Analysis of Hannover Experiments on Countercurrent Flow in the Fuel Element Top Nozzle Area

Analysis of Hannover experiments on counter-current flow in the fuel element top nozzle are

Analysis of Experiments Performed at the University of Hanover with RELAP5/MOD2 and CATHARE Codes on Fluid Dynamic Effects in the Fuel Element Top Nozzle Area during Refilling and Reflooding

Abstract not availableNA-NOT AVAILABL

Design, fabrication and integration of a palladium-based ultra-low power MEMS hydrogen sensor

We designed, fabricated and integrated an ultra-low power MEMS hydrogen (H2) sensor performing high dynamics together with high sensitivity up to the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), i.e. 4 % vol. H2 in dry air. The architecture consists of Al clamped-clamped beams (700 nm-thick, 800 μm-total width, 140 or 240 μm-length) with both ends made of a Pd/Al bimorph (200/700 nm-thick) on a quarter of its length, acting as actuators, released above a split-bottom electrode. The initial stress defines the initial deflection of the structure while the Pd-hydriding induces compressive stress variation in the Pd actuator layer and therefore the membrane deflection. A capacitive transduction is used to continuously measure the gap variation due to the H2 absorption and hydriding kinetic. Results show a fast response time of less than 5 s for an effective concentration of about 0.2 % vol. H2 in dry air or N2 mixture, with no cross sensitivity. The MEMS transducer has been encapsulated in a TO-5 package and interfaced with an AD774x capacitance-to-digital converter. The full sensing system, including a CC253x microcontroller, is finally placed in a 4-Series housing, with a POREX® microporous membrane as humidity and small particles filter