The Method of Law and Economics: A Framework to Study the Scarcity, the Traffic and the Market of Human Organs (in Spanish)

The paper engages with the expansion of economic analysis into the social sciences, especially in the realm of legal studies. The paper pays particular attention to the recent use of microeconomic analysis as an explanatory avenue to approach human behavior in conditions of scarcity. In the first part, the paper offers a review of the substantive and methodological assumptions and operations of the field of Law and Economics. In the second part of the paper, the increasing shortage of human organs for transplant is used as an example to illustrate and examine the value, as well as the limitations, of Law and Economics

The State and International Law: A Reading from the Global South

In this essay we re-describe the relationship between international law and the state, reversing the usual imagined directionality of the flow between the two. At its most provocative, our argument is that rather than international law being a creation of the state, making the state is an ongoing project of international law. In the essay, we pay particular attention to the institutionalised project of development in order to illuminate the ways in which international law gives form to, and actualises, states, and then recirculates from a multiplicity of points “within” them

The Teaching of (Another) International Law: Critical Realism and the Question of Agency and Structure

In this article I explore the potential of a critical realist approach to the teaching of international law. Critical realist scholars have advanced a compelling account of the importance of paying attention – in designing educational curricula, delivering materials and classroom interactions – to the close relationship between agency and structure, a relationship that has also come to preoccupy international legal scholars. Recent academic work, especially that developed by critical international legal scholars, has revealed and insisted upon the structural dimension of the international legal order. According to these scholars, this dimension should be taken into account in order to explain and challenge some of the ways in which international law has historically constituted, and continues to constitute, our persistently violent and unequal material and social world at all levels, from international to local spaces, and from collective to individual subjectivities. If the aim is to generate another global order, and another international law, teaching international law today requires us to learn how to negotiate the structure and agency divide. The work of critical realists has the potential to help teachers of international law create a more emancipatory learning experience for their students in order to face this crucial task

The materiality of international law: violence, history and Joe Sacco’s The Great War

Thinking through Joe Sacco’s The Great War (2013) and adopting a materialist approach to the international legal order and its history, this article re-maps both the temporal scope and the actual location of the violence endured in the First World War and calls attention to its ongoing everyday material manifestations

El estado desarrollista: independencia, dependencia y la historia del Sur

En este artículo examino la génesis e importancia del estado desarrollista para nuestro estudio del periodo de la descolonización –el cual tuvo lugar desde mediados de los años 1950 hasta la década de 1970– y, de manera más general, para nuestro entendimiento de la historia del orden global. Tomando como punto de partida la historia –mucho más temprana– de la experiencia latinoamericana con el colonialismo europeo, junto con los retos que trajo consigo su independencia, demuestro que el estado desarrollista que surgió gradualmente en la región vino a definir los límites de lo pensable y lo posible para el resto del mundo poscolonial. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx, en particular, el estado desarrollista probó ser una bestia muy difícil de domesticar en términos de los intereses de los habitantes del Sur, tanto en Latinoamérica como más allá. Atrincherado en el proyecto de la modernidad, muy cercano a la maquinaria institucional de los poderes coloniales, y dependiente de las economías “avanzadas”, el estado desarrollista prometió mucho, y al mismo tiempo terminó comprometiendo demasiado al Sur Global. Esta es una historia que continúa marcando la vida diaria del Sur, y cada vez más, los nuevos “sures” del Norte Global

Vinhetas de Istambul: observando o funcionamento cotidiano do Direito Internacional

VINHETAS DE ISTAMBUL: OBSERVANDO O FUNCIONAMENTO COTIDIANO DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL* ISTANBUL VIGNETTES: OBSERVING THE EVERYDAY OPERATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW  Luis Eslava ** RESUMO: Através de uma série de vinhetas fotográficas da vida cotidiana em Istambul, este artigo explora o Direito Internacional além dos eventos e locais excepcionais frequentemente associados a ele. O artigo desafia o enquadramento do Direito Internacional como um campo estreito de ação e, em vez disso, destaca seu papel expansivo na constituição do nosso mundo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito internacional. Fotografia. Funcionamento cotidiano do direito internacional. Teoria do direito internacional. Antropologia do direito internacional. ABSTRACT: Through a series of photographic vignettes of everyday life in Istanbul, this article explores international law beyond the exceptional events and sites often associated with it. The article challenges international law’s enframing as a narrow field of action and instead highlights its expansive role in the constitution of our world. KEYWORDS: International law. Photography. Everyday operation of international law. International Legal Theory. Anthropology of international law.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. A abertura do direito internacional. A tração do direito internacional. Direito internacional como enquadramento. Conclusões. Referências.* Artigo originalmente publicado na língua inglesa na London Review of International Law, v. 2, n. 1, 2014, p. 3-47. Traduzido para o português por Alessandro Hippler Roque e Gabriel Lee Mac Fadden Santos, revisado por Matheus Gobbato Leichtweis. ** Professor de Direito, Kent Law School, The University of Kent, em Canterbury, no Reino Unido, e Senior Fellow, Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne. Doutor pela University of Melbourne, na Australia. E-mail: [email protected].

The Moving Location of Empire: Indirect Rule, International Law, and the Bantu Educational Kinema Experiment

Between 1935 and 1937, the International Missionary Council conducted the Bantu Educational Kinema Experiment. The objective was to produce silent educational films and screen them to ‘native’ people via mobile cinemas in the British territories in East and Central Africa. Embracing the principle of ‘indirect rule’, and its role in training colonial subjects in economic self-sufficiency and political self-rule, as then advocated by leading colonial figures and the League of Nations, the films strived to capture ‘the native point of view’ through an ‘ethnographic sensitivity’ towards local cultures, concerns and needs. Hoping to educate the natives from ‘within’, they used local actors, familiar locations and pedagogical instructions that were believed to meet the target audience’s cognitive capacity. Though in many respects unsuccessful, the experiment cemented the use of cinema in the late colonial project and, more importantly, embodied the clear move at the time towards a more dynamic and disaggregated, yet perhaps never fully post-imperial, international order. I argue in this article that the Bantu Experiment is thus a telling instance through which to examine both the mobility and multiplicity of late imperial locations and the system of modern international administration that emerged during the interwar period. I suggest that this mobility and multiplicity continue to characterize the workings of today’s international order, indicating the key role that ‘indirect rule’, as a silent principle of international law, still plays in its functioning today