multiple Linguistic Contacts In: South
Estonian: Variation of Verb Inflection In: Karksi. Turku (Turun
Yliopiston suomalaisen ja yleisen kielitieteen laitoksen
julkaisuja: Publications of the Department of Finnish and
General linguistics of the University of Turku, 54.)
STOLZ, Thomas, 1977. Schprachbund im Baltikum? Estnisch und
Lettisch im Zentrum einer sprachlischen Konvergenzlandschaft.
Bochum: Universitäts-verlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer (BORETZKY, Norbert
— EUNIGER, Werner — STOLZ, Thomas [Eds.], Bohum-Essener Beiträge
zur Schprachwandel-forschung, 13.)
TRUBETZKOY, Nikolas, 1928. Proposition 16. In: Actes du premier
congrčs international de linguists ŕ La Haye, du 10-15 avril
1928. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1928. 17 18.
VABA, Lembit, 1997. Uurimusi läti-eesti keelesuhetast. Tallinn—
Tampere: Eesti Keele Instituut, Tamperen Yliopiston Suomen
Kielen ja Yleisen Kielitieseen Laitos, ISBN –9985–851–52–
Cirill liturgikus könyvek provenienciális kérdései. Hodinka koncepciója az újabb kutatások tükrében
Provenance of the old Printed Cyrillic Books Being Held in
Church Libraries of the Former Hungarian Kingdom: Anton
Hodinka's Conception Evaluated on the Base of the Latest
Researches
The territory of the Former Hungarian Kingdom was remarkably
larger than it is now and a great part of it was settled by
inhabitants of non-Hungarian origin perhaps of Slavic. The
Sub-Carpathian Rusyns (a special branch of The Ukrainian,
settled in Uzhorod, Mukachevo and Marmarosh regions) and a
part of the Rumanians belonged to the Greek Catholic (i. e.
Uniate) Church and another part of the Rumanians and all the
Serbs, too, were of the Orthodox Church. Therefore the Rusyn,
the Rumanian and Jhe Serb parishes needed far more liturgical
books than the Roman Catholic ones since the Byzantine
liturgy is far more complicated than the Roman Catholic one.
Anton Hodinka was the first author who studied in 1909 the
activity of the Russian booksellers those had been travelled
to the former Hungarian Kingdom before 1770, when the import
of the Cyrillic books had forbidden by Queen Maria Theresa.
A. Hodinka's conclusion was criticized by E. Ojtozi and S.
Foldvari for the majority of the books could not been
imported from the territory of Russia. Descriptions and
analysis on provenance of materials being held in Greek and
Roman Catholic Church libraries of present Hungary has been
published by S. Foldvari. Of special interest may be the
former ones, because nobody has still done researches for
Church Slavic liturgical book in Roman Catholic collections
before Foldvari has done it. Since the country covers less
territory than the former Hungarian Kingdom did, it could not
be done enough investigations in the archives and book
collections being now abroad. Evidences were documented by E.
Ojtozi showed that the majority of the books had been
imported by the Greek Catholic parishes were printed in
typographies of Potchajev, Lvov, Unev etc. Thus hardly less
books had been imported from Russia than it was maintained by
A. Hodinka. This new statement was strongly undertaken by the
further researches made by S . Földvári on the marginalia in
old printed Cyrillic booksh held in Roman Catholic libraries,
were investigated firstly by him.
Another point of interest is that numerous old-printed
Cyrillic books are supposed to be evaluated as very rarities
that are being held also in Roman Catholic collections have
investigated by Foldvari. It has been demonstrated in his
publications that the Serb parishes had been importing the
books printed in typographies of Potchajev or Lvov instead of
buying the ones printed by J. Kurzböck in Vienna. Since the
books issued by Kurzböck had not accepted by the Serbs with
much pleasure.
A detailed survey of the findings of Hungarian authors, made
on old-printed Cyrillic books, is given in the paper, too
Kuľturnye pamjatniki zakarpatskyh grekokatoličeśkih rusinov v g. Eger
Before the church union in Uzhorod in 1646, the clergy of the
Byzantine rite belonged to villains. However, even later, the
social problems and the questions of jurisdiction were not
solved until the establishment of the Greek Catholic Eparchy in
1771. Hence the pejorative evaluation to the role of Roman
Catholic Bishops of Eger became a common thought of the Greek
Catholic historians. On the contrary, data of the archivalia and
book collections in Eger are evidences to state that the Greek
Catholic seminarists have there given education in the Byzantine
liturgy and Church Slavonic, too. Heritage of the teacher of
these subjects, Lucas Habina, have listed and held in the
Bishopric Archive. - The paper is a Russian-language summary of
the works published by the author in Hungary earlier.
Proceedings of The Conference Held in Uzhorod, 1996, on The 350
Anniversary of The Union in Uzhorod in 1646
A Hajdúdorogi Főesperesi Levéltár iratainak lajstroma és mutatója, 1562–1819
Although the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Hajdudorog was
established in 1916, its predecessor, The Deanery of
Hajdudorog, had already existed in the 18th century.
Moreover, there are hold in its Archive some sources from the
16th c. Therefore the foreword by I. Udvari is worthwhile on
the history of the archive, however, he should give an
outlook on the history of the Hajdudorog Deanary, too, as a
specialist of that. For the advantages, the indexes are
pretty useful; for the disadvantages, the whole text of the
inventory consists of the Hungarian translation of the
original Latin titles of the documents, therefore, it makes
more difficult to use it than those of other inventories of
various Hungarian Church archives (examples are given in this
review), published before, which consist of lists of the
original names of the fonds and fasciculi in Latin as well.
It is proposed in the review the original Latin headings are
to be given in the second edition
Впливи української еліти на національне відродження сербів
Influences of the Ukrainian Elite on the National Awakening
of the Serbs: Publishing of Ukrainian Brotherhoods in the
Culture of Slavic Peoples in Habsburg Empire
Впливи української еліти на національне відродження сербів:
книжкові видання українських братств у культурі слов’янських
народів Габсбурзької імперії
We can speak about the evolving of the Ukrainian elite and
its special activities also international contacts in the
17th cent. According to great findings of passed academician
Y. Isaievich, the brotherhoods (Confraternities) were
enlightened civil organizations and their activity in the
field of the book-printing (not only, but we must be limited
on it due to the frameworks of the paper) – it was the
evolving the national Ukrainian culture representing by
national elite. This enlightened elite provided the national
awakening of the others as of the Serbs, too. Living in the
Hungarian Kingdom, the Serbs could use their Slavic language
in local administration and Church Slavonic in the liturgy
which was denied on the Balkans. Neither the Turkish rulers
nor the Greek Church elite permitted any way of neither the
Serbian national service nor the keeping their Slavic
national heritage. Moving to Hungary, Serbs had chances to
contact the East Slavic cultural centers and these were
Ukrainian but not Russian. The Tsarist Empire interfered into
the things of Balkan peoples since the last quarter of the
18th cent., after the dividing of Poland. Before this the
Serbian-Ukrainian contacts were strong, which was reflected
by the book-import. Thus the findings of the author on the
recent book-collections held in Hungary contribute new data
to the international role of the Ukrainian elite even in the
time it was burn
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