Effects of Changes in Financial Ratios of Companies on the Performance of Stock Prices in the Exchange Market: The Automotive Sector

By examining the relationship between financial ratios of companies and stock prices, this study investigates whether changes in the financial ratios of companies affect stock prices. Twelve financial ratios were used as independent variables and stock price was used as the dependent variable. The study was conducted via panel data analysis method with data from seven automotive companies traded in Borsa İstanbul (BIST) and six automotive companies traded in stock markets of Germany, the USA, and Sweden for the period of 2007Q1-2018Q4. For automotive companies traded in BIST, stock price is affected by liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, and activity ratios but there is no statistically significant relationship between stock price and profitability ratios. On the other hand, for the automotive companies traded in stock exchanges in other countries, stock price is seen to be affected by liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios

Genetic relationships of some Citrus genotypes based on the candidate iron chlorosis genes

Iron is one of the most important elements in plant mineral nutrition. Fe deficiency is a critical abiotic stress factor for Mediterranean citriculture; the development of marker-assisted selection for this trait would greatly enhance rootstock breeding. In this study, DNA sequencing and single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses were performed to determine the allelic diversity of genes associated with tolerance to iron chlorosis in citrus. Two candidate iron chlorosis tolerance genes were selected from existing Citrus EST databases and Arabidopsis thaliana genome databases. Ferritin-3 chloroplast precursor and putative membrane transporter candidate gene sequences were used to define primers in conserved regions. Six citrus genotypes from the basic taxon of Citrus were used to identify polymorphic regions in the genes. Direct sequencing of the amplified DNA fragments from the candidate genes was performed, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels) were identified after sequence alignment. Based on the DNA sequencing analysis, a total of 6840 nucleotides of DNA were sequenced to identify SNPs and indels. In total, 263 SNPs and 15 indels were identified for both genes. We detected 38.45 SNPs and 2.19 indels for each 1000 b on average from the DNA sequencing results. New primers were designed in conserved areas flanking polymorphic ones for SSCP analysis. SSCP-PCR analysis was performed with 25 citrus genotypes. The neighbor-joining method was used for cluster analysis. Trifoliate genotypes and their hybrids (known to be sensitive to iron chlorosis) clustered together, whereas genotypes tolerant to iron chlorosis were more spread out on the dendrogram. Mandarins also showed high diversity for both genes according to SSCP results. Differences were found among sour orange genotypes known to have differential tolerance behavior to iron chlorosis. (Résumé d'auteur

Effect of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring on Voice Quality in Total Thyroidectomy

Aim: Thyroid gland surgery has a risk of serious complications. Advancements in technology have led to improvements in complications but significant challenges to preserving voice and airway function still remain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate voice quality following total thyroidectomy under neuromonitoring and effect of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) on identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN). Methods: A total of 80 patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy between May 2015 and March 2016 were included in the study. All the RLNs and EBSLNs were identified. Voice assessment included preoperative and postoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopy, analysis of Jitter, Shimmer, and fundamental frequency and the Voice Handicap index-10. Results: Eighty patients were included in this study (71 females, nine males). There was no significant difference between mean initial and post-dissection electromyographic amplitudes with RLN and EBSLN stimulation. The rate of postoperative transient RLN palsy per nerve at risk was 4.375% (7/160) and null for permanent RLN palsy (0%, 0/160). Conclusion: Both subjective and objective assessments revealed preservation of voice quality in patients after total thyroidectomy under neuromonitoring. IONM may be used effectively and safely in order to identify the EBSLN during thyroid surgery

Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery Under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Evaluation

Aim: Laparoscopic abdominal surgical procedures are usually performed under general anesthesia. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate laparoscopic surgical operations performed with regional anesthesia. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 171 laparoscopic surgery patients including laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair under regional anesthesia from May 2014 to July 2016. Demographic data, type of anesthesia and surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status score, length of procedure, co-existing disease, peroperative and postoperative side effects, postoperative surgical-site pain, and patient satisfaction were recorded. Results: Peroperative side effects were abdominal pain/discomfort (18.7%), shoulder pain (13.5%), anxiety (7.6%) and hypotension (3.5%). Postoperative side effects were shoulder pain (8.7%), urinary retention (7%), headache (6.4%), nausea and vomiting (2.3%). In the first six hours after the surgery, no patients had surgical site pain requiring analgesic treatment. Patient satisfaction was sufficient in 97.7% of patients. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia is an effective and safe anesthesia technique in LC, LA and laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair due to good postoperative pain control, minimal side effects, high patients satisfaction rates and absence of intubation-related complications

