57 research outputs found

    Macro-scale vulnerability assessment of cities using Association Rule Learning

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    International audienceIn this paper, a datamining method based on Association Rule Learning (ARL) is applied to define a vulnerability proxy between the elementary characteristics of buildings and the vulnerability classes of the European Macroseismic Scale EMS98 (Grunthal, 1998). The method was applied to the Grenoble city test-bed described in the first part of this paper. The ARL method is then presented and a vulnerability proxy was derived for a Grenoble city-like environment. The vulnerability proxy is tested in Nice in the third part, a city that has been the subject of a vulnerability study (Spence and Lebrun, 2006). Finally, the damage produced by historic earthquakes was computed, considering the (equivalent) earthquake-era and the present-day urbanization for simulating seismic damage

    Etude de faisabilité d'une startup active dans la distribution de produits alimentaires locaux en entreprise

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    Se sentir chez un maraĂźcher dans sa propre entreprise, voilĂ  le dĂ©fi qui nous a poussĂ© Ă  rĂ©aliser ce travail de bachelor consistant en une Ă©tude de faisabilitĂ©. Cette idĂ©e nous est venue lors d’un cours dispensĂ© Ă  la Haute Ecole de Gestion de GenĂšve (Entrepreneuriat social et dĂ©veloppement durable). Nous avions alors esquisser un projet de livraison de produits locaux en entreprise. Nous Ă©tions trĂšs motivĂ©s et dĂ©sireux de pouvoir approfondir cette idĂ©e et d’estimer sa viabilitĂ©. Nous nous sommes donc intĂ©ressĂ©s aux diffĂ©rents aspects de ce projet et avons rĂ©ussi Ă  formuler une offre : une entreprise active Ă  GenĂšve proposant des distributeurs automatiques de fruits et lĂ©gumes directement installĂ©s en entreprise livrĂ©s deux fois par semaine. Cette idĂ©e n’a encore jamais Ă©tĂ© vue en Suisse et pourrait bien rĂ©volutionner le systĂšme de distribution pour les producteurs locaux. Ce concept s’inscrit dans une dĂ©marche sociale et durable, dans le sens oĂč elle fourni une externalitĂ© sociĂ©tale positive et minimise son impact environnemental (circuit-court). Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes basĂ©s sur huit points qu’un entrepreneur « social » devait aborder pour regarder la cohĂ©rence et la viabilitĂ© de son entreprise : le problĂšme sociĂ©tal auquel nous rĂ©pondons et la solution que nous apportons, la valeur ajoutĂ©e de notre dĂ©marche, notre stratĂ©gie de croissance, le dĂ©veloppement avec d’autre parties-prenantes de la sociĂ©tĂ©, les risques liĂ©s Ă  notre activitĂ© et notre impact sociĂ©tal, notre modĂšle organisationnel, la cohĂ©rence avec les critĂšres d’adhĂ©sion au rĂ©seau APRES-GE et enfin notre modĂšle Ă©conomique. Ces diffĂ©rents points nous ont amenĂ© Ă  avoir une vision Ă  360° sur un projet comme celui-ci. A travers les pages de ce travail de bachelor, le lecteur pourra ainsi voir quels facteurs d’influences peuvent jouer en faveur de notre idĂ©e et quels points la mettent plus en difficultĂ©

    Unsatisfactory outcomes in myasthenia gravis: influence by care providers

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    Myasthenia gravis (MG) can be difficult to treat despite an available therapeutic armamentarium. Our aim was to analyze the factors leading to unsatisfactory outcome (UO). To this end we used the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification system. Forty one patients with autoimmune MG were followed prospectively from January 2003 to December 2007. Outcomes were assessed throughout follow-up and at a final visit. ‘Unchanged', ‘worse', ‘exacerbation' and ‘died of MG' post-intervention status were considered UOs. During follow-up, UO rates reached 54% and were related to undertreatment (41%), poor treatment compliance (23%), infections (23%), and adverse drug effects (13%). The UO rate at final study assessment was 20%. UO during follow-up was significantly (P=0.004) predictive of UOs at final assessment. When care was provided by neuromuscular (NM) specialists, patients had significantly better follow-up scores (P=0.01). At final assessment UO rates were 7% and significantly better in patients treated by NM specialists, compared to other physicians where UO rates reached 27%. UO was a frequent finding occurring in more than half our patients during follow-up. Nearly two-thirds of the UOs could have been prevented by appropriate therapeutic adjustments and improved compliance. The differential UO rates at follow-up, their dependency on the degree to which the management was specialized and their correlation with final outcomes suggest that specialized MG care improves outcome

    Micro-Channel Plate Detectors Based on Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

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    A new type of micro-channel plate detector based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon is proposed which overcomes the fabrication and performance issues of glass or bulk silicon ones. This new type of detectors consists in 80-100 ÎŒm thick layers of amorphous silicon which are micro-machined by deep reactive ion etching to form the channels. This paper focuses on the structure and fabrication process and presents first results obtained with test devices on electron detection which demonstrate amplification effects. Fabrication and performance issues are also discussed

    Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits

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    Mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists that play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition in terrestrial ecosystems. Mycorrhizal symbioses arose repeatedly across multiple lineages of Mucoromycotina, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Considerable variation exists in the capacity of mycorrhizal fungi to acquire carbon from soil organic matter. Here, we present a combined analysis of 135 fungal genomes from 73 saprotrophic, endophytic and pathogenic species, and 62 mycorrhizal species, including 29 new mycorrhizal genomes. This study samples ecologically dominant fungal guilds for which there were previously no symbiotic genomes available, including ectomycorrhizal Russulales, Thelephorales and Cantharellales. Our analyses show that transitions from saprotrophy to symbiosis involve (1) widespread losses of degrading enzymes acting on lignin and cellulose, (2) co-option of genes present in saprotrophic ancestors to fulfill new symbiotic functions, (3) diversification of novel, lineage-specific symbiosis-induced genes, (4) proliferation of transposable elements and (5) divergent genetic innovations underlying the convergent origins of the ectomycorrhizal guild. Mycorrhizal symbioses have evolved repeatedly in diverse fungal lineages. A large phylogenomic analysis sheds light on genomic changes associated with transitions from saprotrophy to symbiosis, including divergent genetic innovations underlying the convergent origins of the ectomycorrhizal guild.Peer reviewe

    Pertinence du bruit de fond sismique pour la caractérisation dynamique et l'aide au diagnostic sismique des structures de génie civil

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    Ambient vibrations are mechanical low amplitude vibrations generated by human and natural activities. By forcing into vibration engineering structures, these vibrations can be used to estimate the structural dynamic characteristics.The goal of this study is to compare building dynamic characteristics derived from ambient vibrations to those derived from more energetic solicitations (e.g. earthquake). This study validates the efficiency of this method and shows that ambient vibrations results can be extrapolated to seismic behavior. Afterwards, this method has been used as a building damage estimate method after seismic events. First we applied this method in laboratory on structural elements (columns and beams) suffering damages. Then, we applied it on real scale buildings which suffered damages after the Boumerdes seismic event (Algeria 21/05/2003, Mw 6.8).Finally, a set of buildings located in Grenoble and Nice was tested. The correlation of the two main dynamic parameters (frequency and damping) gives us informations on the in-situ measured damping origin.These results show that the ambient vibrations method is efficiency for buildings dynamic characteristics estimate and seismic evaluation.Le bruit de fond est une vibration mĂ©canique de faible amplitude gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©e par l'activitĂ© naturelle et humaine. Cette vibration, en sollicitant les structures de gĂ©nie civil, permet d'Ă©tudier leur comportement dynamique.L'objectif de ce travail de thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de comparer les caractĂ©ristiques dynamiques issues de mesures de bruit de fond Ă  des caractĂ©ristiques issues de sollicitations de plus fortes amplitudes (e.g. sĂ©ismes). Cette Ă©tude nous a permis de valider la pertinence de cette mĂ©thode. Nous avons montrĂ© en particulier que les rĂ©sultats sous bruit de fond peuvent ĂȘtre extrapolĂ©s aux rĂ©sultats sous sĂ©ismes.Cette mĂ©thode a ensuite Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e pour tenter d'identifier l'endommagement de structures ayant subi des sĂ©ismes. AprĂšs une premiĂšre application en laboratoire sur des Ă©lĂ©ments de structure (poteaux, poutres) subissant un endommagement contrĂŽlĂ©, nous l'avons appliquĂ©e Ă  des bĂątiments endommagĂ©s par le sĂ©isme de Boumerdes en AlgĂ©rie (21/05/2003, Mw 6.8).Enfin, des bĂątiments grenoblois et niçois ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s par cette mĂ©thode. La corrĂ©lation de deux paramĂštres dynamiques essentiels (frĂ©quence et amortissement) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e pour connaĂźtre l'origine de l'amortissement mesurĂ© par cette mĂ©thode.Ces rĂ©sultats montrent que cette mĂ©thode est efficace et applicable aux structures de gĂ©nie civil pour la caractĂ©risation dynamique et l'aide au diagnostic sismique

    Faire ou ne pas faire ? Une journĂ©e d’étude sur l’enseignement des religions

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    Boespflug François, Dunand Françoise. Faire ou ne pas faire ? Une journĂ©e d’étude sur l’enseignement des religions. In: Revue des sciences sociales de la France de l'Est, N°22, 1995. FidĂ©litĂ©s, infidĂ©litĂ©s. pp. 159-166

    Conclusion

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    Faut-il conclure ? Peut-on conclure ? L’hĂ©sitation est permise, voire recommandĂ©e au-delĂ  de toute rhĂ©torique. Car il est apparu clairement au cours nos Ă©changes, que les cas de figure envisagĂ©s, et la maniĂšre mĂȘme de les aborder, rĂ©vĂ©laient des disparitĂ©s considĂ©rables, selon que l’accent Ă©tait mis sur le contenu mĂȘme de la vision, ou sur la fonction sociale, voire politique, de cette derniĂšre, ou encore sur les visionnaires et la nature de leur expĂ©rience. Eu Ă©gard Ă  l'ampleur du champ cons..

    Le comparatisme et l'histoire des religions

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    International audienc

    Introduction

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    Un volume de colloque a toujours quelque chose de disparate. Celui-ci nous paraĂźt pourtant avoir sa raison d’ĂȘtre, en raison de sa spĂ©cificitĂ©, et de ce que nous croyons ĂȘtre son originalité : il porte, non sur les songes et les visions indistinctement, mais sur les visions ; non sur toutes les visions, quel qu’en soit l’objet, mais sur les visions de Dieu ou des Dieux. La matiĂšre, certes, demeure immense, et peut ĂȘtre abordĂ©e de bien des maniĂšres. Et de fait, les contributions rĂ©unies dans c..
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