Molecular identification and characterization of haptoglobin in teleosts revealed an important role on fish viral infections

Haptoglobin (Hp) molecule has been cloned and characterized in two marine teleosts (gilthead seabream and European sea bass), obtaining putative proteins of 319 residues encoded by an ORF of 960 bp in both species. However, the matrix of similarity revealed low identities among bony fish species 78.9% (seabream-sea bass), 43% (seabream/seabass-zebrafish) and lower than 20% with sharks and human. The protein sequences showed a signal peptide from the position 1 to 23, a trypsin domain from 47 to 297, and several predicted disulfide bridges and glycosylation sites. The expression of hp transcript levels during ontogeny showed a progressive increase of expression in seabream whilst remained almost unaltered in sea bass. By tissues, this gene was found constitutively expressed with the highest levels on liver in both species. The main results on hp transcript levels showed the up-regulation in gilthead seabream suffering from naturally occurring lymphocystis disease; and the down-regulation and up-regulation after nodavirus infection in the resistant gilthead seabream and the susceptible European sea bass, respectively. These findings demonstrate for the first time an important role of haptoglobin against viral infections, operating differently in two of the most important marine farmed fish species.Postprint3,26

A&P : Revista de Arquitectura y Planeamiento Nº3-4/64

Contiene artículos de diferentes áreas temáticas (Arquitectura – Diseño – Historia – Urbanismo entre otros) Autores: Anibal Moliné, Misha Black, José María Marchetti, Jorge B. Borgato, Héctor H. Elena, Adelaida Arribillaga, John Friedmann, Francis Violich, Florial H. Forni, Adriano Groenewegen, Jorge Enrique HardoyUniversidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas. Escuela de Arquitectura y Planeamient

Inorganic arsenic causes apoptosis cell death and immunotoxicity on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Inorganic arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic pollutants in the water. We have studied their effects on the marine teleost European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at 2 and 10 days of 5 μMofAs2O3 (sub-lethal doses) waterborne exposure. Arsenic accumulates in liver and gill tissues. The expression profile of five genes (bax, blc2, casp3, casp8 and casp9) involved in apoptosis cell death confirmed apoptotic effects in liver, slight changes in gill and no effects in skin according with the histopathology findings. Total IgM level and peroxidase activities were increased at 2 and 10 days, respectively. The bactericidal activity was decreased at 2 days after As exposure. A general decrease of cellular immune activities with significant differences in the case of respiratory burst activity was observed after 2 and 10 days of exposure. This work describes for the first time the effects of As exposure on European sea bass.Versión del editor2,35

Lower IgG somatic hypermutation rates during acute dengue virus infection is compatible with a germinal center-independent B cell response

Reads, clonal groups, and lineages numbers per individual and condition. The table shows the number of raw and used sequences as well as the number of clonotypes and lineages per individual. (XLS 30 kb

A&P : Revista de Arquitectura y Planeamiento Nº5-6/65

Contiene artículos de diferentes áreas temáticas (Arquitectura – Diseño – Historia – Urbanismo entre otros) Autores: Mario Luis Corea, Héctor H. Elena, Mario E. Bonilla, Mauro Kunst, Jorge Vila Ortiz, Fernando Chueca Goitia, Mario C. Robirosa, Constantinos A. Doxiadis, YujnovskyUniversidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas. Escuela de Arquitectura y Planeamient

Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005

BACKGROUND The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Perspectivas de la empresa y la economía mexicana frente a la reestructuración productiva

1 archivo PDF (404 páginas)Este texto se presenta una reflexión de investigadores de la UAM, así como de otras Instituciones de Educación Superior respecto al marco en el que se han desenvuelto las empresas mexicanas en los últimos años, así como del desarrollo en algunos de sus sistemas organizacionales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Mexico Economic policy 1970-1994

The relationship between the error catastrophe, survival of the flattest, and natural selection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The quasispecies model is a general model of evolution that is generally applicable to replication up to high mutation rates. It predicts that at a sufficiently high mutation rate, quasispecies with higher mutational robustness can displace quasispecies with higher replicative capacity, a phenomenon called "survival of the flattest". In some fitness landscapes it also predicts the existence of a maximum mutation rate, called the error threshold, beyond which the quasispecies enters into error catastrophe, losing its genetic information. The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between survival of the flattest and the transition to error catastrophe, as well as the connection between these concepts and natural selection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By means of a very simplified model, we show that the transition to an error catastrophe corresponds to a value of zero for the selective coefficient of the mutant phenotype with respect to the master phenotype, indicating that transition to the error catastrophe is in this case similar to the selection of a more robust species. This correspondence has been confirmed by considering a single-peak landscape in which sequences are grouped with respect to their Hamming distant from the master sequence. When the robustness of a classe is changed by modification of its quality factor, the distribution of the population changes in accordance with the new value of the robustness, although an error catastrophe can be detected at the same values as in the general case. When two quasispecies of different robustness competes with one another, the entry of one of them into error catastrophe causes displacement of the other, because of the greater robustness of the former. Previous works are explicitly reinterpreted in the light of the results obtained in this paper.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The main conclusion of this paper is that the entry into error catastrophe is a specific case of survival of the flattest acting on phenotypes that differ in the trade-off between replicative ability and mutational robustness. In fact, entry into error catastrophe occurs when the mutant phenotype acquires a selective advantage over the master phenotype. As both entry into error catastrophe and survival of the flattest are caused by natural selection when mutation rate is increased, we propose differentiating between them by the level of selection at which natural selection acts. So we propose to consider the transition to error catastrophe as a phenomenon of intra-quasispecies selection, and survival of the flattest as a phenomenon of inter-quasispecies selection.</p

Substrate translocation involves specific lysine residues of the central channel of the conjugative coupling protein TrwB

Conjugative transfer of plasmid R388 requires the coupling protein TrwB for protein and DNA transport, but their molecular role in transport has not been deciphered. We investigated the role of residues protruding into the central channel of the TrwB hexamer by a mutational analysis. Mutations affecting lysine residues K275, K398, and K421, and residue S441, all facing the internal channel, affected transport of both DNA and the relaxase protein in vivo. The ATPase activity of the purified soluble variants was affected significantly in the presence of accessory protein TrwA or DNA, correlating with their behaviour in vivo. Alteration of residues located at the cytoplasmic or the inner membrane interface resulted in lower activity in vivo and in vitro, while variants affecting residues in the central region of the channel showed increased DNA and protein transfer efficiency and higher ATPase activity, especially in the absence of TrwA. In fact, these variants could catalyze DNA transfer in the absence of TrwA under conditions in which the wild-type system was transfer deficient. Our results suggest that protein and DNA molecules have the same molecular requirements for translocation by Type IV secretion systems, with residues at both ends of the TrwB channel controlling the opening?closing mechanism, while residues embedded in the channel would set the pace for substrate translocation (both protein and DNA) in concert with TrwA

Diez años

Es deber de todo jurista, de todo iusfilósofo, de todo ciudadano, bregar por la plena vigencia del derecho y por la observación de las normas. Y no sólo eso; es preciso, además, pensar mentalmente las normas jurídicas y pensarlas luego verbalmente, para que su formulación oral o escrita sean la genuina expresión de lo pensado. La sociedad humana debe responder a la naturaleza racional del hombre en su organización y en su funcionamiento. A su turno, la razón es esclava de sus formas y éstas se nos evidencian cuando la ciencia de la Lógica las pone de manifiesto. Toda ciencia, todo conocimiento, no sólo es adquirido y pensado sino que es comunicado y, en esa expresión, se deben observar también las reglas que nuestra condición humana exige.Dos enclaves de justicia en la Ilíada / Ariel Álvarez Gardiol – El imaginario social y la independencia judicial / Armando S. Andruet (h) – Principio de igualdad. Opciones que plantea la solución de casos / Jorge Augusto Barbará – Derecho y dialéctica / Julio César Castiglione – A propósito del “control de convencionalidad” / Raúl E. Fernández – Aproximaciones al control de logicidad / Olsen A. Ghirardi – Un modelo de juez democrático / Rolando Oscar Guadagna – El derecho ante el enfoque analítico / Ricardo A. Guibourg – Los entimemas forenses y su validez en la fundamentación sentencial / María del Pilar Hiruela de Fernández – El derecho y la feminización del fenómeno laboral / Patricia Elena Messio – Derecho, política y valoraciones / Carlos Enrique Pettoruti – Un test filosófico a la teoría del conflicto de derechos / Marina Andrea Riba – La vigencia de Nimio de Anquín / Luis Roberto Rueda – La declinación del derecho. Ontología. Ontología del derecho / Héctor Hugo Segura – Le dédoublement du sujet: entre sujet juridique et sujet social / Jean-Marc Trigeaud – Los derechos humanos y la actividad jurisdiccional interpretativa / Rodolfo L. Vigo –publishedVersionÁlvarez Gardiol, Ariel. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Andruet (h), Armando S. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Barbará, Jorge Augusto. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Castiglione, Julio César. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Fernández, Raúl E.. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Ghirardi, Olsen A. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Guadagna, Rolando Oscar. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Guibourg, Ricardo A. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Hiruela de Fernández, María del Pilar. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Messio, Patricia Elena. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Pettoruti, Carlos Enrique. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Riba, Marina Andrea. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Rueda, Luis Roberto. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Segura, Héctor Hugo. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Trigeaud, Jean-Marc. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Vigo, Rodolfo L. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina