Leishmaniose en Equateur : 4. Infestation naturelle du chien par Leishmania panamensis

Dans deux stations de la plaine côtière d'Equateur, région endémique de leishmaniose à #Leishmania panamensis, 34 chiens ont été contrôlés aux plans clinique, sérologique et parasitologique; des tests d'immunofluorescence indirecte et d'électrosynérèse, des ponctions ganglionnaires, des biopsies de lésions ont été pratiqués. De deux chiens présentant des lésions suspectes, un seul avait des lésions de la truffe et du scrotum infectées par des #Leishmania. La souche isolée a été rapportée à #L. panamensis (complexe #L. guyanensis). L'atteinte leishmanienne était strictement tégumentaire. Dans la zone d'étude, le chien semble un hôte accidentel. (Résumé d'auteur

CONOCIMIENTOS DE LOS ESTILOS DE VIDA DE LOS PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO II ASISTIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL SAN JUAN DE DIOS DE PAMPLONA (HSJD). PARA GENERAR UN PLAN DE INTERVENCION EDUCATIVO EN ENFERMERÍA

Con el fin de lograr realizar un aporte al personal de salud acerca del fortalecimiento en la educación de los estilos de vida que deben seguir los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo II para disminuir las complicaciones e ingresos por la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar los estilos de vida de los pacientes que presentan Diabetes Mellitus tipo II. Con el fin de proponer un plan de intervención educativo para el personal de enfermería Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo de corte transversal, con la aplicación del instrumento IMEVID, tabular los datos y con base en esto se proponer un plan educativo como derrotero de acción de enfermería. Conclusión: Basado en el conocimiento de los estilos de vida de los pacientes se con Diabetes Mellitus tipo II Se genero un plan de intervenciones de enfermería con el que se pretende vincular al paciente por medio de la educación de estilos de vida

D-index as a Risk Factor for Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia From a Reference Hematology Center in Bogota

Los pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas son huéspedes susceptibles al desarrollo de hongos invasivos. Infección (IFI), una de las principales complicaciones infecciosas potencialmente mortales que enfrentan estos pacientes. Actualmente, Contamos con estrategias de profilaxis antimicótica y esquemas de tratamiento antimicótico y reconocemos que el principal El factor de riesgo implicado es la neutropenia profunda y prolongada. El índice D y el índice D acumulativo son parámetros cuantitativos, que determinan la magnitud de la neutropenia, en función de la duración y profundidad y su valor se correlaciona con la aparición de IFI. material y métodos Se ingresó a un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes mayores de 18 años con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) entre 2009 y 2019 en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer para inducción, consolidación y rescate quimioterapia. Resultados Se incluyeron un total de 167 pacientes, quienes recibieron 288 ciclos de quimioterapia, estos últimos fueron considerados la unidad de análisis. Se diseñó un modelo de ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas (GEE) para analizar datos; En este modelo se incluyeron tres variables cuantitativas y continuas de interés: edad (años), Dindex y neutropenia profunda (días). Para el índice D de la población, un odds ratio (OR) = 1,000227 (IC del 95 % 1,0002-1,0004); Se obtuvo p < 0,001. Conclusión El índice D se asocia con el desarrollo de IFI en pacientes con LLA, con un aumento exponencial del OR a medida que aumenta el valor absoluto del índice D.Patients with hematologic malignancies are susceptible hosts for the development of invasive fungal infection (IFI), one of the main life-threatening infectious complications faced by these patients. Currently, we have antifungal prophylaxis strategies and antifungal treatment schemes and we recognize that the main risk factor involved is profound and prolonged neutropenia. D-index and cumulative D-index are quantitative parameters, which determine the magnitude of neutropenia, as a function of duration and depth and their value correlates with the occurrence of IFI. Material and methods A case-control study in patients older than 18 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was admitted between 2009 and 2019 at the National Cancer Institute for induction, consolidation and salvage chemotherapy. Results A total of 167 patients were included, who received 288 cycles of chemotherapy, the latter were considered the unit of analysis. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was designed to analyze correlated data; three quantitative and continuous variables of interest were included in this model: age (years), Dindex and deep neutropenia (days). For the population D-index, an odds ratio (OR) = 1.000227 (95% CI 1.0002-1.0004); p < 0.001 was obtained. Conclusion D-index is associated with the development of IFI in patients with ALL, with an exponential increase in OR as the absolute value of the D-index increases.Revista Internacional - No indexadaS

