Studies in the history of the song school at Durham from the early fifteenth century to the early eighteenth century

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Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Intake of Antioxidants in Native American Adolescents

Antioxidants are well known for possessing anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the risk of chronic disease and obesity. However, very little research has been done to examine antioxidant intake among adolescent minority populations such as Native American adolescents. Our study examined the significance of antioxidant intake among Native American adolescents at an urban residential high school in Southern California. Our study population consisted of 183 male and female Native American adolescents, 14-18 years of age, representing 43 tribes from across the United States. Students' primary source of meals was provided by the school food service. Based on the BMI calculations, the rate of obesity within our population was 38% for males and 40% for females, more than two-fold the national rate indicated by NHANESIII data. We used the Harvard School of Public Health Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (HSPH YAQ), a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, to examine antioxidant nutrient intake and evaluate the differences in the intake between normal and obese weight students. Statistical analysis of the results showed that intakes of vitamins C, E, and lycopene were the antioxidant nutrients found to be significantly different between normal and obese weight students and intakes of these nutrients were found to be higher among normal weight students (p-values = 0.02451, 0.00847, and 0.04928, respectively). These results suggest that dietary intake of antioxidants could be increased among Native American adolescents. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and identify effective ways for school food service to incorporate antioxidant rich foods into school menus

Health Risk of Obesity in Native American Adolescents

Recent reports demonstrate the need to improve methods for identifying obesity among adolescent minority populations, especially among Native American adolescents. Our study examined several anthropometric measures to see which one was the best indicator of obesity for Native American adolescents. We compared our data with that provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESIII). We examined which measures diï¬ered signiï¬cantly from the NHANESIII, and which were most eï¬ective for measuring obesity in Native American adolescents. Our study population represented a cross-sectional, epidemiological population (N=183) of Native American students (ages 14-18) from diverse tribal backgrounds at an urban residential high school. We obtained baseline anthropometric measurements of height, weight, waist, triceps skin-fold, and calf skin-fold measures from the Native American students and compared this information with reference data to assess weight classiï¬cation by body mass indices for our population. Under the conditions of our study, we found the calf skin-fold measure to be the best indicator of normal weight in male Native American adolescents, and the triceps skin-fold measure to be the best indicator of obesity in male Native American adolescents. The assessment of health risk by anthropometric measures we obtained appears appropriate for predicting obesity and developing eï¬ective interventions for Native American adolescents in general. Correlations between anthropometric measures and obesity in our study population may prove of signiï¬cant interest for monitoring obesity prevention initiatives for Native American adolescents

Who is to blame? The relationship between ingroup identification and relative deprivation is moderated by ingroup attributions

Contradictory evidence can be found in the literature about whether ingroup identification and perceived relative deprivation are positively or negatively related. Indeed, theoretical arguments can be made for both effects. It was proposed that the contradictory findings can be explained by considering a hitherto unstudied moderator: The extent to which deprivation is attributed to the ingroup. It was hypothesised that identification would only have a negative impact on deprivation, and that deprivation would only have a negative impact on identification, if ingroup attributions are high. To test this, attributions to the ingroup were experimentally manipulated among British student participants (N = 189) who were asked about their perceived deprivation vis-à-vis German students, yield ing support for the hypotheses

New development: strategic user orientation in public services delivery—the missing link in the strategic trinity?

This paper explores the application of strategic planning and management to Public Service Organisations (PSOs). It argues that the impact of these approaches has been limited by the absence of an underlying strategic orientation that would provide a value-base upon which to embed these approaches within PSOs. It argues further for such an orientation to privelege the need for public services to add value to the lives of citizens and service users and not to focus solely upon internal measures of efficiency and performance

Investigation of the Photophysical Properties of a Eu3+ Coordination Polymer Bearing an α-Nitrile Substituted β-Diketonate Ligand via Emission and Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

Reaction of the β-diketone ligand, 2-cyano-1,3-phenyl-1,3-propandione (LH), with hydrated EuCl3 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), results in the crystallisation of a one-dimensional Eu3+ coordination polymer of formulation [Eu(Phen)(L)3]∞, formed by coordination of the nitrile group of an O,O′-bound ligand to a neighbouring metal centre. An investigation of the metal-centred emission of the polymer, both in the solid state and solution, revealed red emission characterised by relatively long-lived excited state lifetimes and high intrinsic quantum yields. However, analysis of the overall quantum yield and sensitisation efficiency reveals that ultrafast processes in the ligand potentially inhibit Eu3+ sensitisation. Further investigations into these processes using transient absorption spectroscopy suggest that substitution at the α-C position may significantly decrease sensitisation via the antenna effect

The impact of a social norms approach onreducing levels of misperceptions aroundsmokefree hospital entrances amongstpatients, staff, and visitors of a NHShospital: a repeated cross-sectional surveystudy

Background: Smoking is a cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. In the United Kingdom (UK) the national smoking ban inside hospital buildings is widely adhered to. There is a perception it has led to smokers congregating around hospital entrances (Selbie D. 2016, It’s time for a truly smokefree NHS. Public Health Matters Blog. Public Health England). Efforts to shift social norms and create positive smokefree environments might be strengthened by delivering social norms messages. This study explored the impact of a social norms approach campaign to reduce levels of misperceptions surrounding support for smokefree hospital entrances. Method: Repeated cross sectional study design. Staff, patients, and hospital visitors at Pinderfields National Health Service (NHS) Hospital (Wakefield, United Kingdom (UK)) completed a survey before and after implementation of a public health social norms campaign (n = 481 surveyed before; n = 459 surveyed after). The main outcome measure was difference between perceived and reported levels of support for smokefree hospital entrances. Results: There were high levels of support for smokefree hospital entrances. The majority of participants agreed that patients (n = 849, 90% agreed), staff (n = 863, 92% agreed), and visitors (n = 850, 90% agreed) should not smoke in the hospital entrance. Participants underestimated the proportion of others who self-reported keeping the entrance smokefree. Over 90% of respondents reported not smoking in the hospital entrance, but the perception was that between 50 to 75% of hospital staff, patients, and visitors did not smoke in the hospital entrance. The mean percentage of hospital staff, patients, and visitors who respondents thought did not smoke in entrances was higher for respondents responding after, compared to those responding before, the campaign. There was an overall significant effect of time on attitudes towards smoking in the entrances; in all instances the mean percentage of hospital staff, patients, and visitors the participants believed agreed that hospital entrances should be smokefree was higher for those responding after, compared with before, the campaign. Conclusions: People hold misperceptions of the proportion of people who choose to smoke in the hospital entrance. The social norms approach campaign was associated with a strengthening of positive social norms. Such campaigns should be considered by Trusts as one evidence-based based tactic to denormalise smoking, increase support for smokefree policies

Noise storm continua: power estimates for electron acceleration

We use a generic stochastic acceleration formalism to examine the power $L_{\rm in}$ (${\rm erg s^{-1}}$) input to nonthermal electrons that cause noise storm continuum emission. The analytical approach includes the derivation of the Green's function for a general second-order Fermi process, and its application to obtain the particular solution for the nonthermal electron distribution resulting from the acceleration of a Maxwellian source in the corona. We compare $L_{\rm in}$ with the power $L_{\rm out}$ observed in noise storm radiation. Using typical values for the various parameters, we find that $L_{\rm in} \sim 10^{23-26}$ ${\rm erg s^{-1}}$, yielding an efficiency estimate $\eta \equiv L_{\rm out}/L_{\rm in}$ in the range 10^{-10} \lsim \eta \lsim 10^{-6} for this nonthermal acceleration/radiation process. These results reflect the efficiency of the overall process, starting from electron acceleration and culminating in the observed noise storm emission.Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physic

A statistical analysis of X-ray variability in pre-main sequence objects of the Taurus Molecular Cloud

This work is part of a systematic X-ray survey of the Taurus star forming complex with XMM-Newton. We study the time series of all X-ray sources associated with Taurus members, to statistically characterize their X-ray variability, and compare the results to those for pre-main sequence stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster and to expectations arising from a model where all the X-ray emission is the result of a large number of stochastically occurring flares. We find that roughly half of the detected X-ray sources show variability above our sensitivity limit, and in ~ 26 % of the cases this variability is recognized as flares. Variability is more frequently detected at hard than at soft energies. The variability statistics of cTTS and wTTS are undistinguishable, suggesting a common (coronal) origin for their X-ray emission. We have for the first time applied a rigorous maximum likelihood method in the analysis of the number distribution of flare energies on pre-main sequence stars. In its differential form this distribution follows a power-law with index alpha = 2.4 +- 0.5, in the range typically observed on late-type stars and the Sun. The flare energy distribution is probably steep enough to explain the heating of stellar coronae by nano-flares (alpha > 2), albeit associated with a rather large uncertainty that leaves some doubt on this conclusion.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; to appear in a Special Section dedicated to the XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST

Long-range interactions of metastable helium atoms

Polarizabilities, dispersion coefficients, and long-range atom-surface interaction potentials are calculated for the n=2 triplet and singlet states of helium using highly accurate, variationally determined, wave functions.Comment: RevTeX, epsf, 4 fig