Multichannel Kondo impurities in superconductors

We discuss the effect of multichannel Kondo impurities on superconductivity. In the strong coupling regime such impurities are pairbreakers, in contrast to the ordinary Kondo effect. Measurements of $T_c$-suppression may help in identifying impurities displaying this more exotic exchange coupling to the conduction band.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, uuencoded compressed postscript file, submitted to SCES'94 (Amsterdam

Finite element analysis of feeding in red and gray squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris and Sciurus carolinensis)

Invasive gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have replaced the native red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) across much of Great Britain over the last century. Several factors have been proposed to underlie this replacement, but here we investigated the potential for dietary competition in which gray squirrels have better feeding performance than reds and are thus able to extract nutrition from food more efficiently. In this scenario, we hypothesized that red squirrels would show higher stress, strain, and deformation across the skull than gray squirrels. To test our hypotheses, we created finite element models of the skull of a red and a gray squirrel and loaded them to simulate biting at the incisor, at two different gapes, and at the molar. The results showed similar distributions of strains and von Mises stresses in the two species, but higher stress and strain magnitudes in the red squirrel, especially during molar biting. Few differences were seen in stress and strain distributions or magnitudes between the two incisor gapes. A geometric morphometric analysis showed greater deformations in the red squirrel skull at all bites and gapes. These results are consistent with our hypothesis and indicate increased biomechanical performance of the skull in gray squirrels, allowing them to access and process food items more efficiently than red squirrels

Masticatory biomechanics of red and grey squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris and Sciurus carolinensis) modelled with multibody dynamics analysis

The process of feeding in mammals is achieved by moving the mandible relative to the cranium to bring the teeth into and out of occlusion. This process is especially complex in rodents which have a highly specialized configuration of jaw adductor muscles. Here, we used the computational technique of multi-body dynamics analysis (MDA) to model feeding in the red (Sciurus vulgaris) and grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and determine the relative contribution of each jaw-closing muscle in the generation of bite forces. The MDA model simulated incisor biting at different gapes. A series of ‘virtual ablation experiments' were performed at each gape, whereby the activation of each bilateral pair of muscles was set to zero. The maximum bite force was found to increase at wider gapes. As predicted, the superficial and anterior deep masseter were the largest contributors to bite force, but the temporalis had only a small contribution. Further analysis indicated that the temporalis may play a more important role in jaw stabilization than in the generation of bite force. This study demonstrated the ability of MDA to elucidate details of red and grey squirrel feeding biomechanics providing a complement to data gathered via in vivo experimentation

Expanding the application of cassava value chain technologies through UPoCA project

Root and Tuber . IITA TechnologiesCassava has long been expected to play a key role in rural economic growth in Africa, but are we there yet? Although research partnerships have produced elite cassava varieties with 50% more yielding potential and demonstrated technologies to boost processing and marketing of cassava, the sub-sector is constrained by low productivity and marketing dificulties. In DR Congo, Ghana, Malawi and Sierra Leone, for example, cassava value chain actors are yet to respond to 2007 estimated $59 million trade opportunities through substitution of imported wheat lour with locally produced high quality cassava lour. Industrial pull for cassava would also aggravate hunger and poverty if yields do not increase from current national averages of 5 to 19t/ha to more than 25t/ha expected of released varieties under low input agriculture. In 2008, USAID and IITA initiated the project “Unleashing the Power of Cassava in Response to Food Price Crisis (UPOCA) as a multi-country and inter-institutional partnership enabling cassava sub-sectors to realize their full potential in rural economies. UPoCA project covers DR Congo, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania. UPoCA project draws on prior research results to increase on-farm cassava productivity and value adding processing for markets. By end 2009, small holder beneiciaries associated with 55 partner organizations and 11 agricultural related irms established 306 community cassava stem multiplication sites and root production farms totalling 10,097ha with 58 improved varieties. Through experiential learning at 24 hands-on short-term courses, 345 men and 142 women learnt improved techniques in cassava production, processing, product development, and packaging/labelling and 8 technologies were introduced to rural communities. Seven other papers in this symposium, based on these evolving UPoCA achievements, show that a longer-term cassava research for development partnership platform of this nature will enable cassava sub-sectors to contribute signiicantly to rural economic growth in Africa

