Effect of Topically Applied Charged Particles on Healing of Colonic Anastomoses

Hypothesis: Various forms of electrical stimulation can improve wound healing in different tissues, but their application to gastrointestinal tract healing has not been investigated. We assumed that positively charged diethylaminoethyl cross-linked dextran bead (diethylaminoethyl Sephadex [DEAE-S]) particles would have a beneficial effect on the healing of colonic anastomoses. Design: Experimental animal study. Setting: Animal research laboratory of a university hospital. Animals: Forty female Wistar albino rats. Interventions: Right colonic transection and anastomosis was performed in 5 animal groups. The control group received no treatment; the placebo group, methylcellulose gel; and the DEAE-S group, DEAE-S in methyl cellulose gel applied topically around the anastomoses. The fecal peritonitis (FP) group underwent cecal ligation and perforation simultaneously with the anastomosis to cause FP; the FP + DEAE-S group also received DEAE-S applied around the anastomoses. Main Outcome Measures: After the completion of postoperative day 4, all rats were killed. Anastomotic bursting pressures and hydroxyproline concentrations in perianastomotic tissue were measured and compared. Results: Mean bursting pressures were 115.1 mm Hg in the control group, 113.6 mm Hg in the placebo group, 159.4 mm Hg in the DEAE-S group, 62.8 mm Hg in the FP group, and 121.1 mm Hg in the FP + DEAE-S group (P=.001, 1-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]). The differences between the control vs DEAE-S groups, placebo vs DEAE-S groups, and FP vs FP + DEAE-S groups were significant (P<.05, t test). Mean hydroxyproline concentrations were 5.2 mug/mg in the control group, 4.9 mug/mg in the placebo group, 5.6 mug/mg in the DEAE-S group, 4.5 mug/mg in the FP group, and 5.4 mug/mg in the FP + DEAE-S group (P=.09, 1-way ANOVA). The difference between the FP and FP + DEAE-S groups was significant (P=.04, t test). Conclusions: A positively charged particle, DEAE-S, improves healing of colonic anastomoses in healthy rats and in rats with FP. This inexpensive, nontoxic material is easily applied and deserves further evaluation in gastrointestinal tract healing.WoSScopu

Nationwide study of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases TEM, SHV and CTX-M in Turkey

Ay Altintop, Yasemin/0000-0002-6586-5561WOS: 000327677600003Four hundred and forty extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates were collected from 10 different hospitals in Turkey between 2011 and 2012. Clinical specimens consisted of urine (80.45%), blood (6.59%), cerebrospinal fluid (1.13%), pleural fluid (2.95%), wound (4.31%) and sputum (4.54%). ESBL-coding genes (CTX-M1, CTX-M2, TEM, SHV) were detected by PCR. According to the PCR and sequencing results, CTX-M1 was the most prevalent beta-lactamase 83.18% (366/440), followed by TEM 44.09% (194/440), CTX-M2 31.81% (140/440) and SHV 1.81% (8/440). Sequencing results showed that TEM and SHV types were TEM-1b and SHV-11, respectively. Rate of the strains harboring only CTX-M1, CTX-M2,TEM-1b and SHV-11 were 30.90%, 3.63%, 2.27% and 0.23%, respectively. Rate of the strains harboring the combinations of CTX-M1-CTX-M2, CTX-M1-CTX-M2-TEM-1b, CTX-M2-TEM-1b, CTX-M1-TEM-1b, CTX-M1-CTX-M2-TEM-1b-SHV-11, CTX-M1-TEM-1b-SHV-11, CTX-M1-SHV-11, CTX-M1-CTX-M2-SHV-11, CTX-M2-SHV-11, CTX-M2-TEM-1b-SHV-11, TEM-1b-SHV-11 were 12.95%, 11.59%, 2.95%, 26.13%, 0.45%, 0.68%, 0.22%, 0.22%, 0%, 0% and 0%, respectively. This is a nationwide study of ESBL-producing E. coli in Turkey. These results shows that CTX-M1 group is the most common type of class A beta-lactamases among ESBL-producing E. coli strains in Turkey.Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [BAP-2012.106.01.11, BAP-2011.102.03.3]This work was supported by Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Research Fund Grants BAP-2012.106.01.11 and BAP-2011.102.03.3

The history of public health in the modern Middle East: The environmental–medical turn

The field of Middle Eastern history began as an attempt to understand how Europeans came to dominate the region. As a result, when medicine and the environment were discussed, they were used to highlight European technological and scientific advances in these fields, and describe the processes through which Islamic medical and scientific concepts were replaced. The first wave of scholarship on the history of medicine in the region focused primarily on 19th‐century Egypt, where the state sponsored the development of a public health system to protect military readiness and combat epidemic diseases such as cholera and plague. This article highlights recent scholarship in the history of health, medicine, and the environment during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and illustrates how this lens (the “environmental‐medical turn”) provides new perspectives on the social and political history of the Middle East. I argue that the environmental‐medical turn provides a new avenue for locating illiterate members of society—the peasant and middle classes—in the archive; by exploring moments of crisis leading to protest and rebellion, and examining data revealing hardship and suffering, Middle Eastern historians can explore the complex roots of social and political events, and historians of medicine and the environment can include the region in transnational and comparative studies