293 research outputs found
Innovation as a Nonlinear Process, the Scientometric Perspective, and the Specification of an "Innovation Opportunities Explorer"
The process of innovation follows non-linear patterns across the domains of
science, technology, and the economy. Novel bibliometric mapping techniques can
be used to investigate and represent distinctive, but complementary
perspectives on the innovation process (e.g., "demand" and "supply") as well as
the interactions among these perspectives. The perspectives can be represented
as "continents" of data related to varying extents over time. For example, the
different branches of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in the Medline database
provide sources of such perspectives (e.g., "Diseases" versus "Drugs and
Chemicals"). The multiple-perspective approach enables us to reconstruct facets
of the dynamics of innovation, in terms of selection mechanisms shaping
localizable trajectories and/or resulting in more globalized regimes. By
expanding the data with patents and scholarly publications, we demonstrate the
use of this multi-perspective approach in the case of RNA Interference (RNAi).
The possibility to develop an "Innovation Opportunities Explorer" is specified.Comment: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management (forthcoming in 2013
The Credibility Crisis in IS: A Global Stakeholder Perspective
The purpose of this panel involves helping the IS community devise strategies for augmenting the field’s credibility. Representing different continents, educational systems, and roles, our panelists will provide a global perspective on IS credibility. Using stakeholder theory as an organizing framework, this panel will identify the key stakeholders that positively and negatively influence the IS discipline as well as strategies for leveraging these stakeholders. Spirited debates will occur concerning the role of regulators, funding sources, faculty, administrators, students, and employers in shaping the credibility of the IS discipline
The Credibility Crisis in IS: A Global Stakeholder Perspective
The field of information systems (IS) faces a credibility crisis, which threatens its stature as a highly-respected academic discipline (Firth, King, Koch, Looney, Pavlou, and Trauth, 2011; Winter and Butler, 2011; among others). This article summarizes a panel discussion at the ICIS 2011 Conference, where a group of distinguished IS professors offered their unique perspectives on the challenges, origins, and solutions related to the global credibility crisis in IS. Using stakeholder theory as an organizing framework, the panel session identifies the key stakeholders influencing the credibility of the IS discipline, as well as the challenges and opportunities facing IS programs worldwide
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National business regulations and city entrepreneurship in Europe: a multilevel nested analysis
This article provides and tests a theoretical framework with a multilevel (country–city) nested model to analyze the relationship between national business regulations (NBRs) and city level entrepreneurship. While public interest theory predicts a positive relationship between NBR and city level entrepreneurship, public choice theory predicts the opposite, a negative relationship. Based on multilevel analysis for a matched country–city panel of 228 cities across 20 European countries for the years 2004 to 2009, the empirical evidence from panel data estimation explains how changes in NBRs influence changes in city level entrepreneurial activity over time
Common Genetic Variants Explain the Majority of the Correlation Between Height and Intelligence : The Generation Scotland Study
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The impact of society on management control systems
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd The aim of this study is to investigate whether certain configurations of management controls dominate in certain societies (socio-cultural contexts) and whether the effectiveness of a given archetype of management control systems (MCSs) varies depending on the socio-cultural setting—the society—in which it operates. The study focuses on three socio-cultural groups and the corresponding institutional contexts (an Anglo-Saxon group, a Central European group, and a Northern European group) and three MCS archetypes (delegated bureaucratic control, delegated output control, and programmable output control). We use unique data from a cross-national, interview-based survey encompassing 610 strategic business units from nine countries (seven European countries plus Canada and Australia). The idea that firms tend to adapt MCSs to the socio-cultural context does not gain empirical support in this study. No significant differences in the distribution of MCSs between the three socio-cultural groups are noted. However, we do find that programmable output control has a more positive impact on effectiveness in Anglo-Saxon cultures, while delegated output control has a more positive impact on effectiveness in Northern Europe. Taken together these findings indicate that distinct differences between societies make a particular MCS design more appropriate in a given society, but where such differences are not dramatic (as in the present case), multiple MCS designs can be found in the same society
Steady-State Kinetics of α-Synuclein Ferrireductase Activity Identifies the Catalytically Competent Species
α-Synuclein
(α-syn) is a cytosolic protein known for
its association with neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s
disease and other synucleinopathies. The potential cellular function
of α-synuclein may be of consequence for understanding the pathogenesis
of such diseases. Previous work has suggested that α-synuclein
can catalyze the reduction of iron as a ferrireductase. We performed
a detailed analysis of the steady-state kinetics of recombinant α-syn
ferrireductase activity and for disease-associated variants. Our study
illustrates that the ferrireductase activity we observed is clearly
commensurate with bona fide enzyme activity and suggests a mechanistic
rationale for the activity and the relationship to cellular regulation
of the pool of Fe(III) and Fe(II). Using cell-based studies, we examined
the functionally active conformation and found that the major catalytically
active form is a putative membrane-associated tetramer. Using an artificial
membrane environment with recombinant protein, we demonstrate that
secondary structure folding of α-synuclein is insufficient to
allow enzyme activity and the absolute specificity of the tertiary/quaternary
structure is the primary requirement. Finally, we explored the steady-state
kinetics of a range of disease α-synuclein variants and found
that variants involved in neurodegenerative disease exhibited major
changes in their enzymatic activity. We discuss these data in the
context of a potential disease-associated mechanism for aberrant α-synuclein
ferrireductase activity
Sociological and Communication-Theoretical Perspectives on the Commercialization of the Sciences
Both self-organization and organization are important for the further
development of the sciences: the two dynamics condition and enable each other.
Commercial and public considerations can interact and "interpenetrate" in
historical organization; different codes of communication are then
"recombined." However, self-organization in the symbolically generalized codes
of communication can be expected to operate at the global level. The Triple
Helix model allows for both a neo-institutional appreciation in terms of
historical networks of university-industry-government relations and a
neo-evolutionary interpretation in terms of three functions: (i) novelty
production, (i) wealth generation, and (iii) political control. Using this
model, one can appreciate both subdynamics. The mutual information in three
dimensions enables us to measure the trade-off between organization and
self-organization as a possible synergy. The question of optimization between
commercial and public interests in the different sciences can thus be made
empirical.Comment: Science & Education (forthcoming
Viral Encephalitis in England, 1989–1998: What Did We Miss?
We analyzed hospitalizations in England from April 1, 1989, to March 31, 1998, and identified approximately 700 cases, 46 fatal, from viral encephalitis that occurred during each year; most (60%) were of unknown etiology. Of cases with a diagnosis, the largest proportion was herpes simplex encephalitis. Using normal and Poisson regression, we identified six possible clusters of unknown etiology. Over 75% of hospitalizations are not reported through the routine laboratory and clinical notification systems, resulting in underdiagnosis of viral encephalitis in England. Current surveillance greatly underascertains incidence of the disease and existence of clusters; in general, outbreaks are undetected. Surveillance systems must be adapted to detect major changes in epidemiology so that timely control measures can be implemented
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