Relación existente entre la gestión hotelera y compromiso medioambiental en los hoteles del distrito de Piura - 2010

La siguiente tesis tiene como fuente de estudio a los establecimientos de hospedaje clasificados y categorizados por la DIRCETUR Piura, es decir, los hoteles para el cual ha sido necesario aplicar un cuestionario con escalas de medición cuantitativa y cualitativa los cuales fueron enunciados extraído del Manual de Buenas Prácticas Ambientales del MINCETUR, además de aplicar la técnica de la observación participativa e individual. Por tener un tipo de diseño transeccional correlacional, solo fue necesario realizar en un solo momento la recolección de los datos. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue relacionar directamente la gestión hotelera con el compromiso medioambiental, pues los resultados obtenidos afirman que se establece una relación, para ello no se aplicó fórmula alguna. Las gestiones desarrolladas en los hoteles se considera de buen nivel, aunque más enfocada al aspecto de calidad pero no dejando de la lado el cuidado del medioambiente. el cual es un tema que hay que mejorar

Multiple QTLs linked to agro-morphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance in potato.

Dissection of the genetic architecture of adaptation and abiotic stress-related traits is highly desirable for developing drought-tolerant potatoes and enhancing the resilience of existing cultivars, particularly as agricultural production in rain-fed areas may be reduced by up to 50 % by 2020. The “DMDD” potato progeny was developed at International Potato Center (CIP) by crossing the sequenced double monoploid line DM and a diploid cultivar of the Solanum tuberosum diploid Andigenum Goniocalyx group. Recently, a high-density integrated genetic map based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), diversity array technology (DArT), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was also made available for this population. Two trials were conducted, in greenhouse and field, for drought tolerance with two treatments each, well-watered and terminal drought, in which watering was suspended 60 days after planting. The DMDD population was evaluated for agro-morphological and physiological traits before and after initiation of stress, at multiple time points. Two dense parental genetic maps were constructed using published genotypic data, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified 45 genomic regions associated with nine traits in well-watered and terminal drought treatments and 26 potentially associated with drought stress. In this study, the strong influence of environmental factors besides water shortage on the expression of traits and QTLs reflects the multigenic control of traits related to drought tolerance. This is the first study to our knowledge in potato identifying QTLs for drought-related traits in field and greenhouse trials, giving new insights into genetic architecture of drought-related traits. Many of the QTLs identified have the potential to be used in potato breeding programs for enhanced drought tolerance

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Proposal to optimize the production process in a bakery company applying lean manufacturing

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo presentar una propuesta de mejora para optimizar el proceso de producción en una empresa Panificadora aplicando la herramienta del Lean Manufacturing, lo cual permite mejorar el desempeño del proceso productivo y de los procesos. Para ello se realizará un análisis de la problemática y las posibles causas para tomar como base de la mejora continua que se propondrá incrementando productividad y rentabilidad. Luego del proceso de análisis se han identificado los siguientes problemas: ausencia de una adecuada asignación del personal, ausencia de un adecuado programa de mantenimiento, ausencia de una adecuada distribución de planta, ausencia de personal calificado y ausencia de un adecuado control e insumos, lo cual impide el cumplimiento del programa de producción. La presente tesis está conformada por tres capítulos los que en su conjunto permiten definir claramente la problemática, la propuesta de solución, la evaluación económica de la propuesta de solución y las conclusiones y recomendaciones. Finalmente, la presente tesis puede utilizarse como base para futuras investigaciones en la mejora del proceso de gestión de la producción, sin embargo, se debe evaluar las variables independientes en cada caso, en particular, ya que la presente tesis se limita al análisis del proceso productivo de la empresa Panificadora.The objective of this research is to present an improvement proposal to optimize the production process in a bakery company by applying the Lean Manufacturing tool, which allows improving the performance of the production process and processes. For this, an analysis of the problem and possible causes will be carried out to take as a basis for continuous improvement that will be proposed by increasing productivity and profitability. After the analysis process, the following problems have been identified: absence of an adequate personnel assignment, absence of an adequate maintenance program, absence of an adequate plant distribution, absence of qualified personnel, and absence of adequate control and supplies, which which prevents the fulfillment of the production program. This thesis is made up of three chapters, which together allow a clear definition of the problem, the solution proposal, the economic evaluation of the solution proposal and the conclusions and recommendations. Finally, this thesis can be used as a basis for future research in the improvement of the production management process, however, the independent variables must be evaluated in each case, in particular, since this thesis is limited to the analysis of the process production of the bakery company.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Long-term demography and stem productivity of Everglades mangrove forests (Florida, USA): Resistance to hurricane disturbance.

