6 research outputs found
Endothelial hemostatic markers in type 2 diabetes and without diabetes in patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease
Wstęp. Cukrzyca typu 2 (DM2) jest ważnym czynnikiem ryzyka w miażdżycy tętnic kończyn dolnych (PAD). Zaburzenia metaboliczne w DM2, jak insulinooporność i hiperglikemia, powodują zwiększoną syntezę reaktywnych tlenowych rodników, które, wywołując proces zapalny i dysfunkcję śródbłonka, prowadzą do aterotromobozy. Uszkodzona ściana naczyniowa uwalnia do krwi śródbłonkowe markery hemostazy. Celem badań było oznaczenie śródbłonkowych markerów hemostazy: czynnika tkankowego (TF), jego inhibitora (TFPI), trombomoduliny (TM), czynnika von Willebranda (vWF), tkankowego aktywatora plazminogenu (t-PA) i inhibitora aktywatorów plazminogenu typu 1 (PAI-1) we krwi chorych z DM2 i bez DM2 u pacjentów z zaawansowaną PAD. Materiał i metody. Śródbłonkowe markery hemostazy oznaczono w osoczu krwi 91 pacjentów z zaawansowaną PAD i DM2, w tym 37 kobiet i 54 mężczyzn w wieku 65,2 ± 9,0 lat. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 59 pacjentów z zaawansowaną PAD, ale bez DM2. Obie grupy były w podobnym przedziale wieku i płci, z podobnymi czynnikami ryzyka i w większości współistniejącymi chorobami. Jedynie u pacjentów z DM2 częściej występowała dyslipidemia (p < 0,022). Krew pobierano rano na czczo do 3,2% cytrynianu sodu w proporcji 9:1. Śródbłonkowe markery hemostazy oznaczono metodami immunoenzymatycznymi ELISA przy zastosowaniu komercyjnych zestawów firmy American Diagnostica. Wyniki. Stężenia śródbłonkowych markerów: TF, TFPI, TM, vWF, t-PA i PAI-1 w osoczu pacjentów z PAD i DM2 były podobne jak u pacjentów z PAD, ale bez DM2. Natomiast pacjenci z PAD i DM2 oraz z PAD bez DM2 mieli stężenia TF i vWF istotnie statystycznie wyższe (odpowiednio p < 0,05 i p < 0,0001), a TM niższe (p < 0,001) w porównaniu z grupą referencyjną osób zdrowych. Za różnice były odpowiedzialne: starszy wiek, PAD i proces rewaskularyzacji. Stężenia TFPI, t-PA i PAI-1 były natomiast prawie jednakowe w trzech grupach: z DM2, bez DM2 i w grupie referencyjnej. Wniosek. Współistniejąca DM2 z PAD nie zwiększała uwalniania śródbłonkowych markerów hemostazy, co może potwierdzać pogląd o wspólnej etiologii DM2 i PAD polegającej na tak zwanej dysfunkcji śródbłonka naczyń.Background. Type 2 diabetes (DM2) plays an important role as a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Metabolic abnormalities in DM2, as insulin resistance and hyperglycemia cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which via inflammation and endothelial dysfunction lead to atherothrombosis. The injured arterial wall releases hemostatic endothelial markers. The aim of the study was to determine: tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activators inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in type 2 diabetes and without diabetes in patients with advanced PAD. Material and methods. Endothelial markers were examined in 91 patients with PAD and DM2; 37 women and 54 men — aged 65.2 ± 9.0 years. Control group concluded 59 PAD patients without DM2. Both groups of patients were in similar compartments of sex and age with similar risk factors and coexisting diseases. Only in patients with DM2 more frequently appeared dyslipidemia (p < 0.022). Blood was collected in the morning to 3.2% sodium citrate in proportion 9:1. Endothelial hemostatic markers were determined with enzyme immunoassay ELISA using commercial tests of American Diagnostica. Results. The levels of endothelial markers: TF, TFPI, TM, vWF, t-PA and PAI-1 in patients with PAD and DM2 were similar compared to patients without DM2. But patients with DM2 had the concentration of TF and vWF significant higher (p < 0.005, p < 0.0001) and TM lower (p < 0.001) in comparison with reference group of healthy patients. But levels of TFPI, t-PA and PAI-1 were almost equal in all three groups of patients with DM2, without DM2 and of healthy persons. Conclusion. DM2 coexisting in PAD patients did not change the release of endothelial hemostatic markers from arterial wall. This confirms the view of “endothelial dysfunction” as common etiology of both diseases PAD and DM2.
Wybrane czynniki krzepnięcia we krwi chorych z tętniakami aorty brzusznej
Background: Tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)
present in vascular structures take part in blood coagulation and in organ revascularisation. The concentration of thrombin–antithrombin complexes (TAT) in blood of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) reflects thrombin-generation.
Aim: To determine the concentration of TF, TFPI, VEGF-A and TAT complexes in blood of patients with AAA and to consider
if these factors after clot formation can play a role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Methods: Forty eight patients (43 men and 5 women) in the age of 59–80 (mean 72) years with AAA were examined. The
blood was drawn in the morning to 3.2% natrium citrate in proportion 9:1. The concentration of TF, TFPI, VEGF-A and TAT
complexes were measured in plasma with commercial kits using enzyme immunoassay.
Results: In plasma of patients with AAA the mean concentration of TF was elevated almost twice and TAT complexes were
three times higher compared with controls. But the mean levels of TFPI and VEGF-A were similar as in control group.
Conclusions: Increased concentrations of TF and TAT complexes indicate on high thrombin-generation, hypercoagulability
and formation in abdominal aortic aneurysm of intraluminal thrombus, which can induce proteolytic processes in aortic wall.Wstęp: Czynnik tkankowy (TF), jego inhibitor (TFPI) i naczyniowo-śródbłonkowy czynnik wzrostu A (VEGF-A) są obecne
w strukturach naczyń krwionośnych i biorą udział w procesie krzepnięcia krwi oraz unaczynieniu narządów. Metodą ilustrującą
trombinogenezę jest oznaczanie stężenia kompleksów trombina–antytrombina (TAT).
Cel: Celem pracy była ocena stężenia TF, TFPI, VEGF-A i kompleksów TAT we krwi chorych z tętniakami aorty brzusznej
i próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy czynniki te, odpowiedzialne za wytworzenie przyściennego zakrzepu, mogą uczestniczyć
w patogenezie tętniaków aorty.
Metody: Badaniem objęto 48 pacjentów z tętniakami aorty brzusznej, w tym 43 mężczyzn i 5 kobiet w wieku 59–80 (śr. 72)
lat. Krew do badań pobierano z żyły łokciowej do 3,2-procentowego roztworu cytrynianu sodu w proporcji 9:1. W osoczu
krwi oznaczano stężenia TF, TFPI, VEGF-A i kompleksów TAT metodami immunoenzymatycznymi przy użyciu komercyjnych
zestawów.
Wyniki: W osoczu chorych z tętniakami aorty brzusznej stwierdzono prawie 2-krotnie wyższe średnie stężenia TF i ok.
3-krotnie większe stężenia kompleksów TAT w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Natomiast średnie wartości TFPI i VEGF-A
były podobne jak w grupie kontrolnej.
Wnioski: Podwyższone stężenia TF i kompleksów TAT świadczą o zwiększonej generacji trombiny, nadkrzepliwości krwi
i wytworzeniu w obrębie tętniaków aorty brzusznej przyściennych zakrzepów, prawdopodobnie wywołujących procesy proteolityczne
w ścianie aorty
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a patient with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare disorder infrequently accompanying malignancy, coexisting in ~50% of the cases with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The pathomechanism of PLE is considered to be immune-mediated, with production of specific anti-Hu antibodies and activation of T-cells directed against onconeural antigens present on both tumor cells and neurons. We herein report the case of a 50-year-old male patient who, prior to being diagnosed with SCLC, presented with typical symptoms of PLE (seizures, subacute cognitive dysfunction with severe memory impairment, anxiety and hallucinations). The initial brain magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed mild enlargement and hyperintensity of the hippocampal gyri bilaterally, with narrowed temporal horns of the lateral ventricles; the findings of the cerebrospinal fluid examination were compatible with the diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis. Due to the suspected infectious origin of the disease, treatment with acyclovir and antibiotics was initially applied. However, following subsequent diagnosis of the underlying SCLC and the presence of antineuronal anti-Hu antibodies in the patient's serum, the diagnosis of PLE accompanying extensive-disease (ED) SCLC was confirmed. In addition to the standard cytotoxic therapy, throughout the course of his disease the patient also continued treatment with valproic acid (VPA) as prophylaxis for the initial seizures. VPA is known to be a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor that may reverse epigenetic changes in tumor cells and potentially improve the outcome of cancer patients. The patient succumbed to the disease 25 months after the diagnosis of malignancy; such a long course is observed in only ~5% of patients with ED SCLC. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the accompanying paraneoplasia and treatment with VPA may have improved the outcome in this patient
Irrigation-Induced Changes in Chemical Composition and Quality of Seeds of Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)
The quality and amount of yellow lupine yield depend on water availability. Water scarcity negatively affects germination, flowering, and pod formation, and thus introduction of an artificial irrigation system is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation on the quality of yellow lupine seeds. Raining was applied with a semi-solid device with sprinklers during periods of greatest water demand. It was shown that watered plants produced seeds of lesser quality, having smaller size and weight. To find out why seeds of irrigated plants were of poor quality, interdisciplinary research at the cellular level was carried out. DNA cytophotometry evidenced the presence of nuclei with lower polyploidy in the apical zone of mature seeds. This may lead to formation of smaller cells and reduce depositing of storage materials. The electrophoretic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses revealed differences in protein and cuticular wax profiles, while scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed, among various chemical elements, decreased calcium content in one of seed zones (near plumule). Seeds from irrigated plants showed slightly higher germination dynamics but growth rate of seedlings was slightly lower. The studies showed that irrigation of lupine affected seed features and their chemical composition, an ability to germination and seedlings growth