Visum Et Repertum Sebagai Barang Bukti Pengganti Mayat

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan visum et repertum sebagai barang bukti pengganti mayat dan bagaimana peranan visum et repertum dalam pembuktian perkara pidana. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, maka dapat disimpulkan: 1. Visum et repertum selaku keterangan dalam bentuk yang formil menyangkut hal-hal yang dilihat dan ditemukan oleh doker pada benda-benda yang diperiksa sesungguhnya adalah pengganti barang bukti, bahwa pada keharusannya dalam hal pembuktian mestinya orang yang menjadi obyek penganiayaan, pembunuhan atau kejahatan lainnya dari suatu peristiwa pidana selanjutnya diajukan menjadi barang bukti seperti misalnya orang yang dianiaya dan mati terbunuh sudah barang tentu menjadi kesulitan dalam praktek; karenanya orang yang meninggal (mayat) harus dikebumikan sebab dapat membusuk untuk selanjutnya mengalami proses alamiah hancur menjadi debu tanah. 2. Kedudukan visum et repertum dalam hukum pembuktian dalam proses acara pidana adalah termasuk sebagai alat bukti surat sebagaimana maksud pasal 184 ayat 1 huruf c jo pasal 187 huruf c KUHAP dengan keterangan ahli sesuai maksud pasal 1 angka 28 KUHAP jo Stb 1937-350 pasal 184 ayat 1 huruf b KUHAP

Multibeam Maser Survey of methanol and excited OH in the Magellanic clouds: new detections and maser abundance estimates

‘The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.’ Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12888.xPeer reviewe

The EDIBLES survey:VI. Searching for time variations of interstellar absorption features

Context. Interstellar absorption observed toward stellar targets changes slowly over long timescales, mainly due to the proper motion of the background target relative to the intervening clouds, such that over time, different parts of the intervening cloud are probed. On longer timescales, the slowly changing physical and chemical conditions in the cloud can also cause variation. Detecting such time variations thus provides an opportunity to study cloud structure.Aims. We searched for systematic variations in the absorption profiles of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and interstellar atomic and molecular lines by comparing the high-quality data set from the recent ESO diffuse interstellar bands large exploration survey (EDIBLES) to older archival observations, bridging typical timescales of ~10 yr with a maximum timescale of 22 yr.Methods. For 64 EDIBLES targets, we found adequate archival observations. We selected 31 strong DIBs, seven atomic lines, and five molecular lines to focus our search on. We carefully considered various systematic effects and used a robust Bayesian quantitative test to establish which of these absorption features could display significant variations.Results. While systematic effects greatly complicate our search, we find evidence for variations in the profiles of the λλ4727 and 5780 DIBs in a few sightlines. Toward HD 167264, we find a new Ca I cloud component that appears and becomes stronger after 2008. The same sightline furthermore displays marginal, but systematic changes in the column densities of the atomic lines originating from the main cloud component in the sightline. Similar variations are seen toward HD 147933.Conclusions. Our high-quality spectroscopic observations in combination with archival data show that it is possible to probe interstellar time variations on time scales of typically a decade. Despite the fact that systematic uncertainties as well as the generally somewhat lower quality of older data complicate matters, we can conclude that time variations can be made visible, both in atomic lines and DIB profiles for a few targets, but that generally, these features are stable along many lines of sight. We present this study as an archival baseline for future comparisons, bridging longer periods.<br/

CO adsorption on neutral iridium clusters

The adsorption of carbon monoxide on neutral iridium clusters in the size range of n = 3 to 21 atoms is investigated with infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy. For each cluster size only a single v(CO) band is present with frequencies in the range between 1962 cm-1 (n = 8) and 1985 cm-1 (n = 18) which can be attributed to an atop binding geometry. This behaviour is compared to the CO binding geometries on clusters of other group 9 and 10 transition metals as well as to that on extended surfaces. The preference of Ir for atop binding is rationalized by relativistic effects on the electronic structure of the later 5d metals

Spreading Dynamics of Polymer Nanodroplets

The spreading of polymer droplets is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. To study the dynamics of both the precursor foot and the bulk droplet, large drops of ~200,000 monomers are simulated using a bead-spring model for polymers of chain length 10, 20, and 40 monomers per chain. We compare spreading on flat and atomistic surfaces, chain length effects, and different applications of the Langevin and dissipative particle dynamics thermostats. We find diffusive behavior for the precursor foot and good agreement with the molecular kinetic model of droplet spreading using both flat and atomistic surfaces. Despite the large system size and long simulation time relative to previous simulations, we find no evidence of hydrodynamic behavior in the spreading droplet.Comment: Physical Review E 11 pages 10 figure

Forward Jets and Energy Flow in Hadronic Collisions

We observe that at the Large Hadron Collider, using forward + central detectors, it becomes possible for the first time to carry out calorimetric measurements of the transverse energy flow due to "minijets" accompanying production of two jets separated by a large rapidity interval. We present parton-shower calculations of energy flow observables in a high-energy factorized Monte Carlo framework, designed to take into account QCD logarithmic corrections both in the large rapidity interval and in the hard transverse momentum. Considering events with a forward and a central jet, we examine the energy flow in the interjet region and in the region away from the jets. We discuss the role of these observables to analyze multiple parton collision effects.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Version2: added results on azimuthal distributions and more discussion of energy flow definition using jet clusterin