Our (in)Secure Web: Understanding Update Behavior of Websites and Its Impact on Security

Software updates take an essential role in keeping IT environments secure. If service providers delay or do not install updates, it can cause unwanted security implications for their environments. This paper conducts a large-scale measurement study of the update behavior of websites and their utilized software stacks. Across 18 months, we analyze over 5.6M websites and 246 distinct client- and server-side software distributions. We found that almost all analyzed sites use outdated software. To understand the possible security implications of outdated software, we analyze the potential vulnerabilities that affect the utilized software. We show that software components are getting older and more vulnerable because they are not updated. We find that 95 % of the analyzed websites use at least one product for which a vulnerability existed

Experimental investigation of thermal comfort performance of a radiant wall and ceiling panel system

The number of radiant heating-cooling systems in building applications is increasing it is because of low energy consumption, low operating temperature and high values they provide in terms of working compatibility with renewable energy sources. In this study, ground source heat pump integrated radiant panels installed on the wall and suspended ceiling of the office room in Yıldız Technical University Science and Technology Application and Research Centre were experimentally examined in terms of thermal comfort according to the relevant standards. Vertical air temperature differences and mean radiant temperatures were investigated. The mean air temperature differences at 0.1 m and 1.7 m were found to be 3,9 oC 2.9 oC 3.5 oC, 3.1 oC and 3.4 oC on average for the five different stands, respectively. PMV and PPD values were found to be 0.78 and 18.9% for February 12 (Case 1), 0.36 and 8.4% for February 13 (Case 2), respectively. In the experiment carried out under the conditions of Case 2, while the comfort conditions were provided in almost all of the day, the desired comfort conditions could not be achieved in Case 1 after 11 am. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.Yildiz Teknik Üniversitesi: FBA-2019-3703This study was supported by Yıldız Technical University under BAP program with GRANT No. FBA-2019-3703. We would like to thank to the Yıldız Technical University for their financial support during this work

Use of a biopolymer for road pavement subgrade

This paper presents an extensive series of laboratory works and a prediction model on the design of a road pavement subgrade with Xanthan Gum (XG) biopolymer. The experimental works were carried out using mixtures of conventional aggregate for road pavement construction and XG at the ratios of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 5%, by dry weight. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted during the experimental works at the end of the various curing periods (4, 8, 16, and 32 days). An example of an improvement in the UCS values for a specimen with 5% XG addition tested at the end of 4-daycuring yields about a 200% increment by the end of a 32-daycuring. The CBR values of clean aggregates were found to be increased by about 300% by 5% XG addition for all curing periods applied. Furthermore, the energy absorption capacity of the aggregates was observed to be increased significantly by both XG inclusion and curing period. Moreover, scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) training algorithm-based models developed for the prediction of CBR and UCS test results displayed a very high estimation performance with the regression coefficients of R-2 = 0.967 and R-2 = 0.987, respectively. Evidently, XG biopolymer is provably of use as an alternative inclusion in road pavement subgrades constructed with conventional aggregates

Towards Understanding First-Party Cookie Tracking in the Field

Third-party tracking is a common and broadly used technique on the Web. Different defense mechanisms have emerged to counter these practices (e. g. browser vendors that ban all third-party cookies). However, these countermeasures only target third-party trackers and ignore the first party because the narrative is that such monitoring is mostly used to improve the utilized service (e.g. analytical services). In this paper, we present a large-scale measurement study that analyzes tracking performed by the first party but utilized by a third party to circumvent standard tracking preventing techniques. We visit the top 15,000 websites to analyze first-party cookies used to track users and a technique called “DNS CNAME cloaking”, which can be used by a third party to place first-party cookies. Using this data, we show that 76% of sites effectively utilize such tracking techniques. In a long-running analysis, we show that the usage of such cookies increased by more than 50% over 2021

Reproducibility and Replicability of Web Measurement Studies

Web measurement studies can shed light on not yet fully understood phenomena and thus are essential for analyzing how the modern Web works. This often requires building new and adjusting existing crawling setups, which has led to a wide variety of analysis tools for different (but related) aspects. If these efforts are not sufficiently documented, the reproducibility and replicability of the measurements may suffer - two properties that are crucial to sustainable research. In this paper, we survey 117 recent research papers to derive best practices for Web-based measurement studies and specify criteria that need to be met in practice. When applying these criteria to the surveyed papers, we find that the experimental setup and other aspects essential to reproducing and replicating results are often missing. We underline the criticality of this finding by performing a large-scale Web measurement study on 4.5 million pages with 24 different measurement setups to demonstrate the influence of the individual criteria. Our experiments show that slight differences in the experimental setup directly affect the overall results and must be documented accurately and carefully

Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of catality properties of metal complexes of some new schiffs

Günümüzde çevre kirliliği, dünya üzerinde yaşayan tüm canlılar için giderek büyük bir tehdit haline gelmektedir. Son zamanlarda başta plastik olmak üzere tarım, temizlik, kozmetik, gıda, farmakoloji ve diğer uygulama alanlarında kimyasal madde kullanımı hızla artmaktadır. Bu kimyasal madde kullanımına bağlı olarakta meydana gelen toprak ve yeraltı suyu kirliliği çevre tahribatını tetiklemektedir. Bunun yanında, çeşitli antropojenik süreçler nedeniyle, karbon emisyonu şaşırtıcı bir oranda artmakta ve küresel ısınmaya neden olmakta, bu da beraberinde alışık olmadığımız doğa olaylarına (iklim değişikliği, kuraklık, sel ve aşırı ısınma vb.) yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle toplumun talepleri gözönüne alındığında çevre dostu yöntemler geliştirmek gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla 20 yıl önce bilim insanları, yeşil kimyanın önemini ortaya koyarak ve 12 ilkeden oluşan çevre dostu bir yaklaşım geliştirmişlerdir. Bu yaklaşım, modern araştırma laboratuvarlarında kullanılan kimyasal yöntemlerin çevre dostu olması ile bu duyarlılığın artırılması hedeflenmektir. Tıbbi kimyada pek çok farklı yöntem kullanılmasıyla birlikte bu yöntemleri daha hasas ve uygulanabilir alternatiflerle değiştirmek çevresel ve ekolojik bakımdan büyük önem arzetmektedir. Bu nedenle, gerek Ar-Ge ve gerekse diğer araştırma laboratuvarlarında tüm sentez alanlarında bu yaklaşımla hareket edilmesi hayati bir önem kazanmaktadır. Son yıllarda Schiff bazları yapısal özelliklerinden dolayı araştırmcıların yoğun ilgisini çekmiş ve geçiş metali koordinasyon kimyasında en çok çalışılan ligand haline gelmiştir. Schiff bazının türevleri ve bunların metal kompleksleri inorganik, biyolojik, analitik kimya, gıda endüstrisi, boya endüstrisi ve kataliz olmak üzere geniş çapta uygulama alanına sahip olmuştur. Bu tez çalışmasının bundan sonra yapılacak araştırmalar için yol gösterici olacağı ve uygulama alanlarına katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu tez kapsamında yapılan çalışmalar üç başlık altında sıralanabilir; 1) Schiff bazı ligandlarının (L1, L2) sentezi ve değişik spektroskopik yöntemler kullanılarak yapısal karakterizasyonu, 2) L1 ve L2 ligandlarının Co(II), Pd(II) ve Ru(II) metal komplekslerinin sentezi ve uygun spektroskopik yöntemler kullanılarak yapısal karakterizasyonu, 3) Schiff bazı Pd(II) ve Ru(II) metal komplekslerinin Mizoroki-Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura ve hidrojen transfer tepkimelerindeki katalitik aktivitelerinin incelenmesi.Today, environmental pollution is becoming a major threat to all living things on earth. Recently, the use of chemicals has been increasing rapidly in agriculture, cleaning, cosmetics, food, pharmacology and other application areas, especially plastics. Soil and groundwater pollution caused by the use of this chemical triggers environmental destruction. In addition, due to various anthropogenic processes, carbon emissions increase at an astonishing rate and cause global warming, which also leads to unfamiliar natural events (climate change, drought, flood and overheating, etc.). Therefore, considering the demands of the society, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly methods. For this purpose, 20 years ago, scientists demonstrated the importance of green chemistry and developed an environmentally friendly approach consisting of 12 principles. This approach aims to increase this sensitivity by making the chemical methods used in modern research laboratories environmentally friendly. Although many different methods are used in medicinal chemistry, it is of great environmental and ecological importance to replace these methods with more sensitive and applicable alternatives. For this reason, it is of vital importance to act with this approach in all areas of synthesis, both in Ar-Ge and other research laboratories. In recent years, Schiff bases have attracted the attention of researchers due to their structural properties and have become the most studied ligand in transition metal coordination chemistry. Derivatives of Schiff base and their metal complexes have been widely used in inorganic, biological, analytical chemistry, food industry, paint industry and catalysis. It is thought that this thesis study will be a guide for future research and contribute to the fields of application. The studies carried out within the scope of this thesis can be listed under three dings; 1) Synthesis of Schiff base ligands (L1, L2) and their structural characterization using different spectroscopic methods, 2) Synthesis of Co(II), Pd(II) and Ru(II) metal complexes of L1 and L2 ligands and structural characterization using appropriate spectroscopic methods, 3) Investigation of catalytic activities of Schiff base Pd(II) and Ru(II) metal complexes in Mizoroki-Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura and hydrogen transfer reactions

Comparative performance analysis of building foundation Ground heat exchanger

The aim of this work is to improve the performance of Ground-Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) by placing the heat exchanger pipes in the soil under the building foundation and in the building foundation reconstructed in Turkey. In this scope, firstly, experimental studies have been performed on horizontal parallel pipes buried in soil under the foundation of the 2400 m(2) Central Laboratory building, which was newly built at Yildiz Technical University. A comparison between the results of the experimental and newly developed numerical model is presented. Then, a full-scale numerical model for a shopping mall is developed based on the pipe location (soil and concrete layer), Numbers of Parallel Tube (NPTs) and different condensation temperatures in the heating season. The results show that the COP of GSHP when the pipes are buried in the soil under the building foundation is greater than when the pipes are buried in the building foundation. Furthermore, considering capital investment and operational costs, a reference function is defined as an optimization parameter. The effects of the pipe location, increasing rates in electricity prices and NPTs on reference function are investigated. For higher NPT values, locating the pipes in the foundation gives higher values of the reference function while for lower NPT values it is vice versa.Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey and Mir Unique Solutions [0472.STZ.2013-2]The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey and Mir Unique Solutions (No. 0472.STZ.2013-2) for this study performed

Kil-kum karışımlarının bazı geoteknik özellikleri

Kil zeminlerde oluşabilecek şişme ve büzülme gibi farklı problemler çeşitli özellikteki kum ilaveleriylebertaraf edilebilir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan bentonit kili farklı büyüklükteki yuvarlatılmış ve köşeli şeklesahip iki kum örneğiyle değişik oranlarda karıştırılmıştır. Örnek numuneler, kuru ağırlığın yüzdesi olarak%0-5-10-15-20 oranlarında eklenen 0.075-0.150 mm, ve 1.0-2.0 mm dane çapı aralıklarındaki kumilaveleriyle hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan kum-kil karışımlarının optimum su muhtevasında sıkıştırılmalarıdurumunda kıvam limitleri ile şişme ve büzülme özelliklerindeki değişimler gözlenerek, bu değişimler ilaveedilen kumların miktarı, şekil ve büyüklükleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre,karışımlardaki kum oranı arttıkça plastik limit, büzülme ve şişme yüzdesi azalmıştır. Aynı şekil özelliğinesahip daha büyük kum daneleri ile hazırlanan karışımlara ait şişme ve büzülme yüzdesi ile plastik limitdeğerleri diğer karışımlara kıyasla daha yüksektir. Ayrıca, aynı dane çapındaki kumlarla hazırlanankarışımlardan köşeli kum örnekleri ile hazırlananlar daha yüksek plastik limit ile şişme ve büzülme yüzdesideğerlerine sahiptir