Glutaraldehidin kazara epidural uygulanmasının ağır komplikasyonu

Epidural anestezi altında sol femoropopliteal bypass uygulanan hastaya ameliyat sonrası altıncı saatte epidural kateter yoluyla kazara 3 ml %3 glutaraldehid solüsyonu uygulandı. Glutaraldehid uygulamasını takiben hastada hipotansiyon, taşikardi, bulantı ve kusma gibi sistemik semptomlara ek olarak parapleji gelişti. Bir yıllık medikal tedavi ve rehabilitasyon programı sonunda nörolojik semptomlarda iyileşme olmadı.In a patient operated for left femoropopliteal bypass under epidural anesthesia, 3 ml of 3% glutaraldehyde solution was administered through the epidural catheter at the postoperative sixth hour accidentally. Following glutaraldehyde administration, the patient developed paraplegia in addition to systemic symptoms such as hypotension, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting. At the end of the first year, neurologic symptoms didn't improve despite medical treatment and rehabilitation program

A complication of venous cut-down: Migration of catheter that remained in the vein

Amiyotrofik lateral skleroz tanısıyla takip edilen, parenteral besleme ve tıbbi tedavi amacıyla sol kolda sefalik vene cut-down yaklaşımıyla santral kateterizasyon uygulanan 32 yaşındaki bir erkek hastada, gerekli tedavilerin tamamlanmasından sonra kateterin çekilmesi aşamasında kateter koparak büyük bir kısmı hastanın venöz yapıları içinde kaldı. Posterior-anterior akciğer grafisinde yeri bulunan kateter, subklaviyan venden yapılan venotomi ile çıkarıldı.A 32-year-old male patient who was followed-up with a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was inserted a catheter into the left arm via cephalic vein cut-down in order to maintain parenteral nutrition and medical treatment. After the treatment, while the catheter was being removed, it was broken and a large part of it remained in the vessel. The catheter was located on a posteroanterior chest radiograph and removed by venotomy of the subclavian vein

The evaluation of arterial and venous grafts with intraoperative flowmeter techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting operations

Amaç: Çalışmada, koroner arter cerrahisinde kullanılan greftlerin intraoperatif Transit Time Akım Ölçüm (TTFM) Cihazı ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Koroner arter bypass greft (CABG) operasyonu uygulanan 59 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Sol internal mammaryan arter (LİMA) ve safen ven greft olarak çıkartılarak koroner bypass anastomozları gerçekleştirildi. Kardiyopulmoner bypasstan çıkıldıktan sonra Transit Time Flow Meter cihazı ile her bir greften geçen akım miktarı mililitre/dakika olarak, akım eğrisi eş zamanlı olarak ve greftin pulsatilite indeksi (PI) ve diyastolik doluş yüzdesi (%DF) otomatik olarak ölçüldü. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama greft sayısı 3.25±0.8 idi. Toplam 187 greftte Transit Time Flow Ölçümü yapıldı. En yüksek ortalama akım 55.5 ml/dk ile aorta-RCA sistemde saptanırken en düşük ortalama akım ise 37.6 ml/dk ile aorta-diagonal sistemde ölçüldü. İki hastada toplam 2 greftte (%3.38) akımda yetersizlik saptandı. Sonuç: Transit Time Flow Ölçümü (TTFM), cerrahi esnasındaki teknik yetersizliklerin saptanmasında önemli katkıları olan bir yöntemdir. Perioperatif olarak greft yetersizliğinin saptanması ile küçük girişimlerle, genellikle hatanın düzeltilmesi ve yeterli greft akımının sağlanması mümkün olabilmektedir.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coronary artery bypass grafts with Transit Time Flowmeter (TTFM). Material and Methods: Fifty-nine patients who were scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were included in the study. Coronary artery bypass anastomoses were performed using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and saphenous vein. At the end of the cardiopulmonary bypass, graft flow (ml/min), pulsatility index (PI), flow curve and diastolic filling percentage (DF%) of each graft were assessed with TTFM. Results: Mean graft number of the patients was 3.25±0.8. We assessed the patency of a total of 187 grafts using TTFM. Highest mean flow was 55.5 ml/min in aorta-RCA grafts and lowest mean flow was 37.6 ml/min in aorta-diagonal grafts. Revision was required for two grafts (3.38%) in two patients based on inadequate TTFM findings. Conclusion: Transit time flowmeter is an important technique that provides the detection of technical errors during surgery. With the detection of graft failure intraoperatively, revision of the graft and restoration of blood flow could be performed

The relationship between preoperative plasma total antioxidant capacity and ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