El profesor de música como actor de cambio social en proyectos de Estados Unidos, Ecuador, Bolivia y Argentina inspirados en el sistema de orquestas infantiles y juveniles de Venezuela : una aproximación al paradigma relacional de Pierpaolo Donati y el marco morfogenético para el realismo social de Margaret Archer

La presente investigación propone situar al profesor de música como actor de cambio social en contextos de desarrollo en Argentina, Bolivia, Estados Unidos y Ecuador, a través de programas inspirados en El Sistema de Orquestas Infantiles y Juveniles de Venezuela. A partir del paradigma relacional de Pierpaolo Donati y el marco morfogenético para el realismo social de Margaret Archer se busca conocer las experiencias de profesores de música para establecer cómo la relación es la base de los cambios sociales generados en los distintos contextos; argumentando que los bienes relacionales que producen son consecuencia única y directa de la interacción entre sujetos relacionales individuales y colectivos

Bioplaguicida con base en Lecanecillim lecanii para el control de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos Trialeurodes vaporarium.

El artículo presenta el desarrollo de los bioplaguicidas con el aislamiento y la evaluación de microorganismos entomopatógenos, y con la producción, la formulación y la evaluación en campo de estos, también encontramos aspectos del desarrollo del bioplaguicida, la eficacia del bioplaguicida sobre un cultivo de habichuela y la eficacia del bioplaguicida sobre un cultivo de tomate bajo invernadero

Use of a colonoscope for distal duodenal stent placement in patients with malignant obstruction

Background: Stent placement in the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum with a therapeutic gastroscope can be difficult, because of the reach of the endoscope, loop formation in the stomach, and flexibility of the gastroscope. The use of a colonoscope may overcome these problems. Objective: To report our experience with distal duodenal stent placement in 16 patients using a colonoscope. Methods: Multicenter, retrospective series of patients with a malignant obstruction at the level of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum and treated by stent placement using a colonoscope. Main outcome measurements are technical success, ability to eat, complications, and survival. Results: Stent placement was technically feasible in 93% (15/16) of patients. Food intake improved from a median gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) score of 1 (no oral intake) to 3 (soft solids) (p = 0.001). Severe complications were not observed. One patient had persistent obstructive symptoms presumably due to motility problems. Recurrent obstructive symptoms were caused by tissue/tumor ingrowth through the stent mesh [n = 6 (38%)] and stent occlusion by debris [n = 1 (6%)]. Reinterventions included additional stent placement [n = 5 (31%)], gastrojejunostomy [n = 2 (12%)], and endoscopic stent cleansing [n = 1 (6%)]. Median survival was 153 days. Conclusion: Duodenal stent placement can effectively and safely be performed using a colonoscope in patients with an obstruction at the level of the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum. A colonoscope has the advantage that it is long enough and offers good endoscopic stiffness, which avoids looping in the stomach

Persistence within dendritic cells marks an antifungal evasion and dissemination strategy of Aspergillus terreus

Aspergillus terreus is an airborne human fungal pathogen causing life-threatening invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. In contrast to Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus infections are associated with high dissemination rates and poor response to antifungal treatment. Here, we compared the interaction of conidia from both fungal species with MUTZ-3-derived dendritic cells (DCs). After phagocytosis, A. fumigatus conidia rapidly escaped from DCs, whereas A. terreus conidia remained persisting with long-term survival. Escape from DCs was independent from DHN-melanin, as A. terreus conidia expressing wA showed no increased intracellular germination. Within DCs A. terreus conidia were protected from antifungals, whereas A. fumigatus conidia were efficiently cleared. Furthermore, while A. fumigatus conidia triggered expression of DC activation markers such as CD80, CD83, CD54, MHCII and CCR7, persistent A. terreus conidia were significantly less immunogenic. Moreover, DCs confronted with A. terreus conidia neither produced pro-inflammatory nor T-cell stimulating cytokines. However, TNF-α addition resulted in activation of DCs and provoked the expression of migration markers without inactivating intracellular A. terreus conidia. Therefore, persistence within DCs and possibly within other immune cells might contribute to the low response of A. terreus infections to antifungal treatment and could be responsible for its high dissemination rates

Antifungal Testing and High-Throughput Screening of Compound Library against Geomyces destructans, the Etiologic Agent of Geomycosis (WNS) in Bats

Bats in the northeastern U.S. are affected by geomycosis caused by the fungus Geomyces destructans (Gd). This infection is commonly referred to as White Nose Syndrome (WNS). Over a million hibernating bats have died since the fungus was first discovered in 2006 in a cave near Albany, New York. A population viability analysis conducted on little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), one of six bat species infected with Gd, suggests regional extinction of this species within 20 years. The fungus Gd is a psychrophile (“cold loving”), but nothing is known about how it thrives at low temperatures and what pathogenic attributes allow it to infect bats. This study aimed to determine if currently available antifungal drugs and biocides are effective against Gd. We tested five Gd strains for their susceptibility to antifungal drugs and high-throughput screened (HTS) one representative strain with SpectrumPlus compound library containing 1,920 compounds. The results indicated that Gd is susceptible to a number of antifungal drugs at concentrations similar to the susceptibility range of human pathogenic fungi. Strains of Gd were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole. In contrast, very high MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) of flucytosine and echinocandins were needed for growth inhibition, which were suggestive of fungal resistance to these drugs. Of the1,920 compounds in the library, a few caused 50% - to greater than 90% inhibition of Gd growth. A number of azole antifungals, a fungicide, and some biocides caused prominent growth inhibition. Our results could provide a theoretical basis for future strategies aimed at the rehabilitation of most affected bat species and for decontamination of Gd in the cave environment

Epigenetics and the power of art

This review presents an epigenetic view on complex factors leading to development and perception of “genius.” There is increasing evidence which indicates that artistic creativity is influenced by epigenetic processes that act both as targets and mediators of neurotransmitters as well as steroid hormones. Thus, perception and production of art appear to be closely associated with epigenetic contributions to physical and mental health

Leaf morphological differentiation between Quercus robur and Quercus petraea is stable across western European mixed oak stands

© INRA, EDP Sciences 2002Leaf morphology was assessed in nine mixed oak stands (Quercus petraea and Q. robur ) located in eight European countries. Exhaustive sampling was used in an area of each stand where the two species coexisted in approximately equal proportions (about 170 trees/species/stand). Fourteen leaf characters were assessed on each of 5 to10 leaves collected from the upper part of each tree. Three multivariate statistical techniques (CDA, canonical discriminant analysis; PCA, principal component analysis; MCA, multiple correspondence analysis) were used in two different ways: first on the total set of leaves over all stands (global analysis) and second, separately within each stand (local analysis). There was a general agreement of the results among the statistical methods used and between the analyses conducted (global and local). The first synthetic variable derived by each multivariate analysis exhibited a clear and sharp bimodal distribution, with overlapping in the central part. The two modes were interpreted as the two species, and the overlapping region was interpreted as an area where the within-species variations were superimposed. There was no discontinuity in the distribution or no visible evidence of a third mode which would have indicated the existence of a third population composed of trees with intermediate morphologies. Based on petiole length and number of intercalary veins, an "easy to use" discriminant function applicable to a major part of the natural distribution of the species was constructed. Validation on an independent set of trees provided a 98% rate of correct identification. The results were interpreted in the light of earlier reports about extensive hybridization occurring in mixed oak stands. Maternal effects on morphological characters, as well as a lower frequency or fitness of hybrids in comparison with parent species could explain the maintenance of two modes, which might be composed of either pure species or pure species and introgressed forms.Antoine Kremer, Jean Luc Dupouey, J. Douglas Deans, Joan Cottrell, Ulrike Csaikl, Reiner Finkeldey, Santiago Espinel, Jan Jensen, Jochen Kleinschmit, Barbara Van Dam, Alexis Ducousso, Ian Forrest, U. Lopez de Heredia, Andrew J. Lowe, Marcela Tutkova, Robert C. Munro, Sabine Steinhoff and Vincent Badea