Las cooperativas y su relación con los fondos estructurales de la Unión Europea: un estudio de la política de desarrollo rural

At the door of the XXI century, the Agenda 2000 and the agreements reached at the European Council of Berlin opened the possibility for a new design of European policies. The three fundamental aspects discussed were: the reformulation of Structures Policy, the reformulation of Common Agrarian Policy, and the necessary adjustments for the adaptation to the entrance of new members into the European Union, creating for it a specific financial framework for the period 2000-2006. This work shows the evolution and the perspective of the structural financial instruments from the reformation with the objective to achieve greater effectiveness, as well as the necessary assumption of competences and functions on the part of the members States. On the other hand, it discusses the change tendency that implies to fit agriculture inside a wider socio-economic framework. Indeed, the agrarian sector must not be approached in an isolated manner but rather as an economic activity with an important weight in the development of the different European regions, that have to be favoured to attain territorial balance and economic and social cohesion; which implies the fortification of the rural policy to secure this balance as a fundamental pillar of the Common Agrarian Policy. At this context, co-operative businesses play a crucial role as agents involved in the processes of territorial development, not only due to their dynamics as economic actors but also for their contribution to economic and social cohesion.Structural Funds, Community Initiatives, Common Agrarian Policy, Rural Development, Co-operative Business.

Estrategias Didácticas utilizadas por el docente en el desarrollo del contenido Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y su incidencia en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de octavo grado “A” del Colegio Público Dr. Andrés Vega Bolaños, durante el II semestre del 2021

La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar las estrategias didácticas utilizadas por el docente durante el desarrollo del contenido Infecciones de Trasmisión Sexual y su incidencia en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de octavo grado “A” del Colegio Público Dr. Andrés Vega Bolaños, durante el II semestre 2021. Además, tiene un enfoque cualitativo, también es descriptiva y explicativa. La muestra utilizada en esta investigación es no probabilística, fueron específicamente 25 estudiantes del grupo de 8vo grado “A´” del turno vespertino del Colegio Público Dr. Andrés Vega Bolaños; se seleccionó como muestra a la docente que imparte la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales en el grado antes mencionado. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron: entrevista, guía de observación, cuestionario, guía de revisión documental. Dentro de los principales hallazgos y resultados se encontró que la docente utiliza recursos como los videos para el desarrollo del contenido Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, sin embargo, no utiliza ninguna estrategia o actividad que fomente en el estudiante la aplicación de los conocimientos construidos, o donde él sea el eje principal construyendo su aprendizaje y donde interactúe con sus compañeros de forma dinámica en pro de aprender conjuntamente compartiendo sus opiniones. También, se encontró que los estudiantes cometen errores conceptuales, es decir que cofunden algunos conceptos científicos como los Tipos de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, este lo relacionan con las formas de transmisión y con los agentes que las provocan, asimismo confunden los términos VIH-SIDA. Con el presente estudio se determinó que las estrategias utilizadas por la docente son insuficientes para construir aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes ya que, al haber analizado la información proporcionada por los estudiantes en el cuestionario aplicado se encontró que presentan debilidad en su aprendizaje acerca de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual. La presente investigación contiene una propuesta didáctica donde se integran los organizadores como estrategias didácticas que faciliten la construcción de aprendizaje del contenido Infecciones de Transmisión Sexua

Exploratory study of the impact of feedback on the PLE

Un espacio personal de aprendizaje (personal learning environment -PLE) es una nueva forma de aprendizaje que dispone de canales de comunicación basados en las tecnologías de información y comunicaciones para que el estudiante consulte sus dudas con el docente durante el proceso cognitivo. La presente investigación tiene dos propósitos: primero, proveer a los estudiantes con una herramienta de asistencia de aprendizaje que registre el número de consultas, el tiempo de respuesta y la calidad del feedback provisto por el docente y segundo realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre el uso de las herramientas de comunicación virtuales y su impacto en docentes y en el PLE de los estudiantes. Se trabajó un estudio de caso con once estudiantes de último semestre del Programa de Maestría en Educación Superior de la Universidad Tecnológica Oteima en la República de Panamá. Los resultados de dicho estudio demuestran que el tiempo de respuesta y la calidad del feedback del docente cubrieron las expectativas de los estudiantes. Por ende, este tipo de estrategias son positivas para optimizar el PLE. Sin embargo, se reconoce que la muestra del estudio es limitada (n=11), por lo que es necesario ampliar la muestra en otras investigaciones y recoger más datos.A personal learning space (PLE) is a new form of learning that requires communication channels based on information and communications technologies to be used by students in order to inquiry their tutor during their cognitive process. This research has two purposes: first, to provide students with a learning assistance tool that keeps track of the number of queries, response time and quality of feedback provided by the tutor and second to conduct an exploratory study with university students to measure the overall impact on the use of communication tools and teacher - student relationships in the PLE. A case study was conducted with eleven students from last semester of the Master Program in Higher Education of Universidad Technological Oteima in the Republic of Panama. The results of this study showed that the response time and quality of feedback of the tutor fulfilled student’s expectations. Therefore, these strategies are positive to optimize the PLE. However, it is acknowledged by authors that the study sample is limited (n = 11), so it is necessary to extend the sample in other research and collect more data.Grupo FORCE (HUM-386). Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Universidad de Granad