Amaç: Miyokardiyumda iskemi-reperfüzyon sırasında oluşan hasarın oksidatif stresten kaynaklandığı ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bazal total antioksidan kapasite (TAOK) düzeyinin iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına olan etkisi incelendi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Koroner bypass ameliyatı uygulanan 21 hastanın koroner sinüslerinden koroner bypass başlamadan önce (bazal durum), iskemi sonunda, çapraz klemp kaldırıldıktan beş dakika sonra (erken reperfüzyon) ve yan klemp kaldırıldıktan 15 dakika sonra (geç reperfüzyon) kan örnekleri alındı. Total antioksidan kapasite, lipid peroksit (LPO) ve laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) düzeyleri ölçüldü. Hastalar bazal TAOK düzeyine göre iki gruba ayrıldı: TAOK değeri %60'dan düşük bulunan 10 olgu grup I'i (8 erkek, 2 kadın; ort. yaş 57), %60 veya üzeri olan 11 olgu grup II'yi (10 erkek, 1 kadın; ort. yaş 53) oluşturdu. Bulgular: Ameliyat süresince her iki grupta da LDH ve LPO düzeyleri ameliyat döneminde artarken, TAOK düzeylerinin baskılandığı görüldü. Grup I’de LDH ve LPO salınımı grup II’den fazla idi. Ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat süresince TAOK düzeyleri grup I'de grup II'den anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu (ameliyat öncesi, iskemi ve erken reperfüzyon dönemleri için p<0.001, geç reperfüzyon dönemi için p<0.05). Bazal TAOK ile LPO arasında tüm evrelerde, LDH ile geç reperfüzyon döneminde negatif ilişki görüldü. Sonuç: Ameliyat öncesindeki düşük TAOK değerlerinin iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı ve miyokard hasarının şiddetiyle ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varıldı.Objectives: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the occurrence of myocardial injury during ischemia-reperfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basal total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) on ischemiareperfusion injury. Patients and Methods: Blood samples were taken from the coronary sinus of 21 patients prior to coronary bypass (basal), at the end of ischemia, five minutes after the removal of the cross clamp (early reperfusion), and 15 minutes after the removal of the lateral clamp (late reperfusion). The levels of TAOC, lipid peroxide (LPO), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: group I included 10 patients (8 males, 2 females, mean age 57 years) with TAOC &lt;%60 and group II included 11 patients (10 males, 1 female, mean age 53 years) with TAOC .%60. Results: The levels of LDH and LPO increased, while those of TAOC were suppressed in both groups throughout surgery. The levels of LDH and LPO were higher in group I than those of group II. The TOAC levels in group I were invariably and significantly lower than those of group II (for basal, ischemia, early reperfusion periods, p&lt;0.001; late reperfusion, p&lt;0.05). Inverse relationships were found between the basal TOAC and LPO at all the periods, and with LDH in the late reperfusion period. Conclusion: Our data suggest that basal TAOC values may be associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and the degree of ensuing myocardial damage

The role of the abdominopelvic ultrasonography in detecting the occult malignances in patients with lower limb venous thrombosis

Amaç: Derin ven trombozu (DVT) tanısı alan hastalarda rutin abdominopelvik ultrasonografi (APUSG) yapılmasının önemi araştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ocak 1999 - 2004 tarihleri arasında DVT tanısıyla kliniğimize yatırılan 212 olgu (105 erkek, 107 kadın; ort. yaş 55.2±16; dağılım 7-75) çalışmaya alındı. Derin ven trombozu tedavisi gören hastalarda tanı aşamasında abdominopelvik ultrasonografi yapıldı. Bulgular: Derin ven trombozu tanısı konan olgular arasında malignite %9.9 sıklıkta görülürken, en sık jinekolojik (%33.3) ve akciğer (%28.5) maligniteleri saptandı. Bunları gastrointestinal sistem (%14.3), ürolojik sistem, intrakraniyal ve meme (%4.8) kanserleri takip ediyordu. On beş hastada (%7) yatış sırasında malignite tanısı vardı. Altı hastada (%3) ise yatış sırasında APUSG ile yeni jinekolojik malinite tanısı kondu. Malignite saptanan olguların yaş ortalaması 57±10 (35- 72 yıl) ve erkek/kadın oranı 10/11 olarak bulundu. Jinekolojik maligniteler uterus (n=4), over (n=2) ve vulva (n=1) yerleşimliydi. Gastrointestinal sistem malignitelerinin tümü kalın bağırsak yerleşimliydi. Ürolojik malignitelerin ikisi renal (hipernefroma) ve biri prostat kaynaklıydı. Akciğer maligniteleri ise küçük hücreli (n=4) ve epidermoid hücreli kanser (n=2) olarak saptandı. Genç bir kadın hastada ise APUSG’de endometrial kavitede altı haftalık canlı fetus saptandı. Sonuç: Derin ven trombozu tanısı konulan hastalarda APUSG ile kitle saptanması durumunda tedavi planı değişebilmekte, daha önemlisi patoloji erken fark edilebilmekte ve buna yönelik tedaviye de erkenden başlanabilmektedir.Objectives: We assessed the role of routine abdominopelvic ultrasonography (APUSG) in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Patients and Methods: The study included 212 patients (105 men, 107 women; mean age 55.2&plusmn;16 years; range 7 to 75 years) who were treated for DVT between January 1999 and 2004 in Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Medical Faculty of Trakya University. Results: In our study, the incidence of malignancies in these patients was 9.9%, the most common being gynecologic (33.3%) and lung (28.5%) malignancies. Gastrointestinal (14.3%), urological, intracranial, and breast malignancies (4.8%) were less common. Fifteen patients had a malignancy before hospitalization. On admission, a gynecological malignancy was diagnosed in six patients (3%) with APUSG. The mean age of patients with a malignancy was 57&plusmn;10 (35-72 years), with a male to female ratio of 10/11. Gynecological malignancies involved the uterus (n=4), ovary (n=2), and vulva (n=1). All gastrointestinal system malignancies were in the colon. Of urological malignancies, two were of renal localization (hypernephroma) and one was in the prostate gland. Lung malignancies included small cell lung cancer (n=4) and epidermoid cell cancer (n=2). In one young female patient, APUSG showed a six-week fetus in the endometrial cavity. Conclusion: In patients with DVT, detection of a mass with APUSG may alter the treatment plan. More importantly, APUSG may enable early detection of the pathology, and thus, early initiation of the treatment

The Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Atherosclerotic Process of Patients under 50 Years of Age Who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

ABSTRACT Background: To evaluate the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA in the tissues and C. pneumoniae DNA antibodies in the blood samples of patients who underwent CABG surgery. Material and Methods: Fifty-one patients &lt;50 years of age were included in the study, and analyzed in two groups according to the intimal thickness of aorta. C. pneumoniae DNA was evaluated in the tissues collected from the atrium, left internal thoracic artery and ascending aorta of patients. Results: Although, C. pneumoniae DNA was negative in the atrial and left internal thoracic artery tissues of all patients, it was positive in the tissues obtained from the ascending aortas of twelve patients. C. pneumoniae DNA positivity was significantly higher in patients with increased aortic intimal thickness compared to those without increased aortic thickness. Conclusion: The question whether C. pneumoniae is triggering atherosclerosis or is involved as a superinfection could not be clarified

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Edirne experience

Amaç: Çalışan kalpte koroner baypas (off-pump) tekniğiyle ameliyat edilen olguların orta dönem sonuçları değerlendirildi. Çalışma Planı: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 1999-2003 yılları arasında off-pump baypas yapılan 60 olgu (45 erkek, 15 kadın; ort. yaş 62±9.1; dağılım 42-78) alındı. Ameliyatlar aynı cerrah tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Hasta verileri ameliyat ve yoğun bakım kayıtları taranarak elde edildi. Dosyalardaki adres veya telefon numaralarından hastalara ulaşılarak son durumları öğrenildi. Ortalama takip süresi 23.3±14.9 ay (dağılım 1.1-59.4 ay) idi. Bulgular: Hiçbir hastada ameliyat anında miyokard infarktüsü görülmedi. Ameliyat sonrası erken dönemde hiçbir hasta kaybedilmedi, geç dönem mortalite dört hastada (%6.7) görüldü. Beş yıllık sağkalım Kaplan-Meier yaşam analizine göre %66 bulundu. Sonuç: Bulgularımız, çalışan kalpte koroner baypas ameliyatının güvenli ve rahat uygulanabilir bir teknik olduğu yönündedir.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Study Design: The study included 60 patients (45 males 15 females; mean age 62&plusmn;9.1 years; range 42 to 78 years) who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass operation in our clinic between 1999 and 2003. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. Data were collected by review of operation and intensive care unit records. Final status of the patients were inquired by telephone calls. The mean follow-up period was 23.3&plusmn;14.9 months (range 1.1 to 59.4 months). Results: Perioperative myocardial infarction was not detected in any patient. No postoperative mortality occurred in the early period. Late mortality was found in four patients (6.7%). Five-year survival was 66% using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusion: Our results show that off-pump coronary artery bypass can be performed with safety and comfort

Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery – a prospective, controlled, clinical study

BACKGROUND: According to some reports, left hemidiaphragmatic paralysis due to phrenic nerve injury may occur following cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to document the effects on phrenic nerve injury of whole body hypothermia, use of ice-slush around the heart and mammary artery harvesting. METHODS: Electrophysiology of phrenic nerves was studied bilaterally in 78 subjects before and three weeks after cardiac or peripheral vascular surgery. In 49 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and heart valve replacement with moderate hypothermic (mean 28°C) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were performed. In the other 29, CABG with beating heart was performed, or, in several cases, peripheral vascular surgery with normothermia. RESULTS: In all patients, measurements of bilateral phrenic nerve function were within normal limits before surgery. Three weeks after surgery, left phrenic nerve function was absent in five patients in the CPB and hypothermia group (3 in CABG and 2 in valve replacement). No phrenic nerve dysfunction was observed after surgery in the CABG with beating heart (no CPB) or the peripheral vascular groups. Except in the five patients with left phrenic nerve paralysis, mean phrenic nerve conduction latency time (ms) and amplitude (mV) did not differ statistically before and after surgery in either group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that CPB with hypothermia and local ice-slush application around the heart play a role in phrenic nerve injury following cardiac surgery. Furthermore, phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery occurred in 10.2 % of our patients (CABG with CPB plus valve surgery)

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries