Impactos do Edital 5G no cenário da prestação de serviços de telecomunicações no Brasil: diversificação de atores

O objetivo da pesquisa se insere no âmbito da compreensão da evolução do mercado de prestação de serviços de telecomunicações móveis no Brasil sob o ângulo da intervenção regulatória do Poder Público. A Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (ANATEL), órgão responsável pela alocação do insumo essencial para a prestação desses serviços (frequências do espectro radioelétrico), faz sua oferta aos prestadores privados em processos licitatórios, por se tratar de recurso escasso. A mais recente oferta corresponde ao leilão das faixas que darão suporte à implementação da tecnologia 5G. A hipótese de pesquisa buscou verificar se a modelagem desse leilão pode consolidar uma modificação no cenário competitivo setorial rumo a uma maior diversificação no número de prestadores. Para tanto, lançou-se mão de metodologia qualitativa, direcionada ao exame de documentos e registros relativos à elaboração do Edital 5G e outros. Os achados foram interpretados à luz das teorias de captura regulatória como instrumental explicativo para a constituição e a dinâmica de grupos de pressão de entes privados sobre reguladores. A constatação obtida foi a de verificação da ocorrência da hipótese. A modelagem do leilão do 5G efetivamente contempla os interesses de um grupo emergente de prestadores, que começam a diversificar a competição. Ao final é destacado que o regulador se defrontará com novas arenas de embate em que esse grupo deve confrontar o status quo no futuro próximo

BRAZILIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, IT’S FEDERALISM AND INEFFICIENCY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Brazil has a specific kind of bottom-up federalism which public power is located in the autonomy of the free individuals. As DELLAVALLE5 argues: In Hobbes’s vision, power is ascending to the extent that it is no longer seen as an element that the given political authority deduces from divine law or from its own alleged natural superiority. Rather, it arises from the original freedom and independence of individuals, who create the sovereign authority by an act of free will, i.e., by transferring their rights to the newly established public power in order to ensure an adequate protection of the individual entitlements on the basis of the legitimacy emanating from the same fundament of social order. Brazilian federalism was institutionalized by the 1891 Constitution, inspired by United States federalism, however it is far more centralized than it is in Canada or in the United States. It was very important to maintain its national unity. In this sense, ROSENN6 when explaining the adoption of federalism in Brazil argues that

OBRIGAÇÃO DE FAZER EM SANÇÕES REGULATÓRIAS NO BRASIL: APLICAÇÃO AO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES

Purpose ”“ This article approaches the legal and economic dimensions of the fine and the so-called obligation to do as alternative sanction methods within the Brazilian regulatory framework and the latter´s relative potentials regarding the full exercise of economic functions by the regulator. Furthermore, it highlights the relative advantages and challenges of the obligation to do and how it can maximize the allocative efficiency of administrative sanctions. Methodology/approach/design ”“ A critical analysis of a pioneering application of the obligation to do, carried out by the telecommunication’s regulatory agency, allows to elucidate the essential requirements for its use and governance. Findings ”“ Conclusions suggest that the obligation to do allows the fulfillment of the allocation, stabilization and distribution functions by regulator while potentially increasing both the society expectation towards sanctioning and investment in the sector. Originality ”“ It presents a pioneering perspective on the exercise of the obligation to do as sanction in the Brazilian telecommunications sector.Purpose ”“ This article approaches the legal and economic dimensions of the fine and the so-called obligation to do as alternative sanction methods within the Brazilian regulatory framework and the latter´s relative potentials regarding the full exercise of economic functions by the regulator. Furthermore, it highlights the relative advantages and challenges of the obligation to do and how it can maximize the allocative efficiency of administrative sanctions. Methodology/approach/design ”“ A critical analysis of a pioneering application of the obligation to do, carried out by the telecommunication’s regulatory agency, allows to elucidate the essential requirements for its use and governance. Findings ”“ Conclusions suggest that the obligation to do allows the fulfillment of the allocation, stabilization and distribution functions by regulator while potentially increasing both the society expectation towards sanctioning and investment in the sector. Originality ”“ It presents a pioneering perspective on the exercise of the obligation to do as sanction in the Brazilian telecommunications sector.Propósito ”“ Este artigo aborda as dimensões jurídica e econômica da multa e da obrigação de fazer no contexto regulatório brasileiro e explora os potenciais relativos da última como expressão mais fidedigna do exercício das funções econômicas pelo regulador. O estudo destaca as vantagens e desafios da obrigação de fazer e como essa classe de sancionamento pode elevar a eficiência alocativa dos recursos provenientes de sanções administrativas. Metodologia/abordagem/design ”“ De modo a manter o debate no plano prático, é feita uma análise de aplicação pioneira da obrigação de fazer leva a cabo pelo regulador de telecomunicações o que permite elucidar os requisitos essenciais para seu uso e os critérios de governança necessários para sua utilização. Resultados ”“ As conclusões sugerem que a obrigação de fazer permite o desempenho das funções de alocação, estabilização e distribuição ao passo que a multa se resume, no plano regulatório, à atribuição de um valor pecuniário de sanção. Originalidade ”“ O artigo apresenta uma perspectiva pioneira sobre o exercício da obrigação de fazer como alternativa de sancionamento administrativo no setor de telecomunicações brasileiro

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Regulação Econômica 1º Lugar: O mercado secundário de espectro no Brasil: desenho de mecanismos e suas eficiências relativas

Os últimos anos foram marcados por uma série de reformas legais com desdobramentos sobre os mercados regulados no Brasil. A mais principiológica delas veio com a Lei nº 13.874/2019 – Declaração de Direitos de Liberdade Econômica (BRASIL, 2019a), centrada na racionalização da intervenção estatal. Para o setor de telecomunicações, a reforma do antigo marco legal realizada nos termos da Lei nº 13.879/2019 (BRASIL, 2019b)1 se sobressai. Essa inovação se destaca pela renovação do setor e a revisão da política de acesso a insumos escassos por particulares. Dentre as alterações, a possibilidade de estruturação de um mercado secundário de radiofrequências no Brasil foi um dos destaques e tem particular efeito sobre esta pesquisa. Com isso percebe-se que a tônica de maior liberdade também neste caso se fez presente de forma aplicada. O presente estudo se insere no rol de pesquisas pioneiras sobre o tema. Em particular, busca atualizar as contribuições originais de Yoon et al. (2012), Freitas et al. (2020) e López et al. (2021) sobre o desenho de mecanismos de promoção da liquidez do novo mercado.31 páginasEconomiaI Prêmio SEAE de Artigos em Advocacia da Concorrência e Regulação Econômica - Categoria 2: Regulação Econômic

Neospongodes atlantica, a potential case of an early biological introduction in the Southwestern Atlantic

Soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) are discreet components in the Southwestern Atlantic reef communities. In Brazil, the native octocoral shallow-reef fauna is mostly represented by gorgonians. Consequently, except for the nephtheid Neospongodes atlantica, most of the known soft corals from this region are considered non-indigenous. Hitherto, the monotypic genus Neospongodes, which was proposed in the early 1900s, has been considered to be endemic to the Northeastern Brazilian coast. Herein, based on in situ records, we show that N. atlantica is a substrate generalist that has been probably expanding its distribution by dominating extensive shallow and mesophotic sandy and reef bottoms, generally outcompeting other reef benthic organisms, including Brazilian endemic species. Based on previously unidentified museum specimens, new records, and a broad literature review, we provide the most comprehensive modelling of the potential distribution of this species in the Southwestern Atlantic. Based on molecular inference supported by in-depth morphological analysis, the probable non-indigenous and, therefore, ancient introduction of N. atlantica in Brazilian waters is discussed. Finally, these results support that Neospongodes and the Indo-Pacific Stereonephthya are synonyms, which led us to propose the latter as taxonomically invalid