SMES PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF THE INNOVATION ROLE

Today the business environment is characterized by the globalization of markets, rapid technical developments, the reduction of the life of products and activities, the benefits acquired traditionally are no longer assets on which companies can count for develop. Companies must look for new options to diversify their offerings and markets, which contributes to their growth and development and to finding relevant answers to the question of survival that may threaten its continuity. Our paper aims to clarify the determinants of the success of some companies, especially SMEs, by focusing on the links between innovation and the organizational performance of SMEs. So, the purpose of this paper is to explore and better understanding the effects of organizational innovations, process innovations, product innovations, and marketing innovations on the organizational performance of Moroccan SMEs, based on an empirical study covering 3 SMEs operating in three different sectors

Tourisme et développement durable : le cas du Maroc

Le secteur touristique au Maroc représente aujourd’hui un gisement de croissance économique et de développement urbain, ne serait-ce que par l’ampleur des projets mis en oeuvre depuis quelques années, par le volume des sommes investies et par le poids des emplois créés. Ce papier esquisse ce que doit être la contribution des entreprises touristiques dans le développement durable marocain. Notre approche consiste à déduire son effet à travers une analyse empirique en se focalisant particulièrement sur la contribution des nouvelles entreprises qui sont créées ces dernières années. Le cas de la ville de Marrakech, en tant que pôle touristique marocain, nous paraît constituer un très bon exemple suite aux grands projets touristiques qui ont vu le jour très récemment dans la ville et à l’afflux des investisseurs.Currently the branch of tourism constitutes an important factor of economic growth and urban development in Morocco because of the recent blueprints, the amount of investment and the job creation. This paper outlines the desirable contribution of tourist firms to sustainable development in Morocco. Our approach consists in deducing this effect from an empirical analysis focused on the contribution of firms created during the last years. The city of Marrakech is an example of a center of tourist development that occurred thanks to the huge recent projects and the investment influx in tourism

Understanding entrepreneurial failure of newly created firms in the Moroccan context: a multidimensional and exploratory analysis

The crucial role played by entrepreneurship in the socio-economic development of countries, and the high failure rates of newly-created businesses, which have a negative impact on wealth creation and national social indicators, testify to the relevance of increasing research into entrepreneurial failure. Nevertheless, interest in the subject on the national and international academic scene is relatively recent, at a time when efforts are much more focused on demonstrating models of success.  For this reason, this article is intended as a contribution to highlighting the specific features of this phenomenon in the Moroccan context. So, without seeking to identify causal links, the aim of this article is rather to raise variables in relation to which we could act to improve the survival conditions of newly-created businesses. For this reason, we have taken a holistic approach to our research. Since our main aim is to explore our context, we have chosen the multiple-case method as our methodological approach. Our findings point to twenty factors likely to explain failure, stemming from three levels: the external environment, the company and the entrepreneur. These constitute a guide around which corrective strategies aimed at longevity can be developed.   Keywords: entrepreneurial failure – new founded firms – liability of newness- liability of smallness JEL Classification: M31 Paper Type: Empirical Research  Le rôle crucial de l’entrepreneuriat dans le développement socioéconomique des pays et les taux d’échec élevés qu’enregistrent généralement les entreprises nouvellement créées, ce qui se répercute, ainsi, d’une façon négative sur la richesse créée et les indicateurs sociaux nationaux, témoignent de la pertinence de multiplier les recherches au sujet de l’échec entrepreneurial. Néanmoins, l’intérêt qu’on lui porte dans la scène académique nationale comme à l’international est relativement récent, et ce au moment où les efforts sont concentrés, beaucoup plus, sur la mise en évidente des modèles de succès.  De ce fait, nous inscrivons cet article en contribution dans la mise en évidence des spécificités de ce phénomène dans le contexte marocain. Ainsi, sans chercher à identifier des liens de causalité, l’objectif de cet article reste plutôt de soulever des variables par rapport auxquels on pourrait agir pour améliorer les conditions de survie des entreprises nouvellement créées. De ce fait, nous avons inscrit notre recherche dans une perspective holistique. Étant donné que nous visons principalement l’exploration de notre contexte, nous avons choisi la méthode des cas multiples en tant qu’approche méthodologique. Nos résultats soulèvent vingt facteurs susceptibles d’expliquer l’échec, et qui sont issus de trois niveaux à savoir : l’environnement externe, l’entreprise et l’entrepreneur. Ceux-ci constituent un guide autour duquel des stratégies correctives visant la longévité des entreprises nouvellement créées peuvent être conçues.   Mots clés : échec entrepreneurial – entreprise nouvellement créées – handicap de nouveauté – handicap de petitesse JEL Classification : M31 Type de l’article : Recherche empiriqu

L’ENTREPRENEURIAT VERT : QUELQUES REFLEXIONS POUR UNE EXTENSION DU CONCEPT

The problem of the relationship between the company and the natural environment is presented in the literature as a controversial field, some researchers have not stopped accumulating arguments to prove a positive relationship between the integration of the environment and the company's performance, while others confirm the traditional approach, which considers pollution as a negative externality, the consideration of which has a negative impact on the company's performance. This debate has legitimized the emergence of entrepreneurial design to help overcome the current theoretical controversies, showing that the integration of the natural environment is a risky business, whose results are uncertain, which requires an entrepreneurial process. In this sense we have built our research object to extend the concept of green entrepreneurship to overcome some limitations of the existing theoretical framework. The entrepreneurial conception of the natural environment has allowed us to propose a continuum that illustrates the different levels of integration of the natural environment through the company's ability to trigger and succeed in a green entrepreneurial process

A Case Study of Intrapreneurship Initiatives in Moroccan Family Businesses

This study explores the role of organizational aspects of intrapreneurship in family businesses in Morocco, focusing on corporate culture, business policies and practices, and organizational structures. The results highlight their importance in fostering intrapreneurship. Through a case study involving five participants, conducted within a family business characterized by a propensity for innovation and strong support for entrepreneurship, the importance of a corporate culture that encourages creativity and risk-taking, policies and practices that foster intrapreneurship, and organizational structures that facilitate collaboration and communication, is highlighted. These results indicate significant implications for Moroccan family businesses wishing to promote intrapreneurship, highlighting the need to put in place policies and practices supporting innovation and fostering a corporate culture valuing creativity and risk-taking

LA DEMARCHE RSE DANS LES ENTREPRISES FAMILIALES: VERS UN ACCOMPAGNEMENT PARTICULIER

Today, with the growing awareness of the corporate world of social, environmental and societal issues, a need for accompaniment is being expressed more and more. Yet, there is little academic theorization about how these advisers intervene, or need to intervene. And when it exists, it considers companies as a homogeneous whole, and even those who realize the heterogeneity of the business world, it is satisfied with the distinction based on size: large company, SME. However, to our knowledge, rare, even non-existent, are the work that call the accompanying persons to integrate in their approach to accompany the particularism of family businesses. In this sense, our objective in this paper is to provide some recommendations that we deem necessary in any intervention of accompaniment in CSR approach in the context of family businesses

L’ impact de covid-19 et les mesures de résilience pour la relance de l’économie nationale

Le présent article a pour objectif de mieux cerner et comprendre les retombées de la crise sanitaire COVID-19 sur l’économie nationale, sur la base d'une analyse descriptive à travers 5 approches fondamentales afin d’en proposer un plan stratégique de résilience pour la relance de l’économie et la performance des entreprises dans une perspective de transformation innovante de notre économie. Le plan stratégique de résilience économique et organisationnelle proposé dans ce papier s’attache à formuler des propositions pour répondre de façon urgente et efficace à cette double crise économique et sociale. Ce plan est donc global à l’image des crises actuelles mais les mesures proposées se veulent concrètes et spécifiques visant à accélérer la transition vers un écosystème sain et durable

THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE COMPANY: FROM THE MANAGEMENT OF THE STAKEHOLDERS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PARADOXES

Since the publication of the Brundtland report "Our Common Future" in 1987, researchers in management sciences, particularly those in the business and society field, wanted to propose conceptions reconciling the environment, the social and the company performance. Therefore, the theoretical and empirical researches were much oriented towards promoting the idea of a possible convergence between the three dimensions of sustainable development. The stakeholder theory through its normative and instrumental dimensions was in the most this work the theoretical "shelter" to legitimate and defend this thesis. However, unlike displayed wishes, sustainability complexity emerges and imposes itself progressively. Especially after the year 2010, empirical researches recognize, increasingly, the existence of contradictions, tensions and paradox related to the corporate sustainability. This paradoxical aspect of sustainability is usually hidden in the line of traditional research. A position that needs to be revisited. In our view, this position is explained by the extensive researchers use of the stakeholder theory, the foundations of which are silent, or at least do not adequately treat the obvious opposition of the interests of stakeholders. To help fill this gap, this theoretical communication, is part of a conceptual movement "paradoxical" already underway and proposes a conceptual shift to the paradox theory as a promising new theoretical perspective for understanding the corporate sustainability. By relying on the limits of the conceptual framework provided by the stakeholder theory

Le Choix des modes de financement des start- ups marocaines innovantes : Une étude exploratoire

In a global scene driven by fast-paced digital transformation and growing globalization, startups are emerging as key contributors to economic development and innovation. In Morocco, the vibrant activity of innovative startups is essential for driving economic growth, enhancing social inclusion, and establishing the nation’s presence in the global tech scene. Startups are crucial for increasing national income and job creation, playing a significant role both economically and socially. Morocco’s entrepreneurial ecosystem is expanding, with new startups emerging across various sectors, all aiming to secure a foothold in the market. However, starting a business is fraught with challenges, particularly when it comes to financing. Entrepreneurs face many obstacles from the outset, often hindering their progress without proper financial support and strategic financial management, which are essential to a company's sustainability and growth. Financing start-ups is a complex and multi-faceted challenge, involving a wide range of stakeholders and funding options, from traditional to alternative mechanisms. Each funding method offers its own set of benefits and limitations, and the optimal choice depends on a variety of contextual and market-specific factors, including those particular to Morocco. The spectrum of funding sources reflects the diverse needs of startups at different stages of their development. Thus, the funding decision for innovative startups is of particular relevance in the Moroccan context. This research seeks to address the key question: “How to identify the most appropriate mode of financing for innovative Moroccan start-ups?”. Our aim is to explore the different financing options available in Morocco, assess their accessibility and determine their suitability for the specific needs of startups. In order to understand the financing choice mechanism for these young companies, we have relied on the contributions of a relevant economic and managerial theory, namely managerial choice theory, providing us an alternative to pecking order theory, which suggests that corporate financing decisions are influenced by variables linked to the preferences and characteristics of the owner-managers themselves. It emphasizes that financing decisions are not based purely on traditional economic considerations or factors, but are often guided by contextual considerations and strongly influenced by personal objectives such as risk aversion, past experiences and the personal ambitions of managers. By using this theory, this study will identify key criteria for optimal choice of financing in the Moroccan context. Our methodology employs an exploratory empirical approach based on qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews with five entrepreneurs at the Marrakech Innovation City. For data analysis, manual content analysis was adopted, supplemented by linguistic analysis using the Tropes software to enhance our understanding of the interviewee’s perspectives. This dual methodological approach enables a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of startup financing dynamics in Morocco. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the financing paths and practices of Moroccan startups, highlighting key success factors and challenges. They will help entrepreneurs make strategic financing decisions, equipping them with the essential knowledge to choose the best financing options adapted to their specific needs and context. Key words: Entrepreneurial financing, start-ups, financing choices, financial decisions, innovation.Les start-ups remplissent un rôle très important tant sur le plan social qu'économique, en raison de leur contribution à la croissance du revenu national et à la création d'emplois. En effet, le lancement d'une start-up est une aventure remplie d'obstacles, dont l'un concerne le financement. Pour survivre, ces entités nécessitent un financement adéquat et un soutien continu. La décision financière est une composante essentielle de la gestion de l'entreprise, dans la mesure où les choix effectués aujourd'hui conditionnent son développement futur. Toutefois, afin d'apporter un éclairage sur ce sujet, une étude qualitative exploratoire a été menée par le biais d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès de cinq startapeurs basés à la Cité d'Innovation de Marrakech, dans le but de répondre à la question suivante : Comment déterminer le mode de financement le plus adéquat aux start-ups marocaines innovantes ?  Mots clés : Financement entrepreneurial, start-up, choix de financement, décision financière, innovation