5,238 research outputs found
Quantum cosmology and the accelerated Universe
The quantized Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model minimally
coupled to a free massless scalar field is studied and interpreted in the
Bohm-de Broglie framework. We analyze the quantum bohmian trajectories
corresponding to a certain class of gaussian packets, solutions of the
Wheeler-DeWitt equation. We show that these bohmian trajectories undergo an
accelerated expansion in the middle of its evolution due to the presence of
quantum cosmological effects in this period. It is shown that the
luminosity-redshift relation in the quantum cosmological model can be made
close to the corresponding relation coming from the classical model suplemented
by a cosmological constant, for . In this way we have the posibility of
interpreting the present observations of high redshift supernovae as the
consequence of a quantum cosmological effect.Comment: Talk given at X Marcell Grossmann Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, 2003.
Added references and some minor typos correction
Dilepton production at HADES: theoretical predictions
Dileptons represent a unique probe for nuclear matter under extreme
conditions reached in heavy-ion collisions. They allow to study meson
properties, like mass and decay width, at various density and temperature
regimes. Present days models allow generally a good description of dilepton
spectra in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision. For the energy regime of a
few GeV/nucleon, important discrepancies between theory and experiment, known
as the DLS puzzle, have been observed. Various models, including the one
developed by the T\"{u}bingen group, have tried to address this problem, but
have proven only partially successful. High precision spectra of dilepton
emission in heavy-ion reactions at 1 and 2 GeV/nucleon will be released in the
near future by the HADES Collaboration at GSI. Here we present the predictions
for dilepton spectra in C+C reactions at 1 and 2 GeV/nucleon and investigate up
to what degree possible scenarios for the in-medium modification of vector
mesons properties are accessible by the HADES experiment.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures; submitted to Phys.Lett.
Low mass dimuons within a hybrid approach
We analyse dilepton emission from hot and dense hadronic matter using a
hybrid approach based on the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics
(UrQMD) transport model with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage for the
description of heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies. Focusing on the
enhancement with respect to the contribution from long-lived hadron decays
after freeze-out observed at the SPS in the low mass region of the dilepton
spectra (often referred to as "the excess"), the relative importance of the
emission from the equilibrium and the non-equilibrium stages is discussed.Comment: Proceedings of Hot Quarks 2010, 21-26 June 2010 Las Londe Les Maures;
v2: Corrected typos and added a commen
A phylogenomic perspective on the radiation of ray-finned fishes based upon targeted sequencing of ultraconserved elements
Ray-finned fishes constitute the dominant radiation of vertebrates with over
30,000 species. Although molecular phylogenetics has begun to disentangle major
evolutionary relationships within this vast section of the Tree of Life, there
is no widely available approach for efficiently collecting phylogenomic data
within fishes, leaving much of the enormous potential of massively parallel
sequencing technologies for resolving major radiations in ray-finned fishes
unrealized. Here, we provide a genomic perspective on longstanding questions
regarding the diversification of major groups of ray-finned fishes through
targeted enrichment of ultraconserved nuclear DNA elements (UCEs) and their
flanking sequence. Our workflow efficiently and economically generates data
sets that are orders of magnitude larger than those produced by traditional
approaches and is well-suited to working with museum specimens. Analysis of the
UCE data set recovers a well-supported phylogeny at both shallow and deep
time-scales that supports a monophyletic relationship between Amia and
Lepisosteus (Holostei) and reveals elopomorphs and then osteoglossomorphs to be
the earliest diverging teleost lineages. Divergence time estimation based upon
14 fossil calibrations reveals that crown teleosts appeared ~270 Ma at the end
of the Permian and that elopomorphs, osteoglossomorphs, ostarioclupeomorphs,
and euteleosts diverged from one another by 205 Ma during the Triassic. Our
approach additionally reveals that sequence capture of UCE regions and their
flanking sequence offers enormous potential for resolving phylogenetic
relationships within ray-finned fishes
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