Successful outcomes of a new combined solution of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate and poloxamer 407 for submucosal injection: animal survival study

Background: and study aims Endoscopic resection requires use of submucosal injection. This study was conducted to assess efficacy and impact on early healing of hyaluronic acid combined with chondroitin sulfate and poloxamer 407 (Ziverel) when used as a solution for submucosal injection. Materials: and methods Prospective and comparative study of gastric endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with three groups of two Yorkshire pigs. Six submucosal cushions were created in each animal by injecting 2 mL of Ziverel (Group 1) or succinylated gelatin (SG) (Group 2), enabling 12 EMR in each group. Submucosal cushions were created with Ziverel in Group 3, without resection. Electrosurgery unit settings were the same in all cases. EMR defects and injection sites were marked with clips. The animals were sacrificed 7 days later. EMR specimen size and duration of procedure were recorded. EMR specimens and EMR scars and injection sites were evaluated by a blinded pathologist. Results: We successfully performed 24 EMR (15 en-bloc and 9 piecemeal, without differences between groups 1 and 2). Mean EMR specimen dimensions were significantly larger in Group 1 (median 19 mm, range 6 - 40 vs 16.6 mm, range 5‑25; P = 0.019), without changing the electrocautery unit settings. Blinded histopathologist assessment of EMR specimens showed less fibrosis in the submucosa and a trend to fewer cautery artifacts with Ziverel and did not identify any significant differences in early healing of resection sites. Conclusion: The combination of Ziverel enables EMR and does not negatively affect early healing

Cambios futuros de precipitación y temperatura sobre América Central y el Caribe utilizando proyecciones climáticas de reducción de escala estadística

En la presente investigación se muestra mediante el uso del conjunto de proyecciones climáticas de reducción de escala estadística pertenecientes al NEX-GDDP, los cambios a largo plazo en precipitación y temperatura que ocurrirían en América Central y el Caribe a finales del siglo XXI, esto a través del cálculo de las diferencias de los ensambles de los multi-modelos de los dos escenarios correspondientes a las rutas de concentración representativas (RCP 4.5 y RCP 8.5) con un período de 2070-2099 menos el escenario histórico que abarca de 1970-1999. Vislumbrando como un acelerado aumento en las concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero debido a la dependencia del uso excesivo de combustibles fósiles, traería consigo cambios en esta región, tales como condiciones más secas en países como Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Costa Rica, y de manera contraria condiciones más húmedas en la costa Pacífica de países como Colombia, Ecuador y Perú.The long-term changes in precipitation and temperature that will occur in Central America and the Caribbean at the end of the 21st century are shown using the NEX-GDDP statistical downscaled projections. We used this high resolution dataset to compute the differences between the multi-model ensembles of the two prospective scenarios corresponding to the representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) with a period of 2070-2099 and the retrospective baseline scenario covering 1970-1999. Looking at how accelerated and unprecedented increases in concentrations of greenhouse gases will bring about changes in this region, such as drier conditions in countries like Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and in the other hand wetter conditions in the Pacific coast of countries like Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B7-605]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[805-B6-147]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Físic

Hacia la investigación basada en la evidencia

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Lund H, Brunnhuber K, Juhl C, Robinson K, Leenaars M, Dorch BF, Jamtvedt G, Nortvedt MW, Christensen R, Chalmers I. Towards evidence based research. BMJ. 2016;355:i5440. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i5440Publication date of the original article: October 21, 2016RIGHTS AND EXEMPTIONS FROM RESPONSIBILITIESTranslated with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Lund H, Brunnhuber K, Juhl C, Robinson K, Leenaars M, Dorch BF, Jamtvedt G, Nortvedt MW, Christensen R, Chalmers I. Towards Evidence Based Research, BMJ 2016;355 :i5440 © 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.The original authors have not revised and verified the Spanish translation, and not necessary endorse it.BMJ takes no responsibility for the accuracy of the translation from the published English original and is not liable for any errors which may occur. No responsibility is assumed, and responsibility is hereby disclaimed, by BMJ for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of methods, products, instructions or ideas presented in the original content.KEY MESSAGESEmbarking on research without reviewing systematically what is already known, particularly when the research involves people or animals, is unethical, unscientific, and wastefulA systematic review of relevant evidence can establish whether the proposed research is truly neededSome research funders now require applicants to refer to a systematic review of existing researchResearch waste can also be reduced by efficient production, updating, and dissemination of systematic reviewsARTÍCULO ORIGINALLund H, Brunnhuber K, Juhl C, Robinson K, Leenaars M, Dorch BF, Jamtvedt G, Nortvedt MW, Christensen R, Chalmers I. Towards evidence based research. BMJ. 2016;355:i5440. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i5440Fecha de publicación del artículo original: 21 de octubre de 2016DERECHOS Y EXENCIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDADESTraducido con el permiso de BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Lund H, Brunnhuber K, Juhl C, Robinson K, Leenaars M, Dorch BF, Jamtvedt G, Nortvedt MW, Christensen R, Chalmers I. Towards Evidence Based Research, BMJ 2016;355 :i5440 © 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.Los autores originales no han revisado ni verificado la traducción del manuscrito al español, y no necesariamente están de acuerdo con su contenidoBMJ no se hace responsable de la exactitud de la traducción publicada ni de los errores que pueda contener. No se asume responsabilidad alguna por parte de BMJ por cualquier lesión o daño a personas o propiedad por responsabilidad del producto, negligencia o de otra forma, ni de cualquier uso u operación de métodos, productos, instrucciones o ideas presentadas en el contenido original.MENSAJES CLAVEAventurarse en investigación sin revisar de manera sistemática lo ya conocido, especialmente cuando la investigación implica personas o animales, no es ético, carece de rigor científico y es un desperdicio.Una revisión sistemática de pruebas imparciales (evidencias) relevantes puede determinar si la investigación propuesta es realmente necesaria.Algunos organismos de financiación ahora requieren que los solicitantes hagan referencia a revisiones sistemáticas de investigaciones existentes.El desperdicio en investigación también se puede reducir mediante la producción, actualización y difusión eficientes de revisiones sistemáticas

Mayores niveles de transporte activo se asocian a un menor nivel de adiposidad y menor riesgo de obesidad: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010 = Association of active commuting with obesity: findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010

Background: Active commuting is associated with a lower risk for obesity in developed countries. Aim: To investigate the association between active commuting and obesity risk in Chile. Material and Methods: Active commuting was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2) in 5,293 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were the study outcomes. The association between active commuting and obesity was investigated using linear and logistic regression analysis. Results: Thirty four percent of responders [95% confidence intervals (CI): 32.6-35.1] were passive commuters. Active commuters had a lower BMI and WC than their passive counterparts. Thirty minutes increment in active commuting were associated with a −0.20 kg.m-2 lower BMI [95% CI: −0.33 to −0.07, p < 0.01] and a −076 cm lower WC [95% CI: −1.08 to −0.43, p < 0.01]. The odds of having a BMI > 25 kg.m-2 was 0.93 [95% CI: 0.88 to 0.98, p = 0.01] per every 30 minutes’ increment in active commuting, whereas the odds for central obesity was 0.87 [95% CI: 0.82 to 0.92, p < 0.01]. Conclusions: Active commuting is associated with a lower adiposity and lower risk for obesity in Chilean adults

Factores asociados a inactividad física en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010 = Correlates of physical inactivity: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010

Background: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To identify factors associated with physical inactivity in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Participants from the Chilean Health Survey (5,133 individuals) were included in this study. Physical activity was measured using the Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET. min.week−1 of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of physical inactivity. Results: The main finding of this study were that women (odds ratio (OR): 1.51 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.32-1.72]) were more likely to be inactive compared to men and that older adults were more likely to be inactive than their younger or middle age counterparts (OR: 3.06 [95% CI: 2.45-3.82]). Other correlates of physical inactivity were individuals with obesity (OR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.20-1.70]), diabetes (OR: 1.96 [95% CI: 1.61-2.38]), hypertension (OR: 1.72 [95% CI: 1.50-1.97]), metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.42 [95% IC: 1.18-1.70]), a low education level (OR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.06-1.49]) and higher levels of sedentary behavior (OR: 2.77 [95% CI: 2.36-3.25]). Conclusions: Women, older people and sedentary subjects with chronic non-transmissible conditions are at higher risk of being physically inactive

Students 4 best RED-NuBE : una comunidad de aprendizaje de nutrición basada en la evidencia fundamentada en el trabajo colaborativo en red y de apoyo entre pares

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Synthesis of 1,4-Biphenyl-triazole Derivatives as Possible 17β-HSD1 Inhibitors: An in Silico Study

Triazoles occupy an important position in medicinal chemistry because of their various biological activities. The structural features of 1,2,3-triazoles enable them to act as a bioisostere of different functional groups such as amide, ester, carboxylic acid, and heterocycle, being capable of forming hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions or coordinate metal ions with biological targets. In this work, the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is reported. Overexpression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) is often found in breast cancer cells. Molecular similarity and docking analysis were used to evaluate the potential inhibitory activity of 1,2,3-triazoles synthesized over 17β-HSD1 for the treatment of mammary tumors. Our in silico analysis shows that compounds 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, and 4j are good molecular scaffold candidates as 17β-HSD1 inhibitors