Optimization of Plant Regeneration from Root Explants of Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis Osb. X Poncirus trifoliata Raf. var “Carrizo”)

Turunçgillerin sahip olduğu tür çeşitliliği ve ekonomik değeri nedeniyle klasik ıslah çalışmaları yanında bitki biyoteknolojisi çalışmaları da ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Carrizo sitranjının in vıtro koşullarda çimlendirilen tohumlarından gelişen kök eksplantları kullanılarak kökten bitki rejenerasyonunun optimizasyonu hedeflenmiştir. Carrizo sitranjına ait kök eksplantları BA (6-Benzil amino purin) ve NAA (1- Naftalenasetik asit)’nın 21 farklı konsantrasyonunu içeren MS (Murashige ve Skoog, 1962) besin ortamında kültüre alınmışlardır. Çalışma sonucunda en iyi kallus oluşumu 0.5 mg/L BA+1.5 mg/L NAA; 1 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA; 1 mg/L BA+1 mg/L NAA; 0.5 mg/L BA; 1.5 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA; 1.5 mg/L BA+1.5 mg/L NAA; 2 mg/L BA veya 2.5 mg/L BA+1.5 mg/L NAA içeren MS ortamından elde edilmiştir (%100). Sürgün oluşumunda 0.5 mg/L BA, 1 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA veya 2 mg/L BA içeren MS ortamlarında %100 başarı elde edilmiştir.The diversity and economic value of citrus encourages study of plant biotechnology in addition to classical plant breeding. In this study, optimization of plant regeneration was aimed at using root explants developed from the seeds of Carrizo citrange germinated in in vitro conditions. Root explants of Carrizo citrange were cultured in MS nutrient medium containing 21 different concentrations of BA (6-Benzyl amino purine) and NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid). The best callus formation (100%) was obtained from MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA+1.5 mg/L NAA; 1 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA; 1 mg/L BA+1 mg/L NAA; 0.5 mg/L BA; 1.5 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA; 1.5 mg/L BA+1.5 mg/L NAA; 2 mg/L BA or 2.5 mg/L BA+1.5 mg/L NAA. In shoot formation, 100% success was achieved in MS media containing 0.5 mg/L BA, 1 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA or 2 mg/L BA

Comparative transcriptome sequencing to determine genes related to the nucellar embryony mechanism in citrus

Several citrus varieties produce apomictic seeds by the nucellar embryony (NE) mechanism. Nucellar embryos are created from nucellus tissue and have an identical genetic constitution to the mother plant. Nucellar embryony is known to be an unusual feature of seed production in many citrus cultivars. The term "NE" refers to the development of identical embryos from the maternal tissue known as the nucellus surrounding the embryo sac. The authors aimed here to detect differentially expressed genes involved in the NE mechanism. Orlando tangelo (OT), producing apomictic seeds, and a clementine mandarin, Algerian tangerine ranch selection (AT), known as monoembryonic, were used for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. First of all, histological analysis was used to determine the initial stage of the development of NE cells. Initial NE cells began to develop on the third day after anthesis. Based on the histological analysis, ovules of flower buds for OT were sampled at the balloon stage and 1, 3, and 5 days after anthesis; for AT only ovules of flower buds at the balloon stage and 3 days after anthesis were sampled for comparative transcriptome sequencing. Primary sequencings, known as "raw reads", were produced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. The raw reads were then filtered into clean reads aligned to the reference sequences. The full genome of Citrus clementina was used as the reference genome. Deep analyses based on gene expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, were performed. A total of 2359 DEGs (1996 upregulated, 363 down regulated) and 2123 genes (1372 upregulated, 751 downregulated) were identified from the samples at the OT balloon stage, OT third day after anthesis and AT third day after anthesis, and OT third day after anthesis, respectively. These findings provide helpful information regarding citrus transcriptome changes for the NE mechanism and could help with the future identification and functional analysis of genes that are significant for polyembryony