Mangrove wetlands along coastal regions in neotropical northern latitudes are exposed to frequent hurricanes and therefore depend on resistant and resilient attributes to persist after these extreme events. However, few long-term studies have documented mangrove forest dynamics following hurricane disturbance to determine how species-specific phenotypic plasticity, species range shifts, and environmental stress interact to determine recovery trajectories. We present here a comprehensive analysis of Hurricane Wilma’s (hereafter, “Wilma”) impact (category 3, October 2005) on mangrove forest demography and aboveground net productivity in the Everglades, Florida (USA). We determined spatiotemporal patterns over a 15-year period (5 pre- and 10 post-Wilma) in three impacted sites on a productivity gradient along the Shark River Estuary. Hurricane resistance was evident in the low cumulative tree mortality and long-term recovery from defoliation (∼10 years). Aboveground standing carbon stocks were not significantly reduced, as mortality ranged only from 3 to 10%. A negative linear relationship between Leaf Net Primary Productivity (NPPL) and foliar residence time along the estuary shows that an increase in foliar production results in shorter residence time, which is defined by the interannual variation in NPPL rates and recovery periods across sites. We propose this relationship as a proxy of canopy recovery in latitudinal comparative studies across mangrove ecotypes and coastal settings. This work advances ecological disturbance theory and ecological modeling of mangrove forests; specifically, we provide quantitative relationships among structural properties and dynamic processes to validate agent-based demographic and biogeochemical models to forecast the impact of natural and human disturbances on mangrove wetlands under climate change

Assessment of Everglades mangrove forest resilience: Implications for above-ground net primary productivity and carbon dynamics

We evaluated mangrove forest resilience in the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) by analyzing long-term (2001–2014) spatial and temporal patterns of litterfall net primary productivity (NPPL), including the impact and recovery from two natural disturbance events: Hurricane Wilma (October-2005) and a cold snap (January-2010). Specifically, we tested whether the disturbance driven recovery trajectory of mangrove forests (i.e. recovery duration and rate) depends on the disturbance impact magnitude and initial forest structure in three study sites. Hurricane Wilma caused canopy defoliation at all sites and was a function of the wind-field strength such that higher wind speeds at the SRS-6 site (30–40 m s−1) induced greatest defoliation (4.7 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). Disturbance magnitude (decrease in NPPL from 2005 to 2006) was higher in SRS-6 (7.8 Mg C ha−1 yr−1), followed by SRS-4 (5.7 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) and SRS-5 (5.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). We observed differential NPPL recovery times among sites and species, where sites SRS-5 and SRS-6 returned to pre-Wilma NPPL rates by 2010 while SRS-4 has not yet fully recovered. In contrast, the cold snap had significant disturbance impact, yet recovery occurred within one month across all sites. We conclude that differential resilience to Hurricane Wilma was a result of a synergy of local changes in hydrology, salinity and storm impact. The long-term ability of subtropical mangroves to recover to pre-disturbance production rates within a short period (\u3c5 years) demonstrates their resilience capacity in cases where massive defoliation occurs as result of natural disturbances

Factors associated with discirculatory encephalopathy

La encefalopatía discirculatoria es una enfermedad neurológica crónica lentamente progresiva causada por la disminución del flujo sanguíneo y oxígeno al tejido cerebral. Su clínica es diversa, sin embargo, existen casos asintomáticos o con leve deterioro cognitivo. Su diagnóstico es multidisciplinario al igual que su tratamiento ya que se evalúa y trata el origen o afección subyacente del desarrollo de la patología. Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados en encefalopatía discirculatoria. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa en bases de datos científicas como Yandex, Pubmed y Scimago Journal &amp; Country Rank (SJR); donde se recopilaron los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión como revisiones bibliográficas, meta-análisis, casos y cohortes, ensayos clínicos, artículos con una antigüedad de 6 años en idioma inglés, español y ruso. Conclusión. La encefalopatía discirculatoria al ser una enfermedad neurológica compleja progresiva causada por hipoxia isquémica debido a un inadecuado suministro de sangre al cerebro, preocupa al sistema de salud ya que los factores causales y asociados son frecuentemente prevalentes en la ciudadanía como lo es la hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y ateroesclerosis, por lo tanto, su detección y atención precoz es de vital importancia.Dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DD) refers to a chronic progressive form of cerebrovascular pathology, where brain tissue progressively suffers from lack of blood circulation and oxygen supply, associated with diffuse or multifocal brain damage. It presents as a multifactorial pathology. Its clinic is diverse, however, there are asymptomatic cases or with mild cognitive impairment. Its diagnosis is multidisciplinary, as is its treatment, since the origin or underlying condition of the development of the pathology is evaluated and treated. Aim. Determine the associated factors in dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Methodology. A narrative bibliographic review was carried out in scientific databases such as Yandex, Pubmed and Scimago Journal &amp; Country Rank (SJR); where the studies that met the inclusion criteria were collected, such as bibliographic reviews, meta-analyses, cases and cohorts, clinical trials, articles with an age of 6 years in English, Spanish and Russian. Conclusion. Dyscirculatory encephalopathy, being a progressive complex neurological disease caused by ischemic hypoxia due to an inadequate blood supply to the brain, worries the health system since the causal and associated factors are frequently prevalent among citizens, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, therefore, its early detection and attention is of vital importance