Epidemiology, incidence, and mortality of leukemia in children early infancy to 14 years old of age in south-central Asia: A global ecological study

Background: The cancer was considered the second cause of death from early infancy to 14 years of age after the inadvertent damage. Also, leukemia was reported as the most common type of cancer in infants. Objectives: The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of leukemia from early infancy to 14 years of age in South-Central Asia. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. In the current study, the incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in South-Central Asia were determined. The data were extracted from a Cancer Global Project in 2012 available at http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx.Results: In South-Central Asia, 1514027 cases of cancer were recorded in 2012 in which 480267 cases (3.2) were related to leukemia. The highest incidence rates of leukemia were reported for Iran, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan with the ratio of 3.6, 3.2, and 3 cases per 100000 people, respectively compared with the lowest incidence rates in Bangladesh, and Bhutan with the ratio of 0.8 and 0.9 cases per 100000 people, respectively in under14-year-old infants. Conclusions: Leukemia was reported as the most common type of cancer in infants, providing important information about possible changes of risk factors considering that its trend might help us to find critical ways so as to decrease the rate of cancer in infants. Copyright © 2019, Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Charged BTZ-like Black Holes in Higher Dimensions

Motivated by many worthwhile paper about (2 + 1)-dimensional BTZ black holes, we generalize them to to (n + 1)-dimensional solutions, so called BTZ-like solutions. We show that the electric field of BTZ-like solutions is the same as (2 + 1)-dimensional BTZ black holes, and also their lapse functions are approximately the same, too. By these similarities, it is also interesting to investigate the geometric and thermodynamics properties of the BTZ-like solutions. We find that, depending on the metric parameters, the BTZ-like solutions may be interpreted as black hole solutions with inner (Cauchy) and outer (event) horizons, an extreme black hole or naked singularity. Then, we calculate thermodynamics quantities and conserved quantities, and show that they satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. Finally, we perform a stability analysis in the canonical ensemble and show that the BTZ-like solutions are stable in the whole phase space.Comment: 5 pages, two column format, one figur

Nariai, Bertotti-Robinson and anti-Nariai solutions in higher dimensions

We find all the higher dimensional solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell theory that are the topological product of two manifolds of constant curvature. These solutions include the higher dimensional Nariai, Bertotti-Robinson and anti-Nariai solutions, and the anti-de Sitter Bertotti-Robinson solutions with toroidal and hyperbolic topology (Plebanski-Hacyan solutions). We give explicit results for any dimension D>3. These solutions are generated from the appropriate extremal limits of the higher dimensional near-extreme black holes in a de Sitter, and anti-de Sitter backgrounds. Thus, we also find the mass and the charge parameters of the higher dimensional extreme black holes as a function of the radius of the degenerate horizon.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, RevTeX4. References added. Published versio

Assessment of dominant species food relation in habitats of commercial shrimp in Hormuzgan Province waters (Persian Gulf)

Shrimp is one of the most important aquatic animals,that have decreased their stocks in Hormozgan province, especially the eastern province . Evalution of food interaction in shrimp habitats (Estuaries of Tyab, Yek shabeh, Laft and Khouran) was studied with Ecopaht with Ecosim software (ver. 6.5) in Hormuzgan province. After entering the input components (Biomass,P/B and Q/B), model was balanced and outputs were extracted. Results of trophic levels, was close to previous research in these areas for all species in estuaries. Maximum of ecotrophic efficiency was belonged to phytoplankton and other preys that were observed in predator stomachs. Biological future of food web estimated to be threatened based on omnivore index of planktonivore groups. Maximum food competition between the four food models was estimated in detritivores communities in Laft estuary, that may be related to the low density of mangrove in this region. Khamir estuary ecosystem could be more stable, because each impacting group had its own separate ecological niche and special predation territory. key indices in each of four food models were related to phytoplankton communities, this key role has been demonstrated much better in Yek Shovy estuary than others. Future of commercial shrimp stocks will be expected to be in better condition in Khoran estuary compared to other three ones, due to selection of separate ecological niche by predators and High biomass of detritus in this estuary

On exact solutions for quantum particles with spin S= 0, 1/2, 1 and de Sitter event horizon

Exact wave solutions for particles with spin 0, 1/2 and 1 in the static coordinates of the de Sitter space-time model are examined in detail. Firstly, for a scalar particle, two pairs of linearly independent solutions are specified explicitly: running and standing waves. A known algorithm for calculation of the reflection coefficient $R_{\epsilon j}$ on the background of the de Sitter space-time model is analyzed. It is shown that the determination of R_{\epsilon j} requires an additional constrain on quantum numbers \epsilon \rho / \hbar c >> j, where \rho is a curvature radius. When taken into account of this condition, the R_{\epsilon j} vanishes identically. It is claimed that the calculation of the reflection coefficient R_{\epsilon j} is not required at all because there is no barrier in an effective potential curve on the background of the de Sitter space-time. The same conclusion holds for arbitrary particles with higher spins, it is demonstrated explicitly with the help of exact solutions for electromagnetic and Dirac fields.Comment: 30 pages. This paper is an updated and more comprehensive version of the old paper V.M. Red'kov. On Particle penetrating through de Sitter horizon. Minsk (1991) 22 pages Deposited in VINITI 30.09.91, 3842 - B9

Doing synthetic biology with photosynthetic microorganisms

The use of photosynthetic microbes as synthetic biology hosts for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals and even fuels has received increasing attention over the last decade. The number of studies published, tools implemented, and resources made available for microalgae have increased beyond expectations during the last few years. However, the tools available for genetic engineering in these organisms still lag those available for the more commonly used heterotrophic host organisms. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the photosynthetic microbes most commonly used in synthetic biology studies, namely cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, eustigmatophytes and diatoms. We provide basic information on the techniques and tools available for each model group of organisms, we outline the state-of-the-art, and we list the synthetic biology tools that have been successfully used. We specifically focus on the latest CRISPR developments, as we believe that precision editing and advanced genetic engineering tools will be pivotal to the advancement of the field. Finally, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each group of organisms and examine the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve their synthetic biology potential.Peer reviewe

Nonclassical properties of generalized four-photon coherent states

We proposed a scheme to generate new class of even(odd) compass states (specific superpositions of Wigner cat states [A. Dehghani et al., Ann. Phys. 362, 659 (2015)]), in the presence of the parity deformed Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian [A. Dehghani et al., Sci. Rep. 6, 38069 (2016)] describing a coupled system comprising a two-level atom and a cavity field assisted by a continuous external classical field. Particular attention was given to analyze their non-classical properties through of the Mandel’s parameter and quadrature squeezing. The Wigner compass states (WCSs) are compared with the ordinary ones, when the Wigner parameter becomes zero. Meanwhile generalized photon added compass states (PAWCSs) were introduced, by excitations of a newly introduced WCSs. Along with statistical analysis of latter case, a new theoretical framework for preparing them